CoCrNiAlY涂层制备工艺对组织形态及高温氧化行为的影响

为了研究CoCrNiAlY涂层微观组织结构对高温氧化行为和剥落行为的影响规律,采用激光熔覆技术和等离子喷涂工艺在718高温合金表面制备CoCrNiAlY涂层,观察其微观组织形态。利用XRD和SEM对1150 ℃高温氧化试验样品进行氧化层物相分析和形貌观察。结果表明,激光熔覆制备的CoCrNiAlY涂层中形成了胞状亚结构的等轴晶凝固组织,相对于等离子喷涂制备的CoCrNiAlY涂层结构更致密,具有更优异的抗高温氧化性能。在高温氧化过程中,等离子喷涂CoCrNiAlY涂层生成了以Cr₂O₃结构为主的复合氧化膜。激光熔覆CoCrNiAlY涂层生成Al₂O₃结构的单一氧化膜,而且熔覆层中原位形成的Y₂O₃钉扎作用能有效提高氧化膜的抗剥落性。文中系统分析讨论了两种不同工艺制备的组织形态对高温氧化膜形成机制的影响,激光熔覆涂层在高温下主要是以界面扩散方式形成致密的Al₂O₃膜,等离子喷涂涂层在高温下以界面反应的方式快速形成Cr₂O₃复合氧化膜。     

三元共晶成分Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2粉体及陶瓷的制备与组织性能研究

本文采用醇水共沉淀法制备了三元共晶成分Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂粉体,在600-1350_oC温度范围煅烧后研究其物相转变过程。经1300_oC煅烧后Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂共晶成分粉体的物相由α-Al₂O₃、c-ZrO₂和YAG构成,且具有α-Al₂O₃相包裹c-ZrO₂相的特殊结构。将煅烧粉体在1550_oC下热压烧结,制备具有内晶型结构的共晶成分Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂复相陶瓷,其致密度、室温抗弯强度、断裂韧性和高温(1000_oC)抗弯强度分别为98.8%、420 MPa、3.69 MPa.m_1/2和464 MPa,并对复相陶瓷组织结构的形成机理进行了探讨。     

Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3热障涂层的制备及抗热震性能研究

本文以BaCO₃、MgO、Ta₂O₅为原料,采用固相反应法合成了Ba(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃(简称BMT)陶瓷粉末,利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了BMT/YSZ双层陶瓷涂层。利用XRD、SEM和金相显微镜检测了BMT粉体及涂层的物相组成和显微结构。采用水淬法考核了涂层的抗热震性能。结果表明：1450℃下煅烧4h可合成出具有复合钙钛矿结构的BMT粉末,粉末具有良好的高温相结构稳定性。等离子喷涂制备的BMT/YSZ涂层组织致密,涂层系统中各界面结合紧密。涂层在室温至1150℃间热震9次后发生片状剥落,剥落位置位于BMT层间,BMT材料低的断裂韧性和第二相Ba₃Ta₅O₁₅的存在是导致涂层失效的主要原因。     

基于磁过滤技术的热障涂层表面Al2O3 覆盖层抗CMAS腐蚀性能

为了提高热障涂层（TBC）的抗沉积物（主要成分为CaO、MgO、Al₂O₃和SiO₂,简称CMAS）腐蚀性能,采用磁过滤阴极真空电弧（FCVA）技术在TBC表面上制备了致密的Al₂O₃覆盖层,比较和分析了Al₂O₃改性TBC和沉积态TBC的润湿行为和抗CMAS腐蚀性能。结果表明：使用FCVA技术制备Al₂O₃覆盖层的过程对7%（质量分数）氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（7YSZ）相的结构无明显影响,且经Al₂O₃改性的TBC综合性能均优于沉积态TBC。在1250 ℃、CMAS腐蚀条件下,Al₂O₃覆盖层有效地限制了熔融CMAS在TBC表面上的扩散行为。同时,Al₂O₃填充了7YSZ柱状晶之间的间隔并且阻碍了熔融CMAS的渗透,证明了FCVA可作为一种制备Al₂O₃涂层的新方法以提高TBC的抗CMAS腐蚀性能,且Al₂O₃涂层及其制备过程对TBC的热震性能均无消极影响。     

LZO/8YSZ双陶瓷热障涂层CMAS的腐蚀性能

为探究 La₂Zr₂O₇(LZO)涂层服役于 CMAS 环境中其微观结构、力学性能的变化及封阻渗透的原因,采用大气等离子制备了以 Al ₂O₃ 为基体的 LZO/ 8YSZ 双陶瓷热障涂层( TBCs) ,并辅以 8YSZ 单陶瓷 TBCs 作对比。 利用 XRD、SEM 和 EDS 研究了 8YSZ 和 LZO/ 8YSZ 单双陶瓷 TBCs 的相结构和微观组织;利用维式硬度计和 Image Pro plus 软件研究了腐蚀后的涂层硬度及渗透深度。 结果表明:1250 ℃ CMAS 腐蚀 12 h 后,LZO/ 8YSZ 双陶瓷 TBCs 中 LZO 反应厚度约为 57 μm;反应层物相以球状 ZrO₂ 和棒状 Ca₂La₈( SiO₄ ) ₆O₂ 为主,并伴有少量 CaAl ₂ Si ₂O₈ 和 M_gAl ₂O₄ 。 而 8YSZ 单陶瓷 TBCs 腐蚀深度约为 300 μm( 整个 8YSZ 层厚) ,截面变为以球状 m-ZrO₂ 为主的疏松结构。 腐蚀后 8YSZ、LZO 反应层硬度均有所增加,但提高的面内刚度未引发反应/ 未反应层间开裂。 LZO 陶瓷层作为双陶瓷 TBCs 牺牲防护层,依靠 La 同 CMAS 反应生成致密磷灰石(Ca₂La₈( SiO₄ ) ₆O₂ )的封阻作用,有效减少 CMAS 渗入,抑制了内部 8YSZ 的不稳定性。     

粘接相对YSZ基高温封严涂层沉积效率的影响

通过喷雾造粒法制备出含不同粘接相的B0（不含粘接相）、B1（氧化铝）、B2（钇铝石榴石）和B3（镁铝尖晶石）4种YSZ（Y₂O₃ partially stabilized ZrO₂）基团聚颗粒,对4种团聚颗粒的流动性、松装密度及粒径分布进行了研究。利用等离子喷涂技术制备了上述4组高温封严涂层,测量了各组粉末的沉积效率,分析了不同粘接相的粘接机理。结果表明,与B0型团聚粉末相比,B1、B2和B3型团聚粉末的流动性分别降低了6.94%、5.15%和25.2%,松装密度分别减少了2.85%、2.19%和7.67%,大粒度的团聚粉末所占比例分别提高了15.82%、6.65%和29.75%;B1、B2和B3型团聚粉末的沉积效率分别提高了75.80%,181.49%和59.21%。粘接相熔融后对未熔融YSZ粒子和未烧损聚苯酯粒子的黏附和包裹作用是提高涂层沉积效率的主要原因。由于钇铝石榴石粘接相熔点最低、粒度适中,得到的B2型团聚颗粒流动性最好,松装密度最大,大颗粒所占比例最小,因此B2型涂层具有最高的沉积效率。     

硝酸腐蚀对等离子喷涂YAG：Ce涂层的发光性能的影响

为探讨荧光元素在腐蚀监测领域的应用,论文围绕Ce掺杂YAG(Y₃Al₅O₁₂)粉末和涂层的制备进行,探讨硝酸腐蚀时间对涂层发光性能的影响。结果表明高温固相法形成的YAG：Ce粉末主要为YAG相,等离子喷涂涂层则以YAG和YAP (YAlO₃)相为主。经过在硝酸中腐蚀不同的时间后,涂层的孔隙率和衍射峰的强度均增加。同时,衍射峰的主峰位置发生移动。涂层的发光强度随腐蚀时间的增加呈现先增加、再降低、之后增大的波动趋势。涂层的发光强度受其孔隙率、结晶度和相成分等多种因素的影响。     

γ-TiAl合金表面Al2O3/Al复合涂层的抗高温熔盐腐蚀性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术于γ-TiAl合金表面制备Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层。在850 °C下、 100 wt.% Na₂SO₄熔盐中观测Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层的高温腐蚀行为。结果表明,Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层具备由Al₂O₃表层、富Al中间层以及互扩散层组成的梯度结构,因而有效地提高了基体γ-TiAl合金的抗高温腐蚀性能。在腐蚀实验后,涂层试样表面相结构为Al₂O₃,TiO₂和TiAl₃。致密的Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层有效地抑制了O_2-,S_-和Na₊对基体γ-TiAl合金的侵蚀。并且,Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层的梯度结构亦使其表现出了优异的抗开裂和抗剥落性能。     

涂层材料对钛合金机加工石墨型铸造工艺成形质量的影响

通过在石墨铸型内表面涂敷Y₂O₃、Al₂O₃、CaZrO₃耐火氧化物涂料,研究涂层成分对纯钛铸件界面反应和表面组织性能的影响规律。结果表明：涂敷涂料能有效克服石墨铸型对铸件的激冷作用。Y₂O₃涂料与钛液无化学反应发生,稳定性最佳,仅物理粘附于铸件表面。Al₂O₃和CaZrO₃涂料均与钛液发生了界面反应,分别生成Ti-Al-O和 Ca-Ti-O的化合物,Al₂O₃反应程度尤为剧烈。涂刷涂料后钛铸件表面晶粒尺寸、粗晶层厚度和显微硬度明显增大,变化趋势均为未涂刷< Y₂O₃< CaZrO₃< Al₂O₃。     

激光熔覆纳米 Al2O3颗粒增强 Ni 基合金涂层界面组织和高温热腐蚀性能

目的 研究纳米颗粒对 Ni 基合金涂层抗热腐蚀性能的影响。 方法 采用压片预置式激光熔覆工艺,制备了纳米 Al₂O₃ 颗粒增强的 NiCoCrAlY 合金涂层,对熔覆层界面区组织及裂纹进行了显微分析,进行了 1000 益 高温熔盐热腐蚀性能试验。 结果 加入纳米 Al₂O₃ 颗粒的激光熔覆涂层界面区未出现明显缺陷,其热腐蚀失重速率远远低于未加纳米颗粒的涂层,腐蚀表面未出现严重的隆起和剥落,腐蚀层深度小。 结论 添加适量纳米 Al₂O₃ 颗粒对 NiCoCrAlY 合金激光熔覆层界面区裂纹的形成有一定的抑制作用,可使熔覆层的抗高温热腐蚀性能明显提高。     

AZ31B合金热化学反应热喷涂复相陶瓷涂层制备及性能

采用机械球磨和PVA（聚乙烯醇）造粒制成喷涂复合粉末,采用热化学反应火焰喷涂技术,在镁合金AZ31B表面制备Al2O3,基复相陶瓷涂层．利用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）分析了喷涂复合粉末和复合陶瓷涂层的组成及形貌,并对涂层的热震性能、致密性、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试．结果表明,复合粉末经12h球磨后有化学反...     

Cyclic oxidation behavior and thermal barrier effect of YSZ-(Al2O3/YAG) double-layer TBCs prepared by the composite sol-gel method

Novel YSZ (6 wt.% yttria partially stabilized zirconia)-(Al₂O₃/YAG) (alumina-yttrium aluminum garnet, Y₃Al₅O₁₂) double-layer ceramic coatings were fabricated using the composite sol-gel and pressure filtration microwave sintering (PFMS) technologies. The thin Al₂O₃/YAG layer had good adherence with substrate and thick YSZ top layer, which presented the structure of micro-sized YAG particles embedded in nano-sized α-Al₂O₃ film. Cyclic oxidation tests at 1000 °C indicated that they possessed superior properties to resist oxidation of alloy and improve the spallation resistance. The thermal insulation capability tests at 1000 °C and 1100 °C indicate that the 250 μm coating had better thermal barrier effect than that of the 150 μm coating at different cooling gas rates. These beneficial effects should be mainly attributed to that, the oxidation rate of thermal grown oxides (TGO) scale is decreased by the “sealing effect” of α-Al₂O₃, the “reactive element effect”, and the reduced thermal stresses by means of nano/micro composite structure. This double-layer coating can be considered as a promising TBC.     

Phase and Microstructure Evolution and Toughening Mechanism of a Hierarchical Architectured Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>–Y<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Coating under High Temperature

In recent years, numerous techniques have been developed to mimic nacre-like hierarchical architectures in order to improve the damage tolerance of materials. We present herein a simple strategy to fabricate such a hierarchical architectured Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃ composite coating via atmospheric plasma spraying. The evolution of the phase and microstructure of the Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃ composite coating were characterized under conditions of high-temperature exposure in air at 800-1350 °C. The hardness and porosity of several typical coatings were determined. In situ formation of dense hierarchical architectured Al₂O₃–YAG composite coating with improved hardness was achieved after heat treatment at 1350 °C. Compared with Al₂O₃ coating, elevated toughness was found for the hierarchical architectured Al₂O₃–YAG composite coating, which can be ascribed to the distribution of YAG phase that contributed to crack termination and deflection, and microbridging. After thermal aging treatment at 1350 °C, the hierarchical architectured Al₂O₃–YAG composite coating was quite stable after 100 h of thermal exposure. Furthermore, the Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃ composite coating exhibited superior sintering resistance compared with the Al₂O₃ coating.     

A2Zr2O7型稀土锆酸盐热障涂层研究进展

综述了国内外稀土锆酸盐热障涂层在制备技术,纳米涂层,涂层结构及涂层的热物理性能、力学性能及热腐蚀性能等方面的研究成果,讨论了稀土锆酸盐热障涂层在每个方面研究存在的不足。指出未来应该进一步改善稀土锆酸盐涂层的制备工艺及后处理工艺,提高涂层的结合强度,延长涂层的服役寿命,改善涂层耐腐蚀、抗烧结等性能;开发新的涂层制备工艺,重点研究各类纳米稀土锆酸盐涂层的性能;进一步提高涂层的隔热效果、服役温度及工作寿命。     

Plasma-sprayed duplex and graded partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings: deposition process and properties

Atmospheric plasma spraying of duplex and graded ZrO₂ (8% Y₂O₃) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on Inconel 617 substrate with a NiCrAlY bond coat is described in terms of a deposition process of con-trolled coating structure. Special attention is devoted to the dominant spray parameters and the injector configuration for powder feeding, which play a fundamental role in graded coating deposition with con-trolled formation of a graded metal-ceramic (GMC) intermediate zone. The results of the graded coating spraying allow: (a) suppression of step-interface effects, (b) suppression of large differences (misfit) be-tween physical and mechanical constants of the coating and those of the substrate material, and (c) favor-able intergrowth of crystallites for a microstructurally integrated structure. Sprayed TBCs were investigated and compared with regard to their thermal cycling, oxidation behavior, and mechanical properties. The influence of crystal anisotropy changes on the resulting coating structure and properties is shown. On the basis of finite element (FE) calculations, the stress distribution within thermally cycled coating systems was analyzed. It is confirmed that the graded coating structure relaxes considerably the stresses resulting from the internal constraint due to thermal expansion difference between both metallic and ce-ramic materials. This stress distribution also decreases the gradient of elastic deformation and/or resid-ual stresses between the metal bond coat and top ceramic coating, and hence leads to a better thermal cycling behavior of the graded TBC systems. However, this advantage is not practical in every case, since the rapid oxidation of the metallic lamellae causes the ceramic phase in the GMC zone to undergo tensile stresses within a short thermal exposure time. The lifetime of duplex TBC systems that are under steady-state thermal load conditions is much higher than that of graded ones.     

AlN粉体表面抗水解涂层的制备及其对AlN陶瓷热导率的影响

提升AlN陶瓷粉体的抗水解性能对于其储存和成型加工至关重要。使用一种抗水解涂层作为阻止水分与AlN表面接触的屏障,以提升AlN粉体的抗水解性能。采用化学沉淀工艺在AlN粉体表面制备均匀、全包覆的非晶Y₂O₃涂层。利用TEM、XPS和Zeta电位测试详细研究了包覆层的有效性和完整性。通过测试室温下水基AlN悬浮液的pH-时间曲线以研究AlN粉体的水解性能。结果表明,经包覆处理的AlN粉体能够在水中保持稳定至48 h,这说明Y₂O₃表面包覆处理可以有效钝化AlN粉体,从而避免了其水解反应的发生。此外,与球磨工艺引入烧结助剂相比,化学沉淀工艺有利于提升AlN陶瓷的热导率。     

铝镁合金等离子喷涂复相陶瓷涂层微观组织

为解决铝镁合金表面耐磨性差的问题,利用机械球磨法和PVA造粒技术制备复合陶瓷粉末,采用等离子喷涂技术在XGFH-3铝镁合金表面制备了反应复相陶瓷涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了喷涂复合粉末和复相陶瓷涂层的形貌及组成.结果表明,复合粉末随着球磨时间的延长明显趋于扁平化和均匀化,并且生成了Al₃Ti,Ni₄Ti₃等新相.而在喷涂过程中Al₃Ti和Ni₄Ti₃中间相又会消失,涂层中出现了MgAl₂O₄和Ti₅Si₃等新相,基体和涂层之间有元素扩散,这使得涂层有良好的结合强度.     

Neodymium-cerium oxide as new thermal barrier coating material

Neodymium-cerium oxide (Nd₂Ce₂O₇) was proposed as a new thermal barrier coating material in this work. Monolithic Nd₂Ce₂O₇ powder was prepared by the solid-state reaction at 1400 °C. The phase composition, thermal stability and thermophysical properties of Nd₂Ce₂O₇ were investigated. Nd₂Ce₂O₇ with fluorite structure was thermally stable in the temperature range of interest for TBC applications. The results indicated that the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of Nd₂Ce₂O₇ was higher than that of YSZ (6-8 wt.% Y₂O₃ + ZrO₂) and even more interesting was the TEC change as a function of temperature paralleling that of the superalloy bond coat. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of Nd₂Ce₂O₇ is 30% lower than that of YSZ, which was discussed based on the theory of heat conduction. Thermal barrier coating of Nd₂Ce₂O₇ was produced by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) using the spray-dried powder. The thermal cycling was performed with a gas burner test facility to examine the thermal stability of the as-prepared coating.     

Sealing procedures for thick thermal barrier coatings

Zirconia-based 8Y₂O₃-ZrO₂ and 22MgO-ZrO₂ thick thermal barrier coatings (TTBC, 1000 μm), were studied with different sealing methods for diesel engine applications. The aim of the sealing procedure was to improve hot corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of porous TBC coatings. The surface of TTBCs was sealed with three different methods: (1) impregnation with phosphate-based sealant, (2) surface melting by laser glazing, and (3) spraying of dense top coating with a detonation gun. The thicknesses of the densified top layers were 50–400 μm, depending on the sealing procedure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed some minor phase changes and reaction products caused by phosphate-based sealing treatment and some crystal orientation changes and phase changes in laser-glazed coatings. The porosity of the outer layer of the sealed coating decreased in all cases, which led to increased microhardness values. The hot corrosion resistance of TTBCs against 60Na₂SO₄-40V₂O₅ deposit was determined in isothermal exposure at 650 °C for 200 h. Corrosion products and phase changes were studied with XRD after the test. A short-term engine test was performed for the reference coatings (8Y₂O₃-ZrO₂ and 22MgO-ZrO₂) and for the phosphate-sealed coatings. Engine tests, duration of 3 h, were performed at the maximum load of the engine and were intended to evaluate the thermal cycling resistance of the sealed coatings. All of the coatings passed the engine test, but some vertical cracks were detected in the phosphate-sealed coatings.