远程水声扩频通信时变多普勒估计与码片同步联合处理算法

在低信噪比的远程浅海水声移动通信中,传统多普勒估计算法难以有效跟踪时变多普勒因子,针对该问题提出了一种基于时频联合搜索的新的时变多普勒跟踪算法。利用正交支路扩频码的扩频增益和互相关特性,结合迭代处理技术,搜索扩频码符号在不同码片相位下的多普勒频谱峰值,选择具有最大峰值的频谱对应的多普勒因子和码片相位,对信号进行多普勒补偿和码片同步。蒙特卡洛仿真表明,该算法能够在信噪比为-18 dB的情况下有效地对10 m.s~(-1)以内产生的时变多普勒进行逐符号跟踪补偿。算法经过海试测试,在远程浅海移动通信中成功完成了多普勒跟踪估计,通信误码率达到10~(-3)。     

毫米波调频步进雷达运动补偿方法研究

毫米波调频步进（chirp-step frequency , Chirp-SF）雷达是一种距离高分辨率雷达,但是存在严重的距离 速度耦合问题,所以实现运动目标的距离高分辨必须进行运动补偿。文章提出了一种把脉冲多普勒（Pulse Doppler）测速和基于Chirp-SF信号的时域相关法测速相复合的方法。仿真结果表明该方法测速精度高,算法简单,速度快。     

一种激光多普勒信号的频率估计算法

分析了激光多普勒回波信号的特征,提出了一种激光多普勒信号的频率估计算法.用FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)技术求得信号的自相关函数,并由功率谱得到信号频率的粗估计,然后用粗估计值对自相关函数移频,并根据移频信号自相关函数在一点的相位,估计频偏,对粗估计进行频率校正得到频率估计值.在进行信号频率粗估计和求相位时,利用计算过程中得到的结果和FFT因子的对称性,减少运算量.仿真结果表明,本算法有较小的均方根误差和平均绝对误差,应用于激光多普勒测速实验,结果与仿真一致.     

水声宽带信号的多普勒补偿

当收发平台相对运动时,水声信道表现出明显的多普勒效应.多普勒效应会引起接收信号频率的偏移,对宽带信号来说,频率偏移值随频率的大小变化,不能简单地用固定频偏进行补偿.选用OFDM信号作为对象,对水声宽带信号的多普勒补偿进行研究,基于Sharif的研究提出了改进算法,分两步进行补偿.仿真结果表明了算法的可行性,并通过对海试数据的处理进行试验验证.     

机动车雷达测速仪角度修正值实测分析

一、机动车雷达测速仪（以下简称“雷达”）工作原理 当雷达以一个固定的频率向目标发射连续波信号时，如果目标相对于雷达运动（接近或远离），则雷达收到的反射波将会发生频率变化，且相对运动的速度越快，接收频率相对发射频率的变化量就越大。这种雷达的工作原理采用的是多普勒效应。多普勒效应是由奥地利物理学家多普勒（J.C．Doppler）在1842年发现的，该效应引起的频率变化量称为多普勒频率机）山与其他变量之间存在如下数学关系（如图1所示）：     

宽带声学多普勒流速剖面仪球面散射回波模型研究

宽带声学多普勒流速剖面仪通过处理水下体积回波信号进行流速估计,回波模型的准确度决定了理论仿真的正确性。针对回波的散射特性,通过分析水层回波信号的时空关系,提出一种球面散射水层回波模型,并利用坐标旋转方法推导出该水层回波解析式。相比其他方法,该模型解析式充分体现了散射体模型形状对回波的作用,更加接近实际情况。对该模型下回波信号进行频谱和自相关特性分析,采用复相关算法估算流速。通过与实测数据进行对比,结果证明了该回波信号模型与解析式的正确性。     

回波信号限幅对声学多普勒测速偏差的影响

声学多普勒测速设备常采用复协方差算法测量多普勒频移，当回波信号出现限幅时会产生频移测量偏差，进而导致测速偏差。文章基于复协方差算法分析了回波信号限幅引起多普勒测速偏差问题的原因，得出限幅后频移测量偏差随真实频移变化而呈现正弦振荡变化的规律，分别使用窄带和宽带发射信号完成回波限幅仿真计算。基于声学多普勒测速仿真器和海上试验完成了对声学多普勒测速设备回波限幅数据的采集，仿真和试验数据结果与理论分析结果一致。     

宽带声学多普勒流速剖面仪的中频正交采样算法

宽带声学多普勒流速剖面仪(Broadband Acoustic Doppler Current Profile,BBADCP)发射由伪随机编码调制的正弦信号,信号带宽在频域上产生展宽,成为带通信号。宽带回波信号的处理多采用正交解调的方法,但此方法对采样率的要求较高,硬件较难实现。利用数字中频正交采样法来实现,大大降低了采样频率,并且针对BBADCP解模糊速度的要求,进行了宽带回波信号的仿真试验,结果证明插值的数字中频正交采样法适合于BBADCP的信号处理。     

雷达接收机性能粗略测试方法及实现

为了对雷达接收机性能进行在线测试,本文提出一种雷达接收机性能粗略测试方法,该方法是根据固定地物回波的信杂比来估测雷达的工作性能,文中给出该方法中固定目标回波信号的捕获算法、信杂比计算方法、接收机性能粗略测试的硬件实现及软件控制流程。     

非合作导航信号盲检测与参数盲估计

为了实现非合作导航信号的监测,研究了非合作导航信号的多普勒频率、伪码速率、伪码周期、信号功率、码序列等参数的估计.在描述全球卫星导航系统( GNSS)信号模型和GNSS监测系统体系结构的基础上,给出了GNSS信号检测与参数估计流程,提出了一套非合作导航信号盲检测与参数盲估计方法,即利用导航信号循环平稳特性估计信号频率、...     

Microwave imaging of moving objects

Microwave images for objects in motion can be obtained with quality as good as those obtained in the stationary case if the signal waveforms, data acquisition systems, and image reconstruction algorithms are cleverly designed. The principle of imaging for objects in motion is to eliminate the gross Doppler effect of the echo signals and only reserve the differential Doppler information to reconstruct the image. Accordingly, requirements for parameters of the signal waveform are established. Two steps are involved in the image reconstruction algorithm: range alignment and phase compensation. Focused images of complex-shaped targets with simulated motion have been obtained experimentally.     

基于频域变采样的OFDM水声移动通信多普勒补偿算法

针对正交频分复用技术(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)在水声移动通信条件下存在对多普勒频偏敏感的缺陷,提出了一种基于频域变采样技术的多普勒补偿算法。利用移动通信条件下OFDM子载波正交性不变的特点,通过频域变采样实现对多普勒的快速补偿,并采用编码反馈校验技术跟踪系统多普勒变化,达到了OFDM移动通信条件下实时通信的目的。仿真和水池实验结果证实:频域变采样多普勒补偿算法不仅可以实时地跟踪通信载体运动变化,快速补偿多普勒,同时大幅降低了时域变采样多普勒补偿算法的计算量,降低了通信系统硬件平台复杂度。     

Practical considerations in pulse-echo radar for short rangesensing

In this paper, we present the principle of operation, design, and testing of a pulse echo radar unit that utilizes the properties of short helical antennas. Data was captured for targets approaching the radar at three different controlled velocities, three different target sizes, and three radar range gate settings. These data reveal the expected Doppler frequency as well as a second anomalous frequency. The effects of multipath signals, separated transmit and receive antennas, and direct antenna coupling are used to explain this anomalous frequency. These effects are mathematically simulated, and the results compare favorably with the test data     

Analysis of handoff algorithm-based on Doppler effect and RSSI measurements in GSM-R network

Compared with other kinds of networks, the mobiles in GSM for railway networks move faster, so the Doppler effect is more severe. A proposed handoff algorithm based on Doppler effect and RSSI measurements is evaluated. The algorithm performs handoff when the Doppler frequency shift value is negative and the measured signal strength of the adjacent base station exceeds that of the serving base station by a hysteresis level. The hysteresis level varies with different Doppler shift values. The average number of handoffs, average delay of handoffs, and average dropped calls are adopted as criteria for performance. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the Doppler-effect-based algorithm. The proposed algorithm is compared with two other handoff algorithms. One is based on absolute and relative signal strength measurements; the other on hysteresis variable. It is found that the proposed handoff algorithm performs better than the other two handoff algorithms in log-normal fading environments.     

Approximate Cramer-Rao bound on Doppler error in correlation-processing relatively narrowband noise radar

Limitations on accuracy of Doppler estimation in continuous-wave noise radar with correlation processing are studied. Second-order properties of output of the correlation receiver are evaluated and an approximate Cramer-Rao bound on errors of Doppler measurement is derived. The accuracy of Doppler measurements is found to be affected by the following factors: power spectral density of noise signal, frequency response of the low-pass filter in correlator, observation time, velocity of the target and signal to noise ratio. It is shown that the random nature of the transmitted signal induces additional fluctuations at the output of correlator which limit the accuracy even in the infinite signal to noise case. Qualitative extension of the results to a case covering multiple targets and clutter is made. It is argued that the performance will decrease and that increasing transmitted power may not provide significant improvement when clutter is present.     

伪随机码超声扩频测距系统设计与算法

针对单脉冲回波方式的超声测距方法存在的缺陷,借鉴雷达中的脉冲压缩技术,介绍了基于伪随机二进制序列(m序列)的超声扩频测距实现方法.伪随机码与超声载波采用ASK(幅移键控)调制方式,介绍了伪随机码超声扩频测距硬件方案和超声测距时延估计模型.针对超声换能器带宽特性和单脉冲回波特点,分析了m序列参数设计方法.提出了一种基于FFT的伪随机码包络相关快速时延估计算法,该算法将信号解调与匹配相关融合,大大降低了运算量.实验表明,本文介绍的伪码超声扩频测距硬件方案和快速算法可在便携式超声测距系统中实现,并可在多基站超声定位系统中推广使用.     

OMAP平台嵌入式声学多普勒流速剖面仪系统设计与实现

在TI公司OMAP-L137双核平台的基础上,对嵌入式声学多普勒测流系统进行设计和实现,并通过实验对系统测流精度和性能进行验证。先通过中频正交采样构建回波复包络信号,再采用复相关算法检测信号的频移进行流速测量。在文中对算法进行了研究和原理分析。OMAP中的DSP核主要负责回波处理,系统设计包括系统控制、数据通信、信号处理等。结合仿真测试,并通过某湖水下实验对设备进行了精度和性能验证,获得了良好的测流效果并且系统具有很好的稳定性,达到了预期的设计指标。对于嵌入式平台水声设备的研制有一定的参考价值。