淀粉基高吸水性树脂的合成与性能研究

以马铃薯淀粉和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,过硫酸钾(K2S2O8)为引发剂,三氯化铝(AlCl3)为交联剂,采用以水为溶剂的溶液聚合法制备淀粉基高吸水性树脂(SAP)。确定合理的反应时间,评价树脂的吸水速率、反复吸水性及保水性能。结果表明,在ω(K2S2O8)=0.15%,ω(AlCl3)=0.10%,m(AA)∶m(starch)=6∶1,丙烯酸中和度70%,60℃的条件下,反应80 min制备的树脂吸蒸馏水率为1 235 g/g,吸质量分数为0.9%NaCl溶液率101 g/g,且吸水速率较快,SAP的重复吸水性能和保水性能较好。FTIR分析证实树脂为淀粉与丙烯酸(钠)的接枝共聚物,SAP的XRD衍射峰呈弥散衍射特征,TG和DTA分析说明SAP的热稳定性良好。     

间戊二烯C5石油树脂的生产应用研究

∶针对间戊二烯石油树脂合成反应,采用了一种DPE/AlCl3均相复合催化体系,实验结果表明,与传统的AlCl3催化剂相比,采用了这种均相复合催化体系可提高间戊二烯石油树脂的收率和软化点,同时可提高树脂的相对分子质量和降低相对分子质量分布,配比为1∶1.5的DPE/AlCl3复合催化体系为较佳的选择。此时制备的间戊二烯树脂平均收率比AlCl3催化剂时的平均收率高出2.8%;DPE/AlCl3复合催化体系得到的间戊二烯树脂软化点明显高于AlCl3引发制备的树脂软化点,平均高出9.8℃。而且此时DPE/AlCl3复合催化体系合成的间戊二烯树脂的相对分子质量高于AlCl3引发制备的树脂,相对分子质量分布低于AlCl3引发制备的树脂。     

交联剂种类及用量对淀粉类吸水树脂吸水性能的影响

以玉米淀粉、丙烯酸、膨润土为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备超强吸水树脂,并对产物进行性能测试。在得到最佳反应条件的基础上,考察了不同交联剂对此类超强吸水树脂性能、结构的影响,并优选较适合淀粉类超强吸水树脂的交联剂。以AlCl3为交联剂,且AlCl3用量为0.015%时,所得超强吸水树脂的吸去离子水量达到最高,为433.96 g/g,AlCl3用量为0.01%时,吸0.9%的NaCl溶液量达到最高,为73.76 g/g。     

增粘树脂红外光谱的快速鉴别研究

增粘树脂因结构差异种类居多,在胶粘剂、涂料和油墨等产品中应用广泛,通过红外分析进行有效快速鉴别对于科研及生产单位是非常必要的。本研究选用不同增粘树脂作为研究对象,分类别比较其FT-IR谱图。研究表明:松香树脂含有酯基(γC=O)特征吸收峰,季戊四醇酯的烃链骨架振动为双峰(1 058 cm-1,1 036 cm-1),甘油酯为单峰;萜烯树脂只出现较强的烷烃基团吸收,(δ=CH)吸收很弱;C5石油树脂在970 cm-1有δ=CH反式振动吸收,双环戊二烯树脂同时在970 cm-1(反式)与702 cm-1(顺式)振动吸收,且有环(γC-H)单峰(3 040 cm-1)出现,氢化后,δ=CH吸收峰减弱或消失;C9石油树脂等芳香族树脂有明显的芳环吸收,骨架振动吸收峰随颜色加深有所偏移,δ=CH吸收强度增强。     

巯基聚醚聚氨酯橡胶的制备及温敏性谱学研究

以过量甲苯二异氰酸酯和聚乙二醇为主要原料制备预聚物;以三乙烯二胺为催化剂,聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯为交联剂,预聚物和巯基乙醇反应制备巯基聚醚聚氨酯橡胶。考察了催化剂用量和交联剂用量对产物性能的影响,采用变温红外光谱和拉曼光谱对其温敏性进行了研究。结果表明:催化剂用量0. 8%,交联剂用量1. 0%,产物性能最佳;200℃以下样品的红外吸收峰受温度变化影响不大;200℃时,样品在2 273 cm-1处出现-N==C==O特征吸收峰,同时2 583 cm-1处的―SH特征伸缩振动吸收峰消失。     

AlCl3改性阳离子交换树脂催化合成异丙叉甘油

以无水AlCl3、阳离子交换树脂和AlCl3改性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,对丙三醇与丙酮缩合反应进行了研究,AlCl3改性阳离子交换树脂对反应的催化效果最佳. Hammett指示剂法和吡啶吸附红外表征结果表明,采用AlCl3对阳离子交换树脂进行改性后,催化剂的酸强度有所提高,催化活性增强. AlCl3改性阳离子交换树脂催化合成异丙叉甘油的优化反应条件为：反应温度82℃,n丙三醇/n丙酮=1:3,催化剂用量为丙三醇质量的10%,反应时间11 h,异丙叉甘油收率为90.9%.     

AlCl3原位增容聚丙烯／聚苯乙烯共混物的研究

采用无水AlCl3作为催化剂引发Friedel—Crafts烷基化反应，用反应共混的方法制备了聚丙烯／聚苯乙烯（PP／PS）合金材料，并用IR、SEM和DSC进行了表征。IR检测到共混物在755cm^-1和3030cm^-1处苯环的吸收峰，证实了PP-g-PS接枝共聚物的存在；SEM的分析表明加入AlCl3后体系的分散相颗粒减小，并且分散也更加均匀；DSC的数据表明加入0．3％AlCl3后体系的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）由99．1℃下降到89．8℃，证明体系形成了相容区。     

苯乙烯/γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷乳液共聚动力学研究

以苯乙烯（St）、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷（TMSPMA）为单体,十二烷基硫酸钠和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚为复合乳化剂,通过乳液聚合法制备了St-TMSPMA共聚物。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对共聚物进行了表征,1090 cm-1处Si－O－Si键的吸收峰和1723 cm-1处羰基的伸缩振动吸收峰表明TMSPMA与St发生了共聚反应;并研究了反应温度、引发剂浓度、乳化剂浓度和TMSPMA浓度对乳液共聚反应速率的影响,结果表明,升高反应温度、增大引发剂或乳化剂浓度以及降低TMSPMA浓度都可以提高聚合反应速率。     

新型环氧树脂泡沫塑料制备及其性能研究

采用两步法制备环氧(EP)树脂泡沫塑料,并对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,EP固化完全,观察不到827cm-1处环氧基的特征峰。所得的EP泡沫塑料为闭孔结构,泡孔均匀,密度最低可达0.14g/cm3,玻璃化转变温度为107℃,起始分解温度为352.5℃。     

改性淀粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚物的合成及应用性能

研究经过热处理的改性淀粉与丙烯酸的接枝共聚反应。接枝共聚产物在 790cm-1、85 0cm-1(物理改性淀粉的特征吸收峰 )和 172 0cm-1(聚丙烯酸的特征吸收峰 )处的红外光谱验证了接枝共聚反应的发生。探讨了引发剂过硫酸铵浓度、丙烯酸浓度、反应温度和反应时间等因素对接枝率和接枝效率的影响。当 ρ(淀粉 ) =70 g/L、t =6 0℃、反应时间为 3h、c〔(NH4) 2 S2 O8〕 =3 0× 10 -3 mol/L、c(丙烯酸 ) =0 4 2mol/L时 ,合成胶粘剂的初粘力为 10 0 % ,吸水率为 15 0 14 % ,吸油率为 2 0 6 % ,其压制的纸板冲击强度为 3 2 5kN/m ,拉伸强度为 3 75MPa ,与纯淀粉粘接剂相比较 ,所压制纸板的应用性能得到较大的改善。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.