Monochromatic-Based Method for Impulse Noise Detection and Suppression in Color Images

A new method to detect and reduce the impulse noise in color images is presented in this paper. The method consists of two stages: detection and filtering. Since each of the individual channels (components) of the color image can be considered as a monochrome image, both stages are applied to each channel separately, and then the individual results are combined into one output image. The corrupted pixels are detected in the first stage based on a proposed innovative switching technique. The noise-free pixels are copied to their corresponding locations in the output image. In the second stage, average filtering is applied only to those pixels which are determined to be noisy in the first stage, and only noise-free pixel values are involved in calculating this average. The size of the sliding window depends on the estimated noise density and is very small even for high noise densities. The proposed method is effective in noise reduction while preserving edge details and color chromaticity. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms all the tested existing state-of-the-art methods used in digital color image restoration in both standard objective measurements and perceived image quality.     

一种改进的边缘生长彩色图像分割方法

针对彩色图像颜色空间特性,提出一种改进的边缘生长图像分割方法。首先根据平均颜色矩确定图像量化级数,色彩量化后采用边缘检测提取边缘像素集,并将这些高细节点形成边缘线,围成一个封闭的区域,最后根据颜色空间的区域距离,将初始分割区域进行合并。该方法很好的解决了使用边缘检测或区域生长所产生的不连续性和过分割问题。实验结果显示对彩色图像分割具有较好的效果。     

An adaptive color plane interpolation method based on edge detection

In this letter, an adaptive interpolation algorithm based on edge detection is proposed. With this algorithm, all the missing green values can be reconstructed in Bayer pattern image by using edge detection interpolation method. Reconstructed images composed of green pixels are classified according to the high frequency components in image, and the threshold T needed for all kinds of green images in the edge detection is determined through experiments. The edge detection is carried out based on the one Dimensional （1D） gradient operator. If the gradient value is greater than T, this pixel is located on the edge; otherwise the pixel is in the smooth area of the image. Finally, the simple bilinear interpolation is used for the smooth area while the Laplacian interpolation with the second-order correction term is adopted to reconstruct the other red/blue values on the edge. This algorithm resolves effectively the conflicts between reconstructing high quality color image and reducing computational complexity, and thus largely enhances the processing speed for the reconstructed color image.     

利用颜色滤波矩阵估计原图的拼接定位盲取证方法

图像拼接是伪造数字图像最基本的操作,对其的被动盲检测和定位也是数字图像取证亟待解决的关键问题之一。该文通过对图像进行颜色滤波矩阵插值,对图像进行了原图估计,重建其像素邻域一致性。利用待取证图像的边缘点在像素邻域一致性上偏离估计的原始图像的程度,对图像的拼接进行准确定位。实验表明,该方法能够有效地检测图像拼接伪造区域的位置、大小和形状。     

Study of single image dehazing algorithm based on propagated filtering and minimum color channels

To solve the challenging problem that the edge regions of image have some remained hazes and blackspots,a novel image dehazing algorithm was proposed based on the minimal color channel and propagated filtering.Firstly,an initial atmospheric transmission map was obtained by double-area filtering,then a minimal channel color was introduced as a reference image,and the propagated filtering was combined to optimize the initial atmospheric transmission map.Optimized transmission have the similar edge characteristics as the referenced image,so the deviation of transmission estimation can be effectively avoided for the edge pixels in the depth mutated regions,and the redundant texture information were removed in the initial transmission map.Finally,L-BFGS was used to restore atmospheric light,and the haze-free image can be recovered based on the atmospheric scattering model.Experimental results show that proposed algorithm has the more accurate transmission estimation for the depth mutated edge regions of image,so the recovered image effectively preserves the edges and details in the depth mutated regions,and has better spatial smoothness in the uniform depth regions.The recovered haze-free image with proposed method has a better sharpness and richer color degree.     

Color impulsive noise removal based on quaternion representation and directional vector order-statistics

A new method for detecting and suppressing impulsive noise in color images is presented in this paper. The proposed method is a type of switching vector filters, where the impulse detection is based on the order-statistic information about the color samples in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions. The new solution first uses quaternion-based representation of color differences and median deviation-based techniques to search for the edge direction with the maximum number of similar pixels, and then utilizes the samples aligning with this edge direction to judge whether the current pixel is noisy or not and control the switching between identity (no filtering) and vector median filtering actions. Extensive experimental comparisons exhibit the validity of the proposed approach by showing significant performance improvements over other well-known color image filtering techniques.     

利用信号相关对BAYER格式图像色彩复原

目前将单CCD采集的BAYER CFA格式图像进行色彩复原有两种通用方法:双线性插值和边缘检测.为了降低这两种方法在图像边缘引进错误颜色的数量,根据RGB彩色图像中R、G、B三个色彩通道的高度相关的特性:即在5×5像素的小区域内认为绿色减红色以及绿色减兰色为常数,提出了利用信号相关对BAYER格式图像彩色复原的方法,并通过SNR(信噪比)和NCD(归一化彩色差异规范)两种评估方法进行检测.从实验结果可以看出文中提出的方法相对于通用方法提高了图像的信噪比,锐化了图像的边缘,减少了图像高频信息的错误像素的数量,提高视觉质量.     

基于图像自身信息的图像边缘检测阈值自动设定方法

从利用边缘像素空间关系和抑制伪边缘的角度出发,提出了一种基于图像自身信息的图像边缘检测阈值自动设定方法,并阐述了其物理意义。本文方法利用图像边缘连续度衡量边缘像素的空间关系,其极大值蕴含着边缘像素增长模式的转换;利用边缘段增量识别伪边缘的出现。对比实验结果表明,本文方法具有良好的稳定性和可靠性。     

Color filter array demosaicking: new method and performance measures

Single-sensor digital cameras capture imagery by covering the sensor surface with a color filter array (CFA) such that each sensor pixel only samples one of three primary color values. To render a full-color image, an interpolation process, commonly referred to as CFA demosaicking, is required to estimate the other two missing color values at each pixel. In this paper, we present two contributions to the CFA demosaicking: a new and improved CFA demosaicking method for producing high quality color images and new image measures for quantifying the performance of demosaicking methods. The proposed demosaicking method consists of two successive steps: an interpolation step that estimates missing color values by exploiting spatial and spectral correlations among neighboring pixels, and a post-processing step that suppresses noticeable demosaicking artifacts by adaptive median filtering. Moreover, in recognition of the limitations of current image measures, we propose two types of image measures to quantify the performance of different demosaicking methods; the first type evaluates the fidelity of demosaicked images by computing the peak signal-to-noise ratio and CIELAB /spl utri/E/sup *//sub ab/ for edge and smooth regions separately, and the second type accounts for one major demosaicking artifact-zipper effect. We gauge the proposed demosaicking method and image measures using several existing methods as benchmarks, and demonstrate their efficacy using a variety of test images.     

非局部相似性去马赛克算法

单传感器数码相机得到的色彩图像在每一个像素点处只有一种色彩值,为了得到一幅全彩色图像,需要在每一个像素位置上估计出另外两个缺失的色彩值。现有主要算法都是利用像素的相关性进行估计和插值,在那些边缘色彩跳变处和色彩高饱和度处容易估计失误,出现所谓的马赛克失真。为了克服这类马赛克现象,本文提出了一种利用图像的非局部相似性,即利用处于图像中不同位置处的像素点往往表现出很强的相关性这一特点,结合图像内容的局部平坦度自适应去马赛克的插值算法。该算法,首先根据相似度函数搜索与被插像素最相似的像素,然后利用区域水平和垂直方向的梯度组算子来计算区域的平坦度,从而根据相似程度和平坦度自适应地选择图像块进行插值。实验结果表明,相对于传统插值算法,该算法提高了图像的峰值信噪比,锐化了图像的纹理和边缘,减少了虚假色和锯齿现象,改善了图像的视觉效果。      

Four-dimensional matrix Walsh transform for lossless compression of color video

This article presents a coding method for the lossless compression of color video.In the proposed method,four-dimensional matrix Walsh transform(4D-M-Walsh-T)is used for color video coding.The whole n frames of a color video sequence are divided into '3D-blocks' which are image width(row component),image height(column component),image width(vertical component)in a color video sequence,and adjacency(depth component)of n frames(Y,U or V)of the video sequence.Similar to the method of 2D-Walsh transform,4D-M-Walsh-T is 4D sub-matrices,and the size of each sub-matrix is n.The method can fully utilize correlations to encode for lossless compression and reduce the redundancy of color video,such as adjacent pixels in one frame or different frames of a video at the same time.Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher lossless compression ratio(CR)for the color video sequence.     

基于统计特征的彩色图像快速插值方法

本文首先阐述了基于统计特征的图像插值方法,该方法通过提取待插入像素所在区域的协方差矩阵和协方差向量,得出适应于边缘位置和方向的插值权重.为了把基于统计特征的图像插值方法应用于彩色图像插值领域,本文提出了以下措施以提高计算速度:仅对Y图像估计插值权重,并同时应用到R、G、B三个分量的插值;对边缘像素应用基于统计特征的图像插值方法,而对非边缘像素应用简单的双线性插值,即混合图像插值方法.这些措施提高了计算速度,并保证了图像质量.实验表明了该算法在计算速度和插值图像质量方面的有效性.     

A new fuzzy color correlated impulse noise reduction method.

A new impulse noise reduction method for color images is presented. Color images that are corrupted with impulse noise are generally filtered by applying a grayscale algorithm on each color component separately or using a vector-based approach where each pixel is considered as a single vector. The first approach causes artefacts especially on edge and texture pixels. Vector-based methods were successfully introduced to overcome this problem. Nevertheless, they tend to cluster the noise and to receive a lower noise reduction performance. In this paper, we discuss an alternative technique which gives a good noise reduction performance while much less artefacts are introduced. The main difference between the proposed method and other classical noise reduction methods is that the color information is taken into account to develop (1) a better impulse noise detection method and (2) a noise reduction method that filters only the corrupted pixels while preserving the color and the edge sharpness. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides a significant improvement on other existing filters.     

Real time interpolation algorithm based on Lanczos kernel

In order to improve the timeliness and reliability of color image scaling algorithms,a high effective real-time color image scaling algorithm was proposed,which first generated the kernel look up table that could be used for whole target image based on Lanczos kernel,and interpolation of all target image pixels had only fixed point operation which had low computational complexity.Meanwhile,an optimized method for rasterizing pixels of target image was proposed,which needed little memory space but embraced high efficiency of memory utilization.The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm achieves good image quality,and the computational complexity is far more less than classic image scaling algorithms.So the proposed algorithm can effectively implement real-time resizing of color images and color videos in any scaling factors.     

以多目标优化的轮廓定位分割视频对象

该文提出一种用于半自动分割视频对象的对象跟踪方法,它以方块均方色差和图像像素边缘强度构造目标函数,把对象轮廓点的运动估值和补偿表达为用带容错的分层排序法实现多目标优化,从而确定与参考帧对象轮廓点对应的当前帧像素为轮廓点;以边缘强度最大为目标将这些轮廓点连接成闭合曲线,从而得到当前帧的对象分割掩膜,用这种方法处理多个视频测试序列得到满意结果。     

基于区域和边缘分开编码可伸缩彩色图像编码

提出了一种基于区域和边缘分开编码的可伸缩彩色图像编码算法,该算法采用按各区域重要性程度分别进行不同精度的编码,并采用MEZW方法组织码流。算法分三步：一是将图像分割为纹理均一或表示独立意义的区域,并按重要程度分别排序;二是对各区域边缘像素进行DCT和小波变换;三是采用MEZW对小波系数进行处理并复合为输出码流。     

基于Renyi熵和模糊推理的彩色图像边缘检测

针对有噪情况下提取彩色边缘信息，文章提出了一种基于Renyi熵和模糊逻辑的彩色图像边缘检测方法。利用K-L变换，将彩色图像分割为三个正交彩色特征I^1,I^2，I^3，对含丰富特征的单色图I^1，采用一种基于Renyi熵的模糊推理方法进行边缘提取．将局部边缘信息测度和边缘度作为模糊推理系统的两输入变量，并运用7条模糊规则进行推理，以获得边缘隶属度。实验证明，与常用的边缘提取方法相比，该方法能提取更多的彩色边缘信息并具较好的抗噪性能。     

A robust auto-focus measure based on inner energy

This paper proposes a robust auto-focus (AF) measure based on inner energy. In general, the inner energy of noise pixels is close to zero because the magnitude of gradient and the direction of the noise pixels are random. Therefore, the inner energy can effectively eliminate the influence of noise on image quality assessment. But the gradients of near edge points are consistent with those of edge points, so the inner energy of edge pixels is relatively large, and the detail information of the image can be highlighted. Experimental results indicate that compared with traditional methods, the proposed method has higher accuracy, fewer local peaks, stronger robustness and better practicability. In particular, the evaluation results are close to the subjective evaluation of the human eyes. These results illustrate that the proposed method can be applied in automatic focusing. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U1509207 and 61325019). E-mail:weihuang@tjut.edu.cn