共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 9 毫秒
1.
Using Real-Time Stereo Vision for Mobile Robot Navigation 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
This paper describes a working vision-based mobile robot that navigates and autonomously explores its environment while building occupancy grid maps of the environment. We present a method for reducing stereo vision disparity images to two-dimensional map information. Stereo vision has several attributes that set it apart from other sensors more commonly used for occupancy grid mapping. We discuss these attributes, the errors that some of them create, and how to overcome them. We reduce errors by segmenting disparity images based on continuous disparity surfaces to reject spikes caused by stereo mismatches. Stereo vision processing and map updates are done at 5 Hz and the robot moves at speeds of 300 cm/s. 相似文献
2.
3.
基于立体视觉的移动机器人导航算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
移动机器人立体视觉系统不仅提供三维地形图用于障碍规避和路径规划,其结果还可以用于视觉导航。以移动机器人立体视觉系统为基础,研究了基于前后两个位置上立体图对的视觉测量算法用于移动机器人的连续导航,讨论了影响导航精度的因素和改进方法;研究了基于局部和全局三维地形图的地形匹配算法用于定期校正位置误差,算法实现简便,定位精度取决于地形图精度。实验结果证明了两种方法的有效性,可以兼顾近距离和中远距离导航任务。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
基于立体视觉的移动机器人导航方法的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
提出一种新颖、有效的移动机器人导航方法.首先利用归一化RGB值的特性和几何封闭性提取出道路区域和可疑障碍物区域;然后利用重投影以及灰度相似性剔除路面水迹及裂痕;接着对障碍物区域进行局部视差连续性约束下的相似性匹配,并构造障碍物的最大包围盒;最后对连续二帧图像进行色调均值和方差的匹配以估计障碍物的相对速度,利用不同的策略进行避障.道路区域和障碍物区域的提取实验以及避障的仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
7.
This article describes a connectionist vision system for the precise control of a robot designed to walk on the exterior of the space station. The network learns to use video camera input to determine the displacement of the robot's gripper relative to a hole in which the gripper must be inserted. Once trained, the network's output is used to control the robot, with a resulting factor of five fewer missed gripper insertions than occur when the robot walks without sensor feedback. The neural network visual feedback techniques described could also be applied in domains such as manufacturing, where precise robot positioning is required in an uncertain environment. 相似文献
8.
Gordon Wyeth 《Autonomous Robots》1998,5(3-4):381-394
This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a trainable vision guided mobile robot. The robot, CORGI, has a CCD camera as its only sensor which it is trained to use for a variety of tasks. The techniques used for training and the choice of natural light vision as the primary sensor makes the methodology immediately applicable to tasks such as trash collection or fruit picking. For example, the robot is readily trained to perform a ball finding task which involves avoiding obstacles and aligning with tennis balls. The robot is able to move at speeds up to 0.8 ms-1 while performing this task, and has never had a collision in the trained environment. It can process video and update the actuators at 11 Hz using a single $20 microprocessor to perform all computation. Further results are shown to evaluate the system for generalization across unseen domains, fault tolerance and dynamic environments. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a trainable vision guided mobile robot. The robot, CORGI, has a CCD camera as its only sensor which it is trained to use for a variety of tasks. The techniques used for train ing and the choice of natural light vision as the primary sensor makes the methodology immediately applicable to tasks such as trash collection or fruit picking. For example, the robot is readily trained to perform a ball finding task which involves avoiding obstacles and aligning with tennis balls. The robot is able to move at speeds up to 0.8 ms-1 while performing this task, and has never had a collision in the trained environment. It can process video and update the actuators at 11 Hz using a single $20 microprocessor to perform all computation. Further results are shown to evaluate the system for generalization across unseen domains, fault tolerance and dynamic environments. 相似文献
10.
11.
Active Appearance-Based Robot Localization Using Stereo Vision 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A vision-based robot localization system must be robust: able to keep track of the position of the robot at any time even if illumination conditions change and, in the extreme case of a failure, able to efficiently recover the correct position of the robot. With this objective in mind, we enhance the existing appearance-based robot localization framework in two directions by exploiting the use of a stereo camera mounted on a pan-and-tilt device. First, we move from the classical passive appearance-based localization framework to an active one where the robot sometimes executes actions with the only purpose of gaining information about its location in the environment. Along this line, we introduce an entropy-based criterion for action selection that can be efficiently evaluated in our probabilistic localization system. The execution of the actions selected using this criterion allows the robot to quickly find out its position in case it gets lost. Secondly, we introduce the use of depth maps obtained with the stereo cameras. The information provided by depth maps is less sensitive to changes of illumination than that provided by plain images. The main drawback of depth maps is that they include missing values: points for which it is not possible to reliably determine depth information. The presence of missing values makes Principal Component Analysis (the standard method used to compress images in the appearance-based framework) unfeasible. We describe a novel Expectation-Maximization algorithm to determine the principal components of a data set including missing values and we apply it to depth maps. The experiments we present show that the combination of the active localization with the use of depth maps gives an efficient and robust appearance-based robot localization system. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Yu Zhao Chien Chern Cheah 《Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on》2009,20(5):758-767
It is interesting to observe that humans are able to manipulate an object easily and skillfully without the exact knowledge of the object, contact points, or kinematics of our fingers. However, research so far on multifingered robot control has assumed that the kinematics and contact points of the fingers are known exactly. In many applications of multifingered robot hands, the kinematics and contact points of the fingers are uncertain and structures of the Jacobian matrices are unknown. In this paper, we propose an adaptive neural network (NN) Jacobian controller for multifingered robot hand with uncertainties in kinematics, Jacobian matrices, and dynamics. It is shown that using NNs, the uniform ultimate boundedness of the position error can be achieved in the presence of the uncertainties. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed controller. 相似文献
19.
基于机器视觉的工业机器人定位系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
建立了一个主动机器视觉定位系统,用于工业机器人对零件工位的精确定位.采用基于区域的匹配和形状特征识别相结合的图像处理方法,该方法经过阈值和形状判据,识别出物体特征.经实验验证,该方法能够快速准确地得到物体的边界和质心,进行数据识别和计算,再结合机器人运动学原理控制机器人实时运动以消除此误差,满足工业机器人自定位的要求. 相似文献
20.
移动机器人视觉导航控制研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
该文研究了移动机器人视觉导航的控制问题。针对导航中的图像畸变以及视野有限易造成导航线丢失等问题,提出了一种简单的单目视觉目标定位算法和一种新的控制策略。在导航时,首先利用定位算法精确地获取地面目标的深度信息,然后控制机器人沿一系列切线方向平滑接近导航线(或目标),并根据实施控制的时间间隔控制速度,以保证机器人视野中导航线(或目标)不丢失。实际的应用证明了该定位算法和策略的有效性。 相似文献