多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉内火焰声学特性分析

气化炉内火焰声学信号是表征水煤浆气化炉内火焰燃烧及流动特性的重要信息。为了更好地了解气流床气化炉内撞击火焰的燃烧特性及其对气化炉的影响,在多喷嘴对置式气流床气化炉中,进行了两喷嘴撞击火焰和四喷嘴撞击火焰的变工况试验。应用统计理论和Hilbert-Huang变换对炉内火焰声学信号分别进行了时域和频域的分析。结果表明,随着燃料或氧气的增大,火焰化学反应速率加快,燃烧越来越剧烈,火焰的稳定性越来越差,其中氧气对火焰的影响大于燃料。四喷嘴工况的撞击火焰噪声的标准偏差值要大于两喷嘴,但标准偏差随工况的变化小于两喷嘴,说明四喷嘴撞击火焰燃烧剧烈但稳定。低氧燃比工况时,四喷嘴能量和频率的分布主要集中在45 Hz以下的低频段和45～100 Hz的中频段,比两喷嘴工况更集中于低频段。     

煤气化技术工业应用概况及工艺选择(下)

正1.3气流床气化工艺气流床气化工艺有干法进料和湿法进料2种形式,将煤粉(粒度100μm)或煤浆与气化剂一起由喷嘴高速喷入气化炉,气化炉内气流速率超过颗粒夹带气速,气固并流运动并发生高温燃烧和气化反应(约1 500℃),煤灰呈熔融状排出气化炉。气流床气化的高温、高压、强混合过程有利于提高气化强度,具有生产能力大、碳转化率高、煤气     

撞击式气流床气化炉压力波动的周期性分析

在双喷嘴对置气流床气化炉热模平台上,对炉内压力波动特性进行了试验研究。把小波变换和FFT相结合,验证了R/S分析方法是测量气化炉压力波动周期性的有力工具。采用R/S分析计算出Hurst指数,说明气流床气化炉内的压力波动具有分形特征,同时发现压力波动存在周期成分,从统计意义上计算出压力波动频率为0.067 Hz。用小波变换进行滤波后,再对低频信号进行FFT,得出主频约为0.053 Hz,二种方法结果吻合得比较好。用高速摄像仪对气化火焰拍照,并用“乘法串级过程”思想,解释了压力波动产生机理。     

多喷嘴对置式气化炉内颗粒挥发分火焰可视化研究

基于实验室规模多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉及其可视化装置,研究了气化炉喷嘴平面非射流区颗粒挥发分燃烧过程。结合图像处理技术,在气化条件下对粒径小于300 μm颗粒挥发分火焰尾迹形态及变化过程进行分析。研究结果表明,颗粒挥发分火焰非典型包络型火焰,而是形成挥发分火焰尾迹。颗粒挥发分尾迹形态受颗粒脱挥发分所处阶段和颗粒相对于气流的运动状态的影响,随时间不断变化。颗粒挥发分最大火焰尺寸随颗粒粒径增加而增加。气流床气化还原性气氛条件下颗粒挥发分燃烧时间较颗粒在富氧气氛中燃烧时间显著增加。     

气化炉工艺烧嘴的运行监控及管理

水煤浆气化工艺属气流床气化工艺。其原理是将水煤浆与气化剂(纯氧)通过装在气化炉顶的特殊设备——工艺烧嘴(通过氧流股与煤浆流股的动量交换),达到雾化煤浆的目标,为炉内的气化与燃烧过程创造条件,煤浆喷入高温气化炉内进行快速气化反应得到产物煤气。烧嘴     

水煤浆加压气化炉的改进

德士古水煤浆加压气化炉是一种两相并流的非催化气流床火焰型反应炉型，水煤浆在炉内被高效雾化成小煤粒并迅速蒸发，干燥、裂解后与炉内的氧气及水蒸气发生氧化、还原反应，气化反应进行得如何直接决定于煤粒在气化炉内的停留时间，因此，煤粒在气化炉内的停留时间对气     

浅析GSP气化工艺煤粉输送系统稳定性操作及其对气化过程的影响

煤粉输送系统对气流床气化炉的稳定运行至关重要,从载气流量、给料容器的流化气量、系统压差以及煤粉的性质等角度分析了影响煤粉输送系统稳定性的因素,同时对煤粉输送系统的参数进行了优化。从气化炉内煤粉与气化剂的混合过程、煤粉在气化炉内的停留时间的角度讨论了煤粉输送系统的稳定性对气化效果的影响。     

基于热传导原理的气化炉内高温测量方法研究

受高温熔渣和气流影响,气流床气化炉内的温度测量往往十分困难,需要一种简单准确的方法来测量炉内温度.文中基于一维热传导原理,设计了带吹扫和水冷结构的气流床气化炉内高温测量装置.通过对气化炉壁面传热过程分析,提出了能够估算炉内温度的公式,并利用黑体炉中的实验数据拟合出了公式内的待定常数.在实验室小型水冷壁气化炉内用2种气化...     

二段组合式气化炉的数值模拟

二段组合式气化炉利用化学反应方式回收高温煤气中的显热,能有效地提高现有气流床气化技术的能量利用效率。文中利用Fluent中的PDF燃烧模型和多孔介质模型,对该组合式气化炉进行了数值模拟研究,模拟计算结果与实验值吻合较好,验证了模型的可行性。模拟结果表明:一段燃烧区的撞击流有效促进了热质传递,在一段喷嘴平面区域产生了强烈的回流,并且模拟得到了2股射流火焰撞击形成的"花瓣型"火焰形状;在二段固定床两侧存在压降,气流和温度在床层内的径向分布更加均匀,并且二段固定床能够影响水蒸气变换反应的进行。文中的模拟结果为二段组合式气化炉的工艺和结构设计提供参考。     

化肥造气技术的现状和前景

评述了近年来煤气化领域的最新进展;提出了对改造或新建合成氨厂的具体建议,即对于小型合成氨厂, 可以采用连续气化代替间歇气化、气化型煤代替无烟煤 （或焦炭） 或选用循环流化床气化炉; 对于中型合成氨厂, 可以采用连续气化或气流床气化技术; 对于大型合成氨厂,则采用气流床气化技术、流化床气化燃烧一体化技术或者采取Ｌｕｒｇｉ炉和湿法气流床（如Ｔｅｘａｃｏ炉） 联用的方法．     

Experimental Study on a Hot‐Oxygen Burner in a Bench‐Scale Gasifier

The direct‐ignition technology of an entrained‐flow coal‐water slurry gasifier with hot‐oxygen burner (HOB) is presented. Experimental tests were carried out using diesel oil and coal‐water slurry in a bench‐scale entrained‐flow opposed multi‐burner (OMB) gasifier. Using a CCD camera equipped with high‐temperature endoscope, flame images inside the gasifier were recorded and subsequently processed. The results show that the HOB diesel flame is more stable than the normal two‐channel burner flame typically used. Entrained‐flow coal‐water slurry gasifiers can start up using the HOB directly without a higher preheated wall temperature. An HOB can potentially save gasifier preheating time and operation costs and enables a wide range of future applications.     

Conversion of Biomass Based Slurry in an Entrained Flow Gasifier

A two‐step process, BIOLIQ, with pyrolysis and subsequent entrained flow gasification has been developed at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe to produce synfuel from biomass. Experiments in a 60 kW pilot‐scale atmospheric entrained flow gasifier allow quantitative evaluation of the combustion behavior of biomass‐based slurry, leading to a better understanding of the gasification process.     

加压气流床煤气化工艺的发展现状及存在问题

介绍了国内外开发的主要加压气流床煤气化工艺的发展现状,包括德士古气化、E-Gas气化、壳牌和普兰福气化、GSP气化、多喷嘴水煤浆加压气流床气化、两段喷干煤粉的气流床加压气化等,列举出这些气化技术中目前存在的主要问题,并对其解决途径进行了探讨,提出了一些建议。     

On the scaling-up of a two-stage air blown entrained flow coal gasifier

A two-stage air blown entrained flow gasifier is being developed in Japan for the IGCC process. However, its scale-up up faces significant difficulties because of ash/slag deposition problems. The ash/slag deposition in the gasifier depends on both the ash properties and entrainment produced by the swirling gas flow. Therefore, the flow hydrodynamics are critical issues for the control of the ash behavior. In this paper, a comprehensive simulation model is used to examine the effects of the gasifier geometry and jet configuration on the flow hydrodynamics in order to control the ash deposition on the gasifier walls. A swirl number for the multi-stage injection swirling gas flow is defined and proved to be the most important hydrodynamic scaling law for the entrained flow gasifier.     

撞击流对火焰稳定性影响的试验研究

研究了射流火焰噪声和撞击式火焰噪声,对比两者以探求撞击流对火焰稳定性的影响。对火焰噪声信号进行频谱分析（FFT）,结果表明,射流火焰噪声包含燃烧噪声和喷流噪声,火焰噪声以燃烧噪声为主,撞击式火焰噪声是主频约420Hz的高频噪声,由燃烧噪声、喷流噪声和撞击区燃烧噪声组成。撞击式火焰噪声频谱图表明,撞击流强化了气化燃烧,有利于火焰的稳定,对气化炉的稳定运行有重大意义。     

射流携带床气化炉内宏观混合过程研究(Ⅱ)停留时间分布

以双通道交叉射流喷嘴为射流源,在直径1000mm、高4000mm的大型冷模装置上,测定了射流携带床气化炉内的停留时间分布;利用网络合成技术,构筑了停留时间分布的后短路T混合模型,得到了停留时间分布密度函数的显式数学表达式;给出了实验范围内模型参数与无量纲相似准数Ct和喷嘴环隙与中心射流动量比G_r之间的关系。     

Simulation of petcoke gasification in slagging moving bed reactors

A mathematical model for simulation of moving bed petcoke gasifiers was developed. The model introduces a new feed characterization method, gas-phase resistance and volatilization models. The model is validated using reported data for a slagging gasifier. Effect of feed oxygen-to-coke and steam-to-coke ratios and feed coke rates on gasification performance was examined. Slagging zone moving bed gasifier operation with very high petcoke fluxes of over 4000 kg/m²/h was possible with high petcoke conversion. Peak gas temperatures exceeded 1500 °C. Fluxes higher than 5000 kg/m²/h are limited by an approach to fluidization of small particles in the combustion zone. The moving bed gasifier performance was found superior to performance of an entrained flow gasifier (EFG) with respect to energy efficiency and oxygen consumption.     

二次氧量对分级气化炉气化特性的影响

分级给氧气流床气化炉具有碳转化率高、炉内混合过程强烈、喷嘴附近温度较低等优点。本文采用CFD数值模拟的方法研究了二次氧量变化对气化炉运行特性的影响,分析比较了不同二次给氧量下相交射流火焰特性的变化,及相交射流对煤气化炉炉内整体混合过程、煤气化特性的影响。发现当二次给氧量下降时,受炉内回流流场的影响,二次火焰明显随回流发生偏斜,壁面温度升高。当二次给氧量小于总给氧量的8%时,其射流动量不足以影响主射流产生的宏观流场。     

Support studies for the U-GAS coal gasification process. Part II: Combustion characteristics

This is the second part of a series of papers providing the details of support studies conducted as part of the development of the U-GAS fluidized-bed coal gasification process. (Part I: Fluidization; published in Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 17(2) (1987) 169–186). The medium-Btu industrial fuel gas (IFG) produced in the gasifier, which consists mainly of CO, H₂, CO₂, and CH₄, was evaluated for its combustion characteristics in a sub-scale, spud-type boiler burner. The gas was evaluated for flame stability, furnace efficiency, flame temperatures, flame size, and pollutants created. In the event of planned or unscheduled gasifier downtime, a gas mixture consisting of 30% natural gas and 70% air has been proposed as a backup to the industrial fuel gas-produced in the U-GAS process. The proposed backup gas was tested according to the same criteria to determine its suitability as a temporary replacement fuel. The combustion characteristics of these gases were compared with the combustion characteristics of natural gas.