抑制开关磁阻电机振动的结构设计研究

开关磁阻电机(SRM)应用于众多领域,但是本身的结构使其比其他传统电机有更大的振动和噪声,因此抑制SRM振动仍是研究的热门领域。为了抑制电机的振动,设计了一种新型的电机结构,即在转子两侧开孔,并在此基础上对定子齿顶开槽。以一台7.5 kW、1 500 r/min、12/8极SRM为例,通过有限元分析仿真,对新型电机结构进行参数化计算,并得到最优结构。在保证平均转矩基本保持不变的情况下,减小了转矩脉动以及径向力。与原始电机相比,转矩脉动系数下降了16.01%,径向力峰值下降了19.96%。因此,证明了该方法对SRM振动抑制有较好的效果,对后续SRM设计及控制具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Application of the Integrated Diode Synchronous Motor to Traction Drive Motors

In this study, a traction drive electric motor was designed with a new magnet‐free motor design technique where electromagnets are generated on a rotor by utilizing changes in the spatial second harmonic of the magnetic fields. To apply the proposed technique to electric motor design, balancing the rotor and stator magnetomotive force is important. This paper presents design methods for adjusting the rotor and stator magnetomotive forces. A test motor was designed with these design methods and evaluated using a motor bench. The analytical and measurement data indicated that the proposed motor performed comparably to magnet motors.     

基于磁链分析模型的开关磁阻电动机数字仿真

提出基于磁链的开关磁阻电动机(SRM)分析模型。该模型仅仅需要电机几何尺寸和材料电磁参数,不需要实验测量数据或者有限元分析数据,为计算机辅助设计、仿真分析以及预测电机性能提供了分析模型。该模型通过Matlab/simulink来实现。其仿真结果与有限元分析软件Ansoft分析结果吻合。该文将上述分析模型应用于1台550W 6/4极三相开关磁阻电动机的非线性仿真研究中。仿真结果反映了SR电机实际工作特性,有限元分析结果验证了该分析模型的可应用性。     

Brushless DC Motors Using Unsymmetrical Field Magnetization

The prevalent types of brushless dc motors have evolved from the classical synchronous machine structures, using two-phase, three-phase, or four-phase stator windings and symmetrical N-S field magnetization patterns. The popular two-phase two-pulse brushless motor requires auxiliary means for starting and for ensuring relatively constant torque with rotor position. Three methods are used: 1) skewed stator poles, which introduce unsymmetrical air-gap reluctance and the resultant unsymmetrical air-gap magnetic field, 2) the Wessels design, which uses a rotor pole pattern of north-south-zero (N-S-0) and auxiliary stator poles, and 3) a combination of N-S-0 rotor pattern and 1200 electrical (el) pitch stator coils to produce an unsymmetrical air-gap magnetic field. The electromagnetic torque produced by motors using each of these methods is calculated using the coenergy method.     

真空干泵用横向磁通开关磁阻电机对比分析

为了解决真空泵用电机工作在真空环境中,转子不易散热的问题,需要严格控制真空泵用电机的温升,从而提高系统运行的稳定性。开关磁阻电机（SRM）转子无绕组,转子损耗较小,整体温升较低,对于提升真空泵用驱动电机的性能具有重要意义。在传统SRM的基础上,设计了一款真空泵用横向磁通SRM,由于定子绕组空间较大,有利于电机散热,进一步减少了定子的损耗,从而降低了电机的整体温升。最后,对同功率、同体积的异步电机、径向SRM和横向磁通SRM进行了温度场、轴承的热应力和热形变的对比分析。结果表明,横向磁通SRM的温升、轴承的热应力和热形变均最小,说明横向磁通SRM作为真空泵用驱动电机的可行性。     

A brushless electric motor with a transverse magnetic flux and disk rotor

Brushless permanent magnet machines (BPMMs) have a greater efficiency and smaller overall dimensions than do other types of machines and are widely used in electric drives for various purposes. Two types of BPMMs are used in practice: BPMMs with a classical double-layer-distributed stator winding and BPMMs with a toothed-step stator winding. There exists another type of BPMM with a transverse magnetic flux (transverse flux motors, TFMs) which is being actively studied. In TFM electric motors, the magnetic lines of fluxes of the poles of rotor end perpendicular to the direction of rotor rotation. Stator windings in these machines are fabricated as rings coaxial with rotor, and the magnetic circuit of stator consists of separate fragments. Specialists assert electric TFMs have a higher specific power—the ratio between the output power and the mass of the machine—than the electric motors of other type. They are of interest, first and foremost, for electric drives without reducing gears. In most TFM, only a half of the poles of rotor are magnetically connected with circular phases of stator. In this work, the TFM design with disk rotor is described, in which the magnetic flux of all poles of rotor is coupled to the circular phases of stator. The stator magnetic circuit in this machine consists of P-like elements, and alternation of polarity of these elements is provided due to the change of their position. As a result, the magnetic flux coupled to the circular phase increases doubles, as do the machine torque and power. Some results of modeling of a three-phase electric motor are presented. The results were obtained using the Ansys Maxwell computer code, including a graph of the change of torque on the shaft of a machine under rotation of the rotor under conditions of sinusoidal currents in phases.     

Proposal and Feasibility Study of the Integrated Diode Synchronous Motor

This paper presents a new type of magnet‐free motor that has concentrated stator windings and rotor coils with a pair of diodes. The most important feature of this motor is that currents in the rotor coils can be generated by utilizing the changes in the spatial second harmonic of the magnetic fields due to the concentrated stator windings, which normally increase motor losses. A prototype of the motor was designed and fabricated, and its basic performance was evaluated. First, using simplified analytic models, we explain the mechanism of inducing currents in the rotor coils by the changes in the spatial second harmonic of the magnetic fields. Second, we compare the torque performance of the proposed motor and that of other types of motors including a magnet motor through finite‐element analyses. The analyzed data show that the proposed motor can possess greater torque/volume ratio than that of the other motors. Finally, using the measured data, we validate the mechanism of inducing currents in the rotor coils, and examine the torque and power characteristics of the motor.     

Mathematical simulation of a high-speed single-phase machine with alternating current direction

A new design of a single-phase flux reversal machine (FRM) and a procedure of mathematical simulation of the FRM are described in this article. Technical features of the FRM (such as efficiency, specific power, and specific torque) that are close to those of synchronous motors with magnets on the rotor have greater reliability for high speed applications. The main advantages of an FRM involve the absence of permanent magnets or electric conductors on a rotating rotor and their being positioned on a stator. The new design of a single-phase FRM consists of a rotor with four teeth and a stator with four teeth and a magnetic system. The magnetic system on the stator teeth surface has two magnets on each stator tooth and generates two magnetic poles on each one. The adjacent poles on the adjacent teeth of stator are similar. The total angular size of new design is slightly less than the perimeter of the circle. Therefore, the stator surface is much better used (unlike the prototype), which results in an increase in the specific power and power efficiency, as well as a decrease in the cost of the FRM. A method for mathematical simulation of an FRM that is based upon solving magnetostatic problems with common geometry is proposed. Different positions of the rotor are simulated by joining boundary conditions. The method allows one to determine the electric losses in steel and magnets in postprocessing.     

Novel Two-Phase Switched Reluctance Machine Using Common-Pole E-Core Structure: Concept, Analysis, and Experimental Verification

A novel two-phase switched reluctance machine (SRM) with a stator composed of E-core structure having minimum stator core iron is proposed. The E-core stator has three poles with two poles at the ends having windings and a center pole containing no copper windings. The center stator pole in the E-core is shared by both phases during operation. The air gap around the common stator pole has constant and minimum reluctance irrespective of rotor position by its unique design, and the two remaining stator poles at the ends experience variable reluctance with respect to rotor position. The stator is constructed with two independent and physically separate E-cores, and the rotor is composed of ten poles. Other pole combinations are possible. Phase excitation in the novel SRM gives short flux paths, hence reducing the magnetomotive force required to drive the machine, resulting in significant reduction of copper wire and core losses compared to existing two-phase SRMs with flux paths that traverse the entire stator back iron. The concept and principle of operation of this novel SRM and its comparison to existing two-phase SRMs are detailed in this paper. Comparison between finite-element simulations and magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) analysis for inductance are made and compared to experimentally measured characteristics. Furthermore, comparisons between a conventional two-phase SRM and the novel SRM are made in terms of its weight and output torque. Manufacturability and cost savings of the unique SRM structure are presented. It is shown that the E-core SRM using common stator pole has 50% less iron in the magnetic path compared to a conventional two-phase SRM.      

粗轧主传动电机设计

从同步电机的电磁计算、结构设计、定、转子绝缘结构等多方面进行阐述,同时分析了交．交变频电源中高次谐波的影响,从多方面对整个粗轧同步电动机的设计过程进行了优化,完全达到了国内自主化设计的任务。     

基于计算流体力学的非晶合金轴向磁通永磁电机冷却系统设计

采用一种新型材料——非晶合金作为轴向磁通永磁(AFPM)电机的定子铁心。研制非晶合金和硅钢片两种材料的定子铁心,对其损耗特性进行对比,实验数据显示非晶合金替代常规硅钢片作为电机铁心,能够降低电机的铁耗,但是同时由于高频率的选择使得电机转子部分等损耗有所增加。为进一步提高非晶合金轴向磁通永磁电机冷却效率,优化电机设计保证电机的安全运行,对该类电机的冷却系统进行设计。研究四种冷却结构并建立相应的三维流体场数学模型和物理模型,基于计算流体力学(CFD)理论基础,通过有限体积法,在相同的计算条件、网格划分前提下,研究四种冷却结构的热特性和流动特性。优选出螺旋型结构并对其进行具体尺寸参数设计,最后对无隔水板和螺旋结构进行温升试验。试验结果表明,螺旋结构的绕组和转子冷却效率高出无隔水板结构33.1%和26.5%,为该类新型材料的永磁电机冷却结构设计及电磁方案优化提供了指导。     

车用开关磁阻电机起动性能的数字仿真

本文介绍了一种新型的12/10极结构的开关磁阻电机,利用Matlab中的Simulink模块对12/10电机进行建模,对在不同开通角下的一相转矩,合成转矩以及转速的起动性能进行了动态仿真,并对仿真结果进行了具体的性能分析。     

磁悬浮人工心脏驱动电机的优化设计

提出了基于电磁场有限元分析技术,对磁悬浮人工心脏的驱动电机进行优化设计的方法。根据对人工脏器的设计要求,设计了一台单面轴隙式永磁无刷直流电机作为人工心脏的驱动电机。通过建立驱动电机的3D整体模型,研究电机气隙中的磁场分布。同时结合电机损耗的计算方法,以提高电机的总体效率、降低电机的整体尺寸为目标,对驱动电机的电机线圈、永磁体阵列的尺寸进行优化设计。仿真与计算得出的优化设计结果,可以为人工心脏的工程设计提供参考。     

6/2结构高速开关磁阻电动机设计研究

开关磁阻电动机（SR电动机）转子上无线圈和永磁体，特别适合高速运行。选择了起动转矩小但适合高速运行的6／2结构SR电动机，利用电磁场仿真软件JMAG对高速SR电动机进行电磁结构设计。通过优化定转子结构，改善了电动机起动特性；搭建了试验平台，给出了电动机初步试验结果。     

超高速开关磁阻电动机设计

开关磁阻电机结构简单坚固,转子上无永磁体和绕组,特别适合超高速运行。针对超高速电机的运行特点,对超高速开关磁阻电机的多物理场一体化设计方法进行探讨,研制了一台6/2结构超高速开关磁阻样机,样机最高转速为130 000 r/min,功率为1 kW。为提高样机的起动转矩,改进了样机的转子结构,并基于有限元法对样机的电磁性能和动力学性能进行优化。采用自主开发的具有角度控制功能的开关磁阻电机专用集成电路SR3P10K07A作为控制系统的控制核心。最后对样机进行了实验,实验结果表明本文采用的设计方法、转子结构和专用芯片是可行和有效的。     

Characteristics of a hybrid‐type switched reluctance motor with salient pole stator

In this paper, we propose a new hybrid‐type switched reluctance motor (SRM) with salient pole stator, which has a pair of permanent magnets attached symmetrically between the iron poles of the rotor. We describe experimental results not only on the basic characteristics of the hybrid SRM, but also characteristics with a current control loop under optimized advanced firing angle and cutoff angle control. Considerable improvement of machine performance, especially in the efficiency and power factor, for the hybrid SRM over the conventional VR‐type SRM is confirmed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 147(3): 72–79, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10285     

IE5能效等级三相异步电动机的研制

IE5为国际电工委员会(IEC)于2016年发布的目前全球最高的电动机能效等级。针对IE5能效等级目标开展了三相异步电动机研制。在设计方面,主要考虑采用优质的冷轧硅钢片,尝试不同风扇结构型式和不等匝绕组型式,并针对小功率电机考虑采用铸铜转子工艺方案,降低了电机损耗。在工艺方面,主要考虑提高加工精度,减小定、转子冲片毛刺等,进一步降低电机的空载损耗。样机测试结果表明,效率、功率因数、起动电流、起动转矩、最大转矩、温升等指标均达到设计要求,实现了IE5能效等级三相异步电动机研制目标。     

盘式开关磁阻电机临界重叠位置磁化曲线计算

针对三维有限元方法分析轴向磁场盘式开关磁阻电机时计算机配置要求高、耗时长及不适于电机的优化设计和基于定转子极中心线对齐位置和定子极中心线和转子槽中心线对齐位置这两个关键位置的磁路法计算精确度不高等问题,对转子齿前沿和定子齿前沿重叠位置即临界重叠位置处磁化曲线进行解析计算.利用三相6/4极和12/8极轴向磁场盘式开关磁阻电机的有限元仿真结果及磁阻最小原理划分该位置处磁链并进行计算,推导出该种电机临界重叠位置处磁化曲线,并与三维有限元方法的计算结果进行对比.分析结果表明,此种解析法的计算精确度符合要求.计算结果验证了解析分析计算的正确性.     

开关型磁阻电动机固有频率解析计算

运用机电类比法分析了开关型磁阻电动机(SRM)定子振动特性，针对传统解析计算方法仅将定子凸极和绕组以附加质量归入磁轭、但不计其刚度影响的局限性，提出了基于定子凸极归算算法的SRM固有频率解析计算方法。两台典型结构的SRM样机解析计算和二维有限元分析、模态实验结果表明，采取不计定子绕组影响而等效计及定子凸极对磁轭质量和刚度影响的机械阻抗法是一种对SRM定子振动特性进行解析分析的工程实用方法。     

Design of Unskewed Interior Permanent Magnet Traction Motor with Asymmetric Flux Barriers and Shifted Magnets for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are commonly used in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Nissan Leaf electric vehicle (EV) uses skewed-rotor IPMSM as a traction motor. This motor is considered as a benchmark in this work. Although, skewing improves the torque quality of the motor by reducing the torque ripple, it reduces the average torque and increases the motor manufacturing complexity and cost. This article proposes improvements to the benchmark motor torque quality without skewing. The proposed motor uses the same stator winding and rotor magnet topologies of the benchmark motor with the same geometric constraints and magnet volume. Modifications are applied to the placement of the magnets in the rotor and the shape of the flux barriers to achieve the performance requirements. The design procedure of the proposed unskewed design is illustrated. Moreover, the electromagnetic performance of the proposed design is investigated. The design shows competitive performance in terms of the average torque, torque ripple, cogging torque, and efficiency compared to the benchmark motor. The mechanical integrity of the design is also verified. The proposed design is found to be a suitable alternative to the benchmark traction motor with a reduced rotor weight and without skewing.