超临界CO_2从南海翡翠贻贝中萃取EPA和DHA的研究

用超临界ＣＯ２对南海翡翠贻贝中萃取二十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）和二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）工艺进行了研究,得出其最佳工艺条件为：压力３５ＭＰａ,温度３５℃,ＣＯ２用量２ｍｌ／ｇ料,尿素用量为乙酯量的１０％。乙酯的萃取率达到６１．５％。ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ乙酯总含量（ｗ）达到２８３２％。     

N,N-二辛基甘氨酸萃取铑的机理

报道了Ｎ，Ｎ－二辛基甘氨酸从盐酸体系中萃取铑的机理．结果表明：铑的萃取率随酸度、氯离子浓度、铑离子浓度的增大而降低．采用斜率法测得萃合物组成为：Ｒ２ＮＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨＨＲｈ（Ｈ２Ｏ）２Ｃｌ４．萃取反应方程式为：Ｒ２ＮＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ．ＨＣｌ（Ｏ）＋Ｒｈ（Ｈ２Ｏ）２Ｃｌ－４（Ａ）＝Ｒ２ＮＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ．ＨＲｈ（Ｈ２Ｏ）２Ｃｌ４（Ｏ）＋Ｃｌ     

超临界CO2萃取小麦胚芽油研究

用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术对小麦胚芽和成品麦胚进行了萃取研究。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为萃取压力２５．０ＭＰａ,萃取温度３２℃,用气楷７．６１ＮＭ＾３ｋｇ．ｈ．所得的麦胚油品质优越,且其中的维生素Ｅ含量比溶剂法,压榨法所得麦油高。本研究为麦胚油的超临界萃取实现工业化生产提供设计参数。     

超临界CO2萃取螺旋藻中β—胡萝卜互的研究

以超临界ＣＯ２萃取螺旋藻中β－胡萝卜素,结果表明,萃取压力越高,温度赵高、ＣＯ２用量越多,收率就越大。超临界ＣＯ２萃取螺旋藻中β－胡萝眩素适宜操作压力３０ＭＰａ、温度５０℃、萃取时间２ｈ。在该条件下得到的萃取物占被萃粉的４．５％,、β－胡萝卜素的含量为３．４％,对β－胡萝卜素的萃取收率 为９４％。该萃取物色泽纯正,气味自然,可作为产品出售。     

超临界CO2萃取芹菜籽香料的应用技术研究

采用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术提取芹菜籽的芳香物质。选用８０－１５０ＭＰａ的萃取压力、２５－４５℃萃取温度和２－２。５ｈ的萃取时间以及萃取前原料进行适度磨碎（３０－４０目）处理，可获得具有新鲜、浓郁、逼真的芹菜籽香味的芳香物质。萃取得率大于２．３％。芹菜籽油（ＣＯ２）已在食品加香方面进行了开发应用研究。     

褐煤CO／H2O体系超监界萃取工艺流程设想

概述了煤炭ＣＯ／Ｈ２Ｏ体系超监界流体萃取液化的研究开发工作，提出了概念化褐煤萃取液化工艺流程。     

先锋褐煤CO／H2O超临界萃取研究

在不同ＣＯ初压、不同催化剂作用下，以ＣＯ／Ｈ２Ｏ为溶剂对云南先锋褐煤进行超临界萃取，对萃取物的族组成进行了＾１Ｈ，＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ分析。结果表明：萃取产率和转化率随ＣＯ初压增大而增加；ＣＯ和Ｈ２Ｏ可发生变换反应生成中间态活泼氢，从而具有较哟的供氢能力，使萃取产率和转化率提高；碱金属的氢氧化物及碳酸盐对ＣＯ／Ｈ２Ｏ变换反应有较强的催化作用；萃取物的油组分以单环芳香结构为主，具有较高的Ｈ／Ｃ比和较多的     

丙醇－水／氯化钙体系汽液平衡测定和关联

利用改进的Ｏｔｈｍｅｒ釜测量了０．１０１３ＭＰａ下的ｎ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣａＣｌ２和ｉ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ／ＯａＣｌ２体系恒定盐摩尔分率下ＶＬＥ数据。测定结果用优先溶剂化法、Ｆｕｒｌｅｒ方程及本文提出的Ｆｕｒｌｅｒ方程改进式进行了关联。其中Ｆｕｒｌｅｒ方程改进式关联结果较好，汽相组成平均偏差为０．０１２。     

超临界CO2萃取技术及其应用

本文介绍了超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术的基本原理阐述了超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术的主要特点和萃取工艺以及超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术的应用。     

超临界CO2萃取玉米胚芽油工艺的研究

本文研究采用超临界ＣＯ２从玉米胚芽中萃取油品的工艺条件，运用响应面法探讨了萃取压力、萃取温度和物料粒径在油品产率为９０％时对ＣＯ２消耗量的影响，确定了最佳工艺参数，分析比较了超临界ＣＯ２萃取、正己烷索氏萃取和压榨三种方法对油品质量和脂肪酸组成的影响。     

High-pressure phase behavior of carbon dioxide in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Phase equilibrium data of carbon dioxide in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmim][Tf₂N]) are presented at high pressures up to about 30 MPa and at temperatures between 298.15 K and 343.15 K. The solubilities at a given temperature were determined by measuring the bubble point pressure of the ionic liquid solution with carbon dioxide dissolved using the high-pressure equilibrium apparatus equipped with a variable-volume view cell. Solubility results are reported for carbon dioxide concentrations ranging from 0.21 up to 0.80 mole fraction. Carbon dioxide gave very high solubilities in the ionic liquid at lower pressures, while the equilibrium pressure increased very steeply at higher concentrations of carbon dioxide. The solubility of carbon dioxide in the ionic liquid decreased with an increase in temperature.     

真空变压吸附提纯沼气的实验

以煤基碳分子筛为沼气净化吸附剂,借助扫描电镜观察了碳分子筛的表面形貌,并通过物理化学吸附仪表征了碳分子筛的孔径分布。基于静态容积法测定了CO₂与CH₄在碳分子筛的静态吸附量,并估算了CO₂与CH₄在碳分子筛的动力学扩散系数。单塔穿透实验考察了吸附压力与进料流量对原料气中CO₂穿透曲线的影响,选取吸附压力为0.3 MPa,进料流量为4 L·min-1进行两塔六步真空变压吸附提纯沼气的实验研究,并考察了吸附步骤时长与产品气冲洗率对CH₄富集效果的影响。实验结果表明,吸附步骤时长为140 s,冲洗率为0.05时,产品气中CH₄纯度可达98%,收率可达82%。     

CH4和CO2在活性炭微球内扩散系数的测定

活性炭微球是一种储存及净化天然气的新型碳材料.采用高精度的重力分析仪(IGA-003, HIDEN)对天然气主要成分CH₄和CO₂杂质在活性炭微球材料内的扩散性质进行了研究.运用Fick扩散模型关联得到了CH₄及CO₂在活性炭微球内的扩散系数.研究结果表明,CH₄与CO₂在活性炭微球内的扩散属于晶体扩散,二者的扩散系数处于10^-13m²·s^-1数量级上.同时,CH₄与CO₂在介孔活性炭微球内的扩散速率均随着温度的增加而增加,随着体系平衡压力的增加而减小,而且CH₄的扩散速率要略大于CO₂的扩散速率.研究结果可用于活性炭微球吸附剂应用中传质性质的计算.     

An apparatus for high-pressure VLE measurements using a static mixer. Results for (CO2+limonene+citral) and (CO2+limonene+linalool)

A new flow apparatus for high-pressure vapour–liquid equilibrium measurements was assembled. Its main feature is the use of a static mixer followed by a cyclone separator. Phase equilibrium ratios were determined, at 323.2 K and at pressures up to the vicinity of the mixture critical pressure, for the following systems: carbon dioxide+limonene, carbon dioxide+citral, carbon dioxide+linalool, carbon dioxide+limonene+citral and carbon dioxide+limonene+linalool. The results compare well with available literature data.     

二氧化碳水合物导热和热扩散特性

热导率和热扩散率是天然气水合物资源开采关键性基础热物性数据,采用反应釜内壁衬有氟塑料材料,低过冷度,让水合物在反应釜内逐层生成的合成方法,获得可直接用于导热测试的二氧化碳水合物样品。采用瞬变平面热源法原位测试了温度264.68～282.04 K、压力1.5～3 MPa二氧化碳水合物热导率、热扩散率,并测试了二氧化碳水合物在268.05 K、0.6 MPa左右发生自保护效应过程中热导率、热扩散率,获得了晶态下和自保护效应过程中的二氧化碳水合物热导率、热扩散率变化特性。测试结果将为天然气水合物资源的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。     

EFFECTS OF ENTRAINERS ON THE PHASE EQUILIBRIUM OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION PROCESS

A flow apparatus was set up for measuring the solubility of a solid solute in a supercritical fluid withthe presence of a small amount of entrainer.The solubilities of biphenyl,diphenylamine and benzoic acid insupercritical carbon dioxide with one of the selected entrainers which were ethanol,acetone and n-hexanerespectively,were obtained in the pressure range of 10—32 MPa and the temperature range of 308—318K.Asolvolytic association theory has been proposed to explain the mechanism of entrainer effect,and theexperimental results were reasonably analysed.According to the solvolytic association theory,the association equa-tion of state was adopted to correlate the experimental data with good accuracy.     

Production of microcellular foam plastics by supercritical carbon dioxide

The production of microcellular plastic was studied in the polymethyl metacrylate (PMMA)-supercritical carbon dioxide and polycarbonate (PC)-supercritical carbon dioxide systems. The test pieces of PMMA and PC were put into a saturation vessel of which temperature and pressure were kept constant. Supercritical carbon dioxide at temperature between 303K and 393K and pressure between 100 bar and 250 bar was used as a foaming agent. After saturation of carbon dioxide, the pressure was quickly released to atmospheric pressure. The samples were immediately taken out from the vessel and heated in an oil bath. The fractured part of the sample was used for microstructure analysis with SEM. The effect of the saturation temperature, pressure of sorption and the foaming time on the cell mean size and cell density of the foam was investigated by considering the solubility of carbon dioxide in PMMA and PC. The foam morphologies of the foamed plastics were affected by solubility of carbon dioxide, which was directly related to saturation temperature and pressure. The cell density increased and, consequently, the cell size decreased with the solubility of carbon dioxide. The foaming time can be used a controlling factor to obtain the desired foam structure and the volume expansion ratio.     

Phase equilibrium and diffusivities of hydrofluorocarbons in a synthetic polyol ester lubricant

Detailed knowledge about the thermophysical properties of refrigerant/lubricant systems, such as solubility and diffusivity, are required for the design, operation, and long-term reliability of heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. Herein, vapor–liquid equilibrium of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and difluoromethane (R-32) in a polyol ester oil (ISO VG 32) were measured using a gravimetric microbalance at temperatures ranging from 248.15 to 348.15 K and up to 1.0 MPa of pressure. The experimental solubility data of each refrigerant/lubricant system were successfully modeled using the nonrandom two liquid activity coefficient model. A one-dimensional diffusion equation was applied on time-dependent absorption data to determine binary diffusion coefficients (D) for the refrigerants in the ISO VG 32 lubricant. Finally, Stokes–Einstein diffusing radius calculations support the hypothesis that HFCs dissolve into ISO VG 32 lubricant as individual molecules rather than associated complexes.     

CO_2对高温液态水中苯乙腈水解反应的影响

为探讨添加了CO2的高温液态水中腈类物质的水解规律,考察了不同的CO2添加量对高温液态水中苯乙腈水解的影响,计算了不同CO2添加量和不同温度对高温液态水反应体系pH的影响。结果表明,在473.15 K,0、0.2、0.4 MPa CO2压力下的水解反应速率常数分别为6.2×10-4、4.1×10-4、3.0×10-4 min-1,而相对应的pH分别为5.6、4.1、3.9。对于碱催化机理为主导的苯乙腈水解反应,CO2并不能有效地促进反应进行。     

在超细催化剂CuO/ZnO/SiO_2上CO_2加氢合成甲醇的优化研究

本文考察了焙烧温度、还原温度、反应温度、反应压力和体积空速对用于ＣＯ２加氢反应的超细ＣｕＯ／ＺｎＯ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂性能和产物分布的影响，确定了催化剂的合适焙烧温度、还原温度，并对ＣＯ２加氢反应条件进行了优化