微藻生物燃料的远景展望

藻类是生物燃料的理想原料,最近,由于对能源安全、温室气体排放和其它潜在的生物燃料原料竞争等的关注增加,藻类生物燃料引起人们的注意。然而开发藻类生物量的生产技术,仍处于萌芽阶段。微藻有生产生物燃料的潜力,但在商业化大规模生产前,需要对其技术进行讨论并克服经济障碍等问题。     

藻类热解生产生物质燃料研究进展

生物能源在将来会成为一种理想的新能源,且在新能源研究中生物能源正变得越来越重要.藻类是一种优良的热解材料,具有容易预处理、易于热解和有更高的收率等特点.藻类可以为未来社会供应大量的燃料.主要介绍了利用微藻热解生产生物质燃料的研究进展,对目前该技术存在的问题和局限进行了分析.     

微生物油脂制取生物燃料研究进展

随着化石燃料短缺和环境污染问题的日益严重,可再生能源的重要性不断凸显.其中,生物燃料受到越来越多的关注.利用微生物制取生物燃料是当下流行的技术路线之一.微生物油脂因原料来源广泛、生产工艺简单等优势,国内外学者对其进行了广泛深入的研究.本文总结了产油微生物菌体培育技术、微生物菌体破壁技术和微生物制备生物燃料技术,为产油微...     

原料供应困扰我国生物燃料产业发展

日前中国生物燃料考察组前往美国和巴西，进行了生物燃料技术和市场的应用考察。 通过走访相关部门和企业了解到，目前美国的燃料乙醇生产是以玉米为主要原料，生物柴油则是以转基因大豆为主要原料，其原料供给能够满足生物燃料生产需求；巴西燃料乙醇生产是以甘蔗为原料，生物柴油的原料品种更多，其原料供给适应巴西的自然条件。     

生物能源的研究现状及展望

综述了常见的生物能源如燃料酒精、生物柴油和生物制氢的应用和开发现状。对以淀粉和纤维素为原料的发酵制燃料酒精技术进行了比较,对木糖基因工程菌的构建及发酵工艺的国外新进展进行了讨论。分析了生物柴油的各种制备方法包括化学法和酶法的特点,特别是对酶法制备生物柴油进行了全面总结。对微生物制氢的菌种和不同制备工艺进行了技术经济评价。指出以纤维素为原料通过基因工程菌发酵制备燃料酒精,酶法制备生物柴油及利用有机废水进行微生物制氢可能成为新型生物能源的发展方向。     

航空生物燃料技术发展背景与应用现状

论述了航空生物燃料技术发展背景、技术开发与应用现状,指出能否提供可持续的原料是航空生物燃料应用的关键问题,航空生物燃料将成为我国航空业实现温室气体减排目标的突破口和根本途径;同时为我国航空生物燃料发展提出了建议,认为应继续加大技术研发,通过技术创新不断降低航空生物燃料成本,同时努力扩大航空生物燃料原料来源,积极推动航空生物燃料的工业化生产与应用,为我国航空业的可持续发展和碳减排创造条件。     

国内外生物原油技术开发现状与分析

通过生物原油加氢改质生产清洁汽柴油是未来生物燃料技术的重要发展方向。本文介绍了生物原油的组成、特性及生物原油技术的研发现状,重点对快速热裂解、催化裂解生产生物原油及其加氢改质技术进展进行了探讨分析。结论指出,国内外生物原油及其改质精制生产清洁运输燃料技术目前仍处于研究开发阶段,离工业化生产还有很大的差距,预计未来生物原油在石油替代进程中必将占有重要地位,我国要加快生物原油技术研发步伐,争取早日实现工业化生产,以满足市场日益增长的交通燃料需求。     

微藻生产生物燃料研究进展

从全球情况来看,化石燃料的储量日益减少,原油价格不断上涨,温室效应越发严重,这些问题促使了可再生能源的研究与发展。而生物燃料是一种新型的利用效率较高的可再生能源。由微藻生产生物燃料,则是一种更为经济环保的方式。文章从微藻生产生物燃料培养系统等方面,介绍了微藻生产生物燃料的研究进展。     

欧盟寻求为生物燃料生产制定环保标准

欧盟官员在近日召开的国际生物燃料大会上表示，欧盟将寻求为生物燃料生产制定环保标准，以促进生物燃料的可持续性利用。[第一段]     

美开发生物燃料新工艺

最近,美国密歇根州立大学的研究者开发了一种新的生物燃料生产工艺,该研究成果有望应用微生物生产燃料和氢气。     

Ultrathin polymeric interpenetration network with separation performance approaching ceramic membranes for biofuel

Biofuel has emerged as one of the most strategically important sustainable fuel sources. The success of biofuel development is not only dependent on the advances in genetic transformation of biomass into biofuel, but also on the breakthroughs in separation of biofuel from biomass. The “separation” alone currently accounts for 60–80% of the biofuel production cost. Ceramic membranes made of sophisticated processes have shown separation performance far superior to polymeric membranes, but suffers fragility and high fabrication cost. We report the discovery of novel molecular engineering and membrane fabrication that can synergistically produce polymeric membranes exhibiting separation performance approaching ceramic membranes. The newly discovered Polysulfone/Matrimid composite membranes are fabricated by dual‐layer coextrusion technology in just one step through phase inversion. An ultrathin dense‐selective layer made of an interpenetration network of the two materials with a targeted and stable interstitial space is formed at the interface of two layers for biofuel separation. The combined molecular engineering and membrane fabrication approach may revolutionize future membrane research and development for purification and separation in energy, environment, and pharmaceuticals. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Organelle-based biofuel cells: Immobilized mitochondria on carbon paper electrodes

This paper details the development of a mitochondria-based biofuel cell. We show that mitochondria can be immobilized at a carbon electrode surface and remain intact and viable. The electrode-bound mitochondria drive complete oxidation of pyruvate as shown by Carbon-13 NMR and serve as the anode of the biofuel cell where they convert the chemical energy in a biofuel (such as pyruvate) into electrical energy. These are the first organelle-based fuel cells. Researchers have previously used isolated enzymes and complete microbes for fuel cells, but this is the first evidence that organelles can support fuel cell-based energy conversion. These biofuel cells provide power densities of 0.203 ± 0.014 mW/cm², which is in between the latest immobilized enzyme-based biofuel cells and microbial biofuel cells, while providing the efficiency of microbial biofuel cells.     

The biological mechanisms of butanol tolerance and the application of solvent-tolerant bacteria for environmental protection

Toxicity caused by the accumulation of butanol in fermentation media is an important factor limiting the concentration of butanol. There is currently no systematic research in place investigating the butanol tolerance mechanism of bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum, which adapts to butanol stress and regulates its growth and metabolism. Here, research results related to the butanol tolerance of C. acetobutylicum are reviewed to understand the molecular basis of changes in butanol-tolerant strains. Organic solvent-tolerant bacteria play an important role in the fields of biofuel production, enzyme preparation and bioremediation. An analysis of limitations of the application of organic solvent-tolerant bacteria has revealed that future research should focus on combining the microbial tolerance phenotype with specific utilization to achieve an optimal balance between organic solvent tolerance and production. This review serves as a reference for the improvement and engineering of strains that tolerate organic solvents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Advances and Challenges on Algae Harvesting and Drying

Biodiesel production from algae offers a promising prospect for practical applications among the still developing biofuel technologies. The fact that algae are capable of producing much more yield provides an edge over other types of biofuel. Though algal biofuel research is still developing and its practical application is yet to be ascertained, promising work on laboratory- and pilot-scale algae harvesting systems has been extensively reported. Because algae harvesting and drying are vital elements in biofuel production, recent advances on various algae harvesting, dewatering, and drying technologies are reviewed and discussed. Challenges and prospects of algae harvesting and drying are also outlined.     

航空生物燃料特性与规格概述

阐述了航空喷气燃料具有的性能及与之相关的分析测试项目、航空生物燃料的特性和质量指标要求,介绍了航空生物燃料的质量规格、掺调化石航空喷气燃料的选择与调合要求以及美国ASTM D7566“含合成烃类航空涡轮燃料的规格标准”制定与修订的历程。提出应该在国家部门统一协调组织下,整合包括中国石油天然气集团公司在内的相关部门、研究机构、企业等国内优势资源,对航空生物燃料标准开展深入系统的基础和应用研究工作,结合国际通行标准和我国应用实际,制定形成我国的航空生物燃料国家标准,这将极大地支持和推动刚刚起步的我国航空生物燃料产业化发展。     

新型代用能源-生物燃料

随着石油能源危机的日益加剧,人们开始越来越多的将注意力投入到石油代用能源的研究中,其中一个重要项目就是生物燃料的研究和开发。本文着重介绍了燃料酒精和生物柴油这两种代用能源的优良性能、生产途径和应用现状,并简要分析了生物燃料的发展前景。     

Advances and opportunities at the interface between microbial bioenergy and nanotechnology

In this review, we highlight many recent developments in nanotechnology of critical relevance to microbial bioenergy synthesis. Nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanofibres, and nanoporous materials, are each being utilised in powerful ways as tools for feedstock processing, genetic engineering, and biofuel harvesting, as well as in bioelectrochemical systems. As materials and techniques continue to mature, nanomaterials will become a truly integral part of the bioenergy sector. Sustainable bioenergy production will ultimately be achieved through interdisciplinary efforts that continue to bridge the gap between these traditionally distinct fields of study.     

蒸汽渗透技术在燃料乙醇生产中的应用研究进展

蒸汽渗透作为一种新型膜分离技术,可有效解决生物燃料乙醇生产中发酵产物浓度低、能源消耗量大、污染环境等诸多瓶颈问题。与渗透蒸发相比,蒸汽渗透技术具有分离性能好、进料清洁、能量损耗低、操作弹性大等优点,在燃料乙醇生产领域具备更广阔的应用前景。本文在比较渗透蒸发和气体分离技术的基础上,简述了蒸汽渗透过程的机理和特点。介绍了优先透水膜和优先透醇膜两类应用于燃料乙醇生产不同阶段的蒸汽渗透膜和这两类膜材料当前的研究进展,重点阐述了有机/无机杂化膜在成膜方法、杂化材料选择等方面的最新成果。回顾了蒸汽渗透在乙醇脱水方面的工业应用成果,指出该技术在发酵原位分离乙醇和替代精馏工艺方面所具有的优势,探讨了与固态发酵技术相结合进行一次相变生产燃料乙醇工艺实现的可能性,并提出未来亟待研究和解决的问题,为蒸汽渗透技术在燃料乙醇生产领域大规模发展提供参考。     

基于膜电极的质子交换膜微生物燃料电池

通过采用传统电化学燃料电池的技术和材料,以寻求提高微生物燃料电池的电流密度,制作基于膜电极的微生物燃料电池。通过构建温控压力机,制作了一系列膜电极(MEA),并对作为正极的多种碳材料进行了筛选。使用定制的玻璃微生物燃料电池来放置膜电极和培养Geobacter sulfurreducens,对产生的电流进行评价。细胞的生长以乙醇为唯一碳源,因而代表了一种新型的乙醇/氧气燃料电池。相比以前的设计,基于膜电极的微生物燃料电池的电极表面每个单位会多产生出100倍的电流,并且可以被长久使用。