低温烧结法制备LZS系微晶玻璃及其性能

采用烧结法制备出LZS系微晶玻璃.使用DTA分析了玻璃的析晶过程,运用XRD、SEM等对晶相和晶粒大小进行了观察和分析,讨论了温度对烧结程度、主晶相、晶体微观形貌及热膨胀系数的影响.结果表明:当晶化温度低于725℃时,主晶相为硅酸锂锌,次晶相为Li2ZnSiO4并有少量石英;温度高于725℃时,主晶相转变为石英,次晶相为硅酸锂锌和Li2ZnSiO4,为长度在1.5μm左右的棒状晶体.在700～725℃之间烧结接近完成.最佳烧结温度为725℃.微晶玻璃热膨胀系数与烧结程度、晶相含量和主晶相的热膨胀系数有关.     

低维纳米立方相Li_4Mn_5O_(12)的制备及锂吸附性能

以MnSO4·H2O和(NH4)2S2O8为原料通过控制水热反应条件合成了纯的四方相β-MnO2纳米氧化物,进一步通过低温固相法制备了立方相Li4Mn5O12,经酸浸脱锂后得到对Li+具有特殊选择性的MnO2离子筛.用XRD、HRTEM、SAED、吸附等温线、吸附动力学及共存金属离子的分配系数等手段对产物的晶相结构和Li+选择性吸附性能进行了研究.HRTEM和SAED图像表明氧化物MnO2、前驱体Li4Mn5O12和离子筛MnO2均为低维纳米棒.离子筛的最大吸附量达到6.6mmol/g,且当Li+初始浓度仅为5.0mmol/L时,离子筛的吸附量即可达到约5.0mmol/g,这对于在海水或锂离子浓度极低的盐湖卤水提锂具有重要的实用意义.     

球磨工艺对锂离子电池正极材料Li_2FeSiO_4性能的影响

以碳酸锂、草酸亚铁、纳米二氧化硅为原料,采用机械球磨和固相法相结合的方法制备了Li2FeSiO4正极材料。考察了球磨工艺对Li2FeSiO4正极材料电化学性能的影响,结果表明:在丙酮为溶剂,固液比为7∶24,球磨时间12h条件下制备的Li2FeSiO4正极材料具有较好的电化学性能。     

纳米Li4Ti5O12/C复合材料的制备与性能

基于煅烧温度对Li4 Ti5O12粒径与反应性的影响,采用两步固相反应制备了纳米Li4 Ti5 O12/C复合材料,并采用XRD、SEM、TG/DTA、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)及充放电测试进行了表征.结果显示,无定形TiO2和Li2 CO3原料于600℃反应生成Li2TiO3和金红石TiO2复合物,晶粒基本无生长;高于700℃煅烧,复合物转化为Li4 Ti5 O12,但晶粒生长增速.在原料中掺入蔗糖于800℃一步固相反应制备Li4 Ti5O12/C复合材料,可显著抑制晶粒生长,但产物中含有金红石TiO2杂相,电化学性能不佳.采用两步固相反应,原料于600℃预热处理得到Li2TiO3/TiO2复合物,然后掺入蔗糖于800℃高温煅烧,可制得粒径约100～200nm的纯相Li4 Ti5O12/C复合材料,0.2C放电容量达167.3mAh/g,1C放电容量达163.1mAh/g,1C循环30周后容量保持率达96％.     

Li1.05Mn2O4的表面处理对其电化学循环性能的改进

用化学沉淀法在Li1.05Mn2O4表面包覆一层Mg(OH)2,然后进行热处理,制备出表面用MgO改性的Li1.05Mn2O4,并对材料进行了X射线衍射、恒电流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等测试.结果表明,表面改性Li1.05Mn2O4的初始容量几乎没有减少,有很好的循环性能.用2.83%MgO处理的材料,在0.5C放电速率下,循环20次后,25℃与55℃下的容量保持率分别为96%和90%以上.这种Li1.05Mn2O4的改性方法,工艺简单,易于操作,是改善尖晶石锂锰氧化物循环性能的一种有效方法.     

Li2CO3-B2O3-V2O5掺杂ZnO-TiO2陶瓷低温烧结的研究

以Li2CO3、B2O3和V2O53种常见的低熔点氧化物为烧结助剂,用传统固相法制备了Li2CO3-B2O3-V2O5掺杂的ZnO-TiO2微波介质陶瓷,并利用XRD、SEM等研究了ZnO-TiO2陶瓷的烧结行为、物相组成、显微结构特征及微波介电性能等。结果表明,当掺入3%(质量分数)Li2CO3-B2O3-V2O5时,在840℃烧结2h可制备出体积密度为4.99g/cm3的ZnO-TiO2陶瓷,达到理论密度的96.5%以上,εr、Q.f、τf分别约为24、22900GHz、-4×10-6/℃。     

尖晶石型Li1-xMgxMn2O4正极材料的制备和性质

采用高温固相分段反应法制备了尖晶石LiMn2O4和Mg2 掺杂的Li1-xMgxMn2O4(x=0.05、0.1)材料,对材料进行了XRD结构分析和电化学性能等测试,结果表明:Mg2 掺杂样品Li1-xMgxMn2O4(x=0.05、0.1)仍保持尖晶石相Fd3m结构;循环性能明显改善,室温条件下50次循环后,样品Li0.9Mg0.1Mn2O4的放电容量为100mAh/g,容量保持率为9.9%,而LiMn204容量衰减率仅为18.1%.     

TiO2离子筛的合成及锂吸附性能研究

以离子筛型氧化物为关键材料的锂离子选择性吸附技术是近年来盐湖卤水提锂的重要研究方向.采用商品TiO2经过研磨、焙烧浸锂、酸洗脱锂和干燥过程制备得到立方晶相尖晶石结构的TiO2离子筛,通过XRD和SEM对样品晶相结构和表面形貌进行了表征,探索了焙烧温度和Li/Ti比对离子筛前驱体结构的影响,进一步对Li+吸附性能进行了研究.结果表明,当Li/Ti摩尔比为0.9,TiO2和Li2CO3在1173K焙烧24h后得到了近乎为纯晶相的尖晶石结构Li4Ti5O12前驱体,经酸脱锂后得到对Li+具有记忆效应的TiO2离子筛,对Li+的平衡吸附量为2.530 mmol/g.     

层状Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)1-xTixO2材料的合成及性能研究

以Li2CO3,Ni(OH)2,MnCO3,TiO2为原料,采用高温固相合成法制备了层状Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)1-xTixO2.通过X射线衍射确定了不同钛掺杂量样品的相组成.用扫描电镜对组织形貌进行了观测.对用所制样品组装的电池的充放电和循环性能进行了测试.实验结果得出:所制备的Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)1-xTixO2的结构为α-NaFeO2型层状结构,当x=0.02时,Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)1-xTixO2的首次放电容量为161 mA·h/g,25次循环后容量仍保持在144 mA·h/g,具有较高的比容量和良好的循环性.     

掺杂磷酸钒锂材料的合成及改性研究

采用球磨喷雾辅助碳热还原法制备锂离子正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3,并通过金属离子掺杂技术对Li3V2(PO4)3进行改性.采用SEM、CV对掺杂Cr、Ti、Mg的材料(Li3V2(PO4)3(LVP-1)、Li3V1.8Cr0.2(PO4)3 (LVP-2)、Li3V1.8Ti0.2(PO4)3(LVP-3)、Li3V1.8Mg0.2(PO4)3(LVP-4))进行了形貌分析和电化学性能研究.结果表明:掺杂少量的Cr离子不影响材料的形貌,掺杂Ti、Mg离子改变了晶体材料的粒径;在充放电测试分析中,纯相材料的放电容量较高,但纯相材料的容量保持率比其他3种材料低;倍率性能测试同样表明Li3V1.8Mg0.2(PO4)3材料放电容量大且循环性能好.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.