流动式海上水基钻井液EPS处理技术研究及应用

为更好解决海洋油气勘探开发中水基钻井液及钻井岩屑的废弃处置问题,对现有技术和工作模式进行了分析。对流动式EPS处理技术适用性进行了阐述,说明了工艺流程设计和使用的技术,在EPS工作船性能优选的基础上,建立了移动式海上水基钻井液废弃物的回收处理装置。通过在垦利油田群的实际应用,有效地解决相邻多个作业点的钻井液废弃物处理问题。该技术和装置在海上的成功应用,为以后水基钻井液及钻井岩屑的废弃处置问题在设备的选用和技术推广方面提供了借鉴,对更加经济有效地保护海洋环境具有重大意义。     

利用磷肥副产含氟硅胶制δ型层状结晶二硅酸钠

磷肥副产含氟硅胶经氨洗、水洗至中性后，与片状烧碱反应，制得模数为2．0的水玻璃，然后加3％的KCI作晶型转化剂，经煅烧制备δ型层状结晶二硅酸钠。实验得出制取中间产物水玻璃的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度720-800℃、反应时间40min；水玻璃煅烧制d型层状结晶二硅酸钠的最佳工艺条件是：煅烧保温温度600℃、保温时间30．50min。在最佳条件下，可得到钙离子交换量大于4A沸石的优质δ型层状结晶二硅酸钠。     

涪陵页岩气田平桥南区块钻井岩屑综合利用技术

涪陵页岩气田平桥南区块页岩气产能建设过程中产生的钻井岩屑,采用常规方法处理时存在处理费用高、占地面积大和危害环境等问题,为此探索研究了页岩气井钻井岩屑综合利用技术。分析了钻井岩屑的主要危害和目前常用岩屑处理技术的不足,结合现场实际情况提出了水基岩屑随钻固化制砖和水泥窑协同处置油基岩屑等关键技术,形成了涪陵页岩气田平桥南区块钻井岩屑综合利用技术。该技术在JY205-1HF井、JY199-4HF井和JY199-5HF井进行了现场试验,结果表明,采用该技术处理页岩气井钻井岩屑成本低,且清洁、环保,经济效益好。研究认为,该技术可有效解决常规钻井岩屑处理技术经济投入高、环保压力大等问题,为资源化利用钻井岩屑、绿色开发页岩气田开辟了新途径,具有良好的应用前景。      

水基钻屑絮凝压滤一体机的研制与应用

为解决钻井过程产生的钻井液及岩屑影响海洋环境的问题,降低限制排放区废弃物回收处置成本,达到固液分离以及钻屑过程减量的目的,研制了水基钻屑絮凝压滤一体机。该设备将絮凝罐与压滤机合二为一,能够减少50%以上的占地面积;同时进行了絮凝剂的优选和滤液回用评价,研究了适用于渤海海上平台钻屑和废钻井液现场减量化处置的新工艺。采用"环保体系+平台减量+EPS工作船"模式在秦皇岛33-1南油田进行了首次应用,将絮凝压滤一体机与EPS工作船对平台减量效果进行分析对比发现,絮凝压滤一体机占主导地位,岩屑减量与固体废弃物减量分别占89. 98%和90. 14%,使得絮凝压滤一体机替代EPS环保船成为可能。研究内容与结果对后续类似井的钻井作业具有一定的借鉴作用。     

烧结温度对掺加二次铝灰及钻井岩屑制备陶粒支撑剂性能的影响北大核心CSCD

目的钻井岩屑作为油气开发过程中所产生的固体废物,产生量巨大且资源化利用途径单一。使用钻井岩屑及二次铝灰协同制备水力压裂用陶粒支撑剂,不仅可有效拓宽钻井岩屑资源化利用途径,而且还可降低油气开发生产成本。方法采用二级铝矾土为主要原料,添加质量分数分别为20%的钻井岩屑和10%的二次铝灰,甲基纤维素作为黏结剂,于不同烧结温度下制备了低密度高强度压裂用陶粒支撑剂,研究烧结温度对支撑剂结构、晶相组成及其产品性能的影响。结果钻井岩屑须经预处理,以降低岩屑中有机物对后续生胚烧结的影响。当烧结温度为1300℃时,其主晶相为刚玉,次晶相为钡长石,支撑剂的体积密度为1.45 g/cm^(3),52 MPa闭合压力下破碎率为5.26%,满足SY/T 5108-2014《水力压裂和砾石充填作业用支撑剂性能测试方法》对0.38 mm/0.25 mm支撑剂的质量要求。结论烧结温度是制备陶粒支撑剂的关键控制参数。随着烧结温度的增加,支撑剂内部产生的液相将逐渐增多,有利于加快扩散和增大传质速率,促进支撑剂的致密化,但过多的液相则会导致支撑剂膨胀变形,对抗破碎能力产生不利影响。以钻井岩屑、铝灰、铝矾土为原料,适宜的烧结温度建议为1260~1300℃。     

一种预测钻井液产生泥球的室内实验方法

钻遇某些软泥岩地层时,钻井液上返过程中易形成泥包现象。为了预测钻井过程中所采用的钻井液是否会产生泥球,通过评价钻井液性能的常用设备,利用含水岩屑颗粒和一定粒径的钢球以及滚动老化模拟在井下岩屑随流体运动的过程,提出了具体的实验参数,建立了一种系统评价泥球产生情况的方法。实验结果表明,该方法可以对不同类型的钻井液在即将使用的过程中泥球产生情况进行预测。实验结果与现场实况相符,得到所试用的水基体系易产生泥球的条件为:滚动时间为20 min,目标温度为90℃;所试用油基体系易产生泥球的条件为:滚动时间为30 min,目标温度为120℃;同时该方法得到的实验结果还可作为优化钻井液性能的依据,提高钻井过程中的作业效率和安全性。      

1Cr5Mo合金无缝钢管的热处理工艺研究

为满足石油炼化装置对石油裂化无缝钢管的性能要求,开发了1Cr5Mo合金无缝钢管。以正火和回火温度、正火和回火保温时间为参数,采用优化试验方法,获得该钢管优化的热处理工艺为:正火温度920～960℃、正火保温时间60min;回火温度720～780℃、回火保温时间60min。按上述优化工艺获得钢管的最佳力学性能为:抗拉极限615MPa、屈服强度505MPa、伸长率23%、冲击功280J、硬度≤180HB;组织晶粒度为8.5级,各项性能均满足标准和用户的使用要求。     

G级高抗硫油井水泥稠化性能异常原因分析

针对中国部分G级高抗硫油井水泥存在稠化时间短、与外加剂配伍性差、触变性强的问题,以BG厂生产的G级高抗硫油井水泥为例,从水泥原料、熟料化学成分及生产工艺角度出发,结合现场水泥质量检测和水泥浆性能实验,分析了水泥浆稠化性能不合格的原因。结果表明,原料中Mg O含量过高及化学成分不稳定造成熟料中Mg O及C3A含量过高(分别为4.51%、7.21%),水泥中碱含量及f-Ca O含量过高(为1.97%)、SO3含量过低(为0.42%),煅烧温度低、窑内物料填充率高及冷却不充分,均会导致水泥浆稠化时间过短;水泥熟料中C3A和C4AF含量过高会导致水泥浆与外加剂配伍性不良,导致水泥浆稠化性能异常。     

绿色生物质灰催化剂用于合成生物柴油

以雪松灰为原料,采用一次煅烧 水化 二次煅烧的方法制备了雪松灰催化剂(绿色生物质灰催化剂),借助电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、同步热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜和Hammett指示剂法等手段对雪松灰催化剂进行了表征,考察了其在酯交换反应合成生物柴油中的催化性能。结果表明,雪松灰催化剂的活性物种为CaO,碱强度为98<H <150;在一次煅烧温度800℃、煅烧时间2 h,二次煅烧温度500℃、煅烧时间2 h,催化剂质量分数7%,催化时间5 h,醇/油的摩尔比14∶1,催化温度65℃的最佳条件下,生物柴油收率达到9152%;雪松灰催化剂具有较好的重复利用性能,第4次使用时,生物柴油收率仍能达到8203%。     

渤海油田钻井废弃物源头减量及资源化利用研究

渤海油田钻井过程中会产生大量的钻井废弃物,主要包括废弃钻井岩屑和废弃钻井液。随着油田开发井的增加,环境隐患、运输和处理处置成本不断增加。开展了源头减量和资源化利用的实验研究,采用负压微振过滤系统对海洋油田固控系统中的振动筛筛上物进行源头减量,采用“破胶-离心分离-臭氧气浮分离-陶瓷膜分离”工艺处理废弃钻井液,处理后的钻井液可回用配制新的钻井液。结果表明,入口岩屑含液率在100%以上,转速在24 r/min以内,滤布目数低于API160时,废弃钻井岩屑有很好的脱水效果,出口的岩屑含液率为21%~22%,回用配制新钻井液的净水中油的质量浓度在10 mg/L以下。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.