基于独立子空间算法与集成策略的仪表微小故障诊断方法

针对流程工业中多仪表微小故障难以检测的问题,利用独立元分析(ICA)提取仪表变量的独立元信息,根据独立元贡献度矩阵构建独立元子空间,并分别在每个独立元子空间上根据不同的贡献率选择独立元个数,得出三个统计量及其控制限,建立故障检测模型。再综合所有子空间故障检测模型的检测结果,根据实际需求制定集成故障检测策略,最后通过贡献度算法对故障源进行识别和分离。对Tennessee Eastman过程数据的仿真实验结果表明独立子空间算法提高了微小故障的检测精度,在流程工业中多仪表故障诊断中配合不同的集成故障检测策略在应用中更具有灵活性。     

基于ICA-PCA的化工流程仪表故障诊断

传统的多元统计过程控制(MSPC)的故障诊断方法要求观测变量数据服从高斯分布,然而实际化工流程中的仪表数据中难以满足这一要求。针对这一问题,提出在仪表数据中提取分离出非高斯信息和高斯信息,并分别利用独立元分析法和主元分析法建立不同的故障诊断模型。在检测到发生故障后,通过改进的贡献度算法定位出发生故障的仪表。通过对Tennessee Eastman(TE)过程数据进行仿真研究,验证了ICA-PCA故障诊断法在化工流程仪表不同故障诊断中的有效性。     

基于Q统计量分量的故障检测算法研究

针对传统PCA故障检测算法的结果有定论不明确的缺陷,提出一种基于Q统计量分离的故障检测新方法,把Q统计量分为PVR和CVR,前者代表显著与主元有关的变量信息,后者代表与主元无明显关系的变量信息,再配合T2统计量共同用于监测过程,检测效果更细致.将此方法结合基于累积方差贡献率(CPV)和复相关系数(MCC)确定过程监测模型主元数的新方法,监测β-甘露聚糖酶发酵工业的过程,与传统的PCA故障检测方法比较,仿真研究结果表明该算法能够确保主元空间(PCS)中的信息存量,充分刻画过程变化,有效识别正常工况变化与故障,正确检测微弱故障,提高过程监控的准确性.     

基于独立元的k近邻故障检测策略

k近邻故障检测(fault detection based on k nearest neighbors,FD–k NN)方法能够提高具有非线性和多模态特征过程的故障检测率.由于系统故障通常由潜隐变量异常变化引起,而该类型故障并不能被观测数据直观表现,因此直接在观测变量上执行FD–k NN方法,其故障检测率降低.本文旨在提高FD–k NN方法针对潜隐变量故障的检测能力,提出基于独立元的k近邻故障检测方法.首先,通过对观测数据应用独立元分析(independent component analysis,ICA)方法,获得独立元矩阵;接下来在独立元矩阵中应用FD–k NN方法进行故障检测.这等同于直接监控过程潜隐变量的变化,可以提高过程故障检测率.通过非线性实例仿真实验,证明本文方法检测潜隐变量故障是有效的;同时,在半导体蚀刻工艺过程的仿真实验中,与主元分析(principal component analysis,PCA)方法、核主元分析(kernel principal component analysis,KPCA)方法、基于主元分析的k近邻故障检测(principal component–based k nearest neighbor rule for fault detection,PC–k NN)方法和FD–k NN方法进行对比,实验结果进一步验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于加权核独立成分分析的故障检测方法

针对核独立成分分析故障检测时忽略各独立成分分量对系统故障贡献度的差异, 提出一种基于加权核独立成分分析的故障检测方法. 使用核独立成分分析提取过程变量的独立成分, 根据核密度估计衡量各独立成分分量对系统故障的贡献度, 对各独立成分分量赋予不同权重, 突出包含有用信息的独立成分分量, 引入局部离群因子在特征空间构造统计量进行故障检测. 基于数值仿真和Tennessee Eastman 数据集的仿真结果表明了所提出方法的优越性.

     

基于动态高效潜结构投影的质量相关故障检测

高效潜结构投影(EPLS)算法是一种反映过程变量与质量变量相关关系的多变量统计分析方法,在质量相关故障检测中具有良好的检测效果.然而EPLS算法是一种静态检测模型,不能反映实际工业过程或装备测试中的动态特性,对动态过程中质量相关故障的检测率较低.为此,本文提出了一种基于自回归移动平均模型(ARMAX)的动态高效潜结构投影(D–EPLS)检测算法.该算法首先基于输入时滞值构建增广矩阵,反映工业以及装备测试过程中的动态特性;然后将增广矩阵分解为质量相关和质量无关空间分别进行故障检测;最后通过数值仿真和田纳西伊斯曼过程(TEP)验证算法有效性.实验结果表明所提算法能够更好的适应动态过程,并全面提高了质量相关故障的检测率.     

基于分段主元分析的变负荷过程监控方法

针对变负荷的多工况过程,提出了一种基于分段主元分析的监控方法。对于稳态工况,直接利用历史数据建立不同负荷下的主元监控模型。对于工况之间的过渡过程,根据先验知识可将其划分为跟踪时段和调节时段。在两大时段内分别将训练数据细分为多个子时段,进而在每一子时段内设定参考轨迹,利用训练数据与参考轨迹的残差建立主元监控模型,并采用改进的层次聚类算法合并特性相近的时段。在线监控时,根据负荷设定信息判断过程所处的工况,再选择相应的主元模型进行监控。在Alstom气化炉中的应用结果表明,该算法不仅能够避免传统多模型监控方法在工况过渡时出现的大量误警,也能在过渡过程中实现准确的故障检测。     

融合互信息与慢特性的火电机组异常监控

以大型火电机组为研究对象,提出了一种基于互信息(MI)和慢特性分析(SFA)的异常工况检测方法,用于提高工业过程中异常工况检测的准确率和效率。首先,根据过程变量和故障标签的MI值选取高于设定阈值的过程变量;然后,利用慢特征算法提取出特征矩阵,使用两种新的指标计算统计量,通过潜在变量模型的慢特征来检测过程数据的异常;最后,将该方法应用于汽轮机和引风机异常工况案例中,与传统算法的对比实验分析表明该方法有较强的工程应用价值。     

KICA模式匹配的动态过程监控与故障诊断方法

针对复杂化工过程具有的非线性、非高斯性和动态特征,提出了基于核独立成分分析(KICA)的模式匹配方法,用于动态过程监控和诊断。首先,利用滑动窗建立基准集与测试集的KICA模型,提取各自的核独立元:其次,融合余弦函数绝对值度量和距离度量,提出新的不相似度监控指标,识别训练与测试操作期间的相似模式,进行故障检测:最后,基于两类数据的核子空间之间的差异子空间,获得每个过程变量方向与该差异子空间之间的互信息,并定义新的非线性非高斯贡献度指标,进行故障诊断。基于污水处理过程的仿真结果表明,与主成分分析不相似度因子的方法、标准的独立成分分析(ICA)统计指标方法及标准的ICA T~2/SPE指标融合的贡献度方法相比,本文提出的方法具有更好的检测能力与故障诊断效果。     

独立成分相关分析的自适应故障监测方法

工业过程数据具有动态、非高斯等特性.独立成分分析(independent component analysis, ICA)既可以分析数据的非高斯形式,又可以极大地去除多变量间的耦合且满足独立性要求.本文引入粒子群算法优化ICA模型参数,自适应地确定独立成分个数.同时,提出一种基于隐马尔科夫链模型(hidden Markov model, HMM)的自适应检测限设计方法,将时间相关数据块的特征信息变化作为过程故障的检测依据.首先利用由时间窗方法确定的独立成分组成监测矩阵来训练HMM模型,旨在提高独立成分间相关性水平的表示能力;然后将得到的HMM模型对监测矩阵进行相关性评估,并在一定容许裕度的基础上设计评估值的自适应因子及检测限,并据此监测特征信息变化,动态地进行在线故障检测.最后, Tennessee Eastman (TE)仿真平台的实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性.     

Weighted part mutual information related component analysis for quality-related process monitoring

Industrial products have become the core of today’s highly competitive international society, but quality-related faults happened in practical industrial processes heavily affect product quality. In this paper, we will consider the problem of the detection of quality-related faults. Inspired by part mutual information (PMI), we develop a process monitoring method called weighted PMI based related component analysis (WPMI-RCA). Firstly, combining PMI and Bayesian weighted fusion, process variables strongly related to quality are selected with the supervision of multi-quality indicators. Then, the selected variables are modeled by related component analysis (RCA) and thus orthogonal related components (RCs) containing the main information of quality variations can be obtained. The process data space can be divided into two subspaces and the monitoring statistics are developed for the quality-related fault detection. Finally, the validity of WPMI-RCA is demonstrated by a numerical example and the benchmark Tennessee Eastman process (TEP). The proposed method can improve the detection rates of quality-related faults and significantly reduce the nuisance detections. It may be helpful to improve the management efficiency for practical industrial processes.     

基于递归稀疏主成分分析的工业过程在线故障监测和诊断

提出一种基于递归稀疏主成分分析(recursive sparse principal component analysis,RSPCA)的工业过程故障监测与诊断方法,可用于时变工业过程的自适应故障监测与诊断.通过引入弹性回归网,将主成分问题转化为Lasso与Ridge结合的凸优化问题,采用秩-1矩阵修正对协方差矩阵进行递归分解,递归更新稀疏载荷矩阵和监测统计量的过程控制限,以实现连续工业过程长时间自适应故障监测,对检测出来的故障通过贡献图法实现对故障的诊断.在田纳西-伊斯曼(TE)过程进行实验验证,结果表明,与传统的故障监测方法相比,所提出的方法有效降低了故障漏检率和误报率,且时间复杂度低,确保了故障监测的灵敏度和实时性.     

基于并发改进偏最小二乘的质量相关和过程相关的故障诊断

并发潜结构投影(CPLS)与传统贡献图法是多元统计过程监控中常用的故障检测与诊断方法.过程监控通常要求监测的时效性与诊断的准确性,然而,由于CPLS计算复杂以及传统贡献图诊断结果易受初始贡献较大的变量影响,因此它们反馈的监控结果可能并不准确.针对上述问题分别提出一种并发改进偏最小二乘(CMPLS)方法和新的相对贡献图法...     

Monitoring of quality-relevant and quality-irrelevant blocks with characteristic-similar variables based on self-organizing map and kernel approaches

Variables in quality-related process monitoring can be divided into quality-relevant and quality-irrelevant groups depending on the correlation with the quality indicator. These variables can also be separated into multiple sets in which variables are closely relevant to one another because of the interdependence of the process. Block monitoring with reasonable variable partition and reliable model can distinguish quality-related and quality-unrelated faults and improve monitoring performance. A block monitoring method based on self-organizing map (SOM) and kernel approaches is proposed. After collecting and normalizing the sample data including process variables and quality ones, the data matrix is transposed. The inverted samples are used as the input of SOM, and variables with the same behavioral characteristic and a close correlation are topologically mapped in a similar area. Accordingly, samples can be visually blocked into quality-relevant and independent subspaces. Given the nonlinearity of industrial process, kernel partial least squares (KPLS) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) are employed to monitor the two types of blocks. The information provided by fault detection can reveal the effects on quality indicators and the location of faults. Finally, the effectiveness of SOM-KPLS/KPCA is evaluated using a numerical example and the Tennessee–Eastman process.     

Ensemble modified independent component analysis for enhanced non-Gaussian process monitoring

As a multivariate statistical tool, the modified independent component analysis (MICA) has drawn considerable attention within the non-Gaussian process monitoring circle since it can solve two main problems in the original ICA method. Despite the diversity in applications, the determination logic for non-quadratic functions involved in the iterative procedures of MICA algorithm has always been empirical. Given that the MICA is an unsupervised modeling method, a direct rational study that can conclusively demonstrate which non-quadratic function is optimal for the general purpose of fault detection is inaccessible. The selection of non-quadratic functions is still a challenge that has rarely been attempted. Recognition of this issue and motivated by the superiority of ensemble learning strategy, a novel ensemble MICA (EMICA) modeling approach is presented for enhancing non-Gaussian process monitoring performance. Instead of focusing on a single non-quadratic function, the proposed method combines multiple base MICA models derived from different non-quadratic functions into an ensemble one, and the Bayesian inference is employed as a decision fusion method to form a unique monitoring index for fault detection. The enhanced fault detectability of the EMICA method is also illustrated on two industrial processes.     

Quality relevant nonlinear batch process performance monitoring using a kernel based multiway non-Gaussian latent subspace projection approach

Multiway kernel partial least squares method (MKPLS) has recently been developed for monitoring the operational performance of nonlinear batch or semi-batch processes. It has strong capability to handle batch trajectories and nonlinear process dynamics, which cannot be effectively dealt with by traditional multiway partial least squares (MPLS) technique. However, MKPLS method may not be effective in capturing significant non-Gaussian features of batch processes because only the second-order statistics instead of higher-order statistics are taken into account in the underlying model. On the other hand, multiway kernel independent component analysis (MKICA) has been proposed for nonlinear batch process monitoring and fault detection. Different from MKPLS, MKICA can extract not only nonlinear but also non-Gaussian features through maximizing the higher-order statistic of negentropy instead of second-order statistic of covariance within the high-dimensional kernel space. Nevertheless, MKICA based process monitoring approaches may not be well suited in many batch processes because only process measurement variables are utilized while quality variables are not considered in the multivariate models. In this paper, a novel multiway kernel based quality relevant non-Gaussian latent subspace projection (MKQNGLSP) approach is proposed in order to monitor the operational performance of batch processes with nonlinear and non-Gaussian dynamics by combining measurement and quality variables. First, both process measurement and quality variables are projected onto high-dimensional nonlinear kernel feature spaces, respectively. Then, the multidimensional latent directions within kernel feature subspaces corresponding to measurement and quality variables are concurrently searched for so that the maximized mutual information between the measurement and quality spaces is obtained. The I² and SPE monitoring indices within the extracted latent subspaces are further defined to capture batch process faults resulting in abnormal product quality. The proposed MKQNGLSP method is applied to a fed-batch penicillin fermentation process and the operational performance monitoring results demonstrate the superiority of the developed method as apposed to the MKPLS based process monitoring approach.     

基于广义主成分分析的重构故障子空间建模方法

在线故障诊断是工业过程中十分重要的问题.相比传统贡献图而言,基于重构的故障诊断受到特别关注.传统的主元分析方法没有考虑故障数据中同时包含正常工况信息和故障信息,因而提取出故障子空间对故障的描述准确性不足.为提高故障子空间的准确性,提出一种基于广义主成分分析的重构故障子空间建模方法.首先,同时考虑正常工况数据和故障数据,...     

基于多变量频域分解的动态时频过程监控方法研究

提出一种基于多变量频域分解的新型动态时频监控方法.结合已有的频域独立成分分析方法以及带约束的非负分解处理,引入时间滑动窗口,在短时窗内动态提取多重主导功率频谱.提出了多种趋势图,以及反映过程变量对主导频谱贡献程度的显著度指标图.该方法能有效地监控过程系统中主导成分的频率、能量的变化趋势以及过程变量的贡献度,适合于非稳态过程监控以及故障检测与定位.仿真实验表明了该方法是可行的.