改善钢水可浇性的生产技术实践

结合重庆钢铁炼钢厂生产工艺,分析了影响热轧带肋钢筋钢、光圆钢和SPHC等钢种钢水可浇性的主要因素,提出了改善钢水可浇性的关键共性技术措施:热轧带肋钢筋钢采用硅锰弱脱氧控制精炼出站,钢水中的w[O]=(30～50)×10~(-6);光圆钢采用硅+锰+少量铝弱脱氧控制精炼出站,钢水中的w[O]=(30～60)×10~(-6);SPHC采用高碱度渣渣洗,钢包顶渣w(FeO+MnO)5%、w(CaO)/w(Al_2O_3)=1.5～1.7;铝镇静钢采用钢包顶渣改质+钙处理,控制w[Al]≥0.020%,w[S]≤0.015%,钙处理后w[Ca]=(22～35)×10~(-6);控制LF精炼参数,开发LF分级精炼技术;钢水过热度18～23℃;提升耐火材料品质;建立钢水可浇性异常信息反馈及应对制度等。经生产现场检验,单中间包连浇炉数和钢产量均达到了公司历史最好水平。     

高级别管线钢酸溶铝的控制

从理论上计算了高级别管线钢精炼过程酸溶铝的控制与溶解氧、钢中硫及精炼渣的关系.w(AlS)=0.004 5 %～0.007 3 %时,w([O])可控制到(3～5)×10-6,精炼渣的硫容量C'S分别大于0.02、0.04和0.07时,w([S])可控制在20×10-6、8×10-6和5×10-6以内.通过对某钢厂LF-VD高级别管线钢生产工艺分析表明,钢中w(AlS)=0.035 %时, w([O])=1.76×10-6,LF初期、LF末期、VD末期炉渣C'S分别为0.01、0.022、0.023,w([S])从LF初期的80×10-6,降低到LF末期的(20～30)×10-6,并稳定在VD末期的20×10-6以下,与理论计算相符.     

LF钢渣返回利用的脱硫研究

结合生产中LF渣的典型成分,对LF渣返回利用时的脱硫性能及其影响因素进行了研究,探讨了炉渣的初始w(S)、w(Al2O3),钢水的初始w(S)变化对脱硫的影响.实验结果表明,钢水w(Als)=0.025 %～0.033 %时,采用模拟的LF返回精炼渣,可以实现对钢水的脱硫.在炉渣初始w(S)＞0.61 %时,随渣中硫含量的增大,脱硫率快速下降,w(Al2O3)＜25 %时对脱硫的影响不大.在实际应用中,采用精炼终渣部分返回的模式,可以保证LF精炼的脱硫要求.     

ER70S-6焊丝钢LF脱氧与夹杂物控制

通过热力学计算和工厂试验研究了ER70S-6钢LF精炼过程中钢水脱氧和夹杂物的控制。用扫描电镜和能谱仪(SEM/EDS)分析了钢水中夹杂物的形貌、成分和尺寸。计算结果表明:Si-Mn合金脱氧后,钢水中的溶解氧质量分数在40×10-6以上;通过控制钢包渣的成分可将钢水中的溶解氧质量分数降到10×10-6以下。试验结果表明:在精炼过程中钢水中大于20μm的夹杂物比例从22.3%降到6.1%;精炼结束后钢水中的夹杂物主要为球形的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MnO-Ti2O3夹杂物,89.8%的夹杂物熔点都小于1 600℃。生产数据显示:成品中w(T.O)平均为24.5×10-6,满足下游客户的要求。     

Q345钢精炼过程夹杂物成分的变化

通过工业试验研究了Q345钢在钢包精炼过程和RH处理过程中夹杂物成分的变化。结果表明:通过与高碱度、低氧化性渣的反应,钢水中的大部分Al2O3夹杂物转变为具有较低熔点的CaO-Al2O3-MgO夹杂物。研究了RH处理后钙的加入量对夹杂物成分的影响。结果表明:当钢包顶渣的成分控制在w(CaO)=50%～55%、w(CaF2)=5%～8%、w(Al2O3)=25%～30%、w(SiO2)=5%～8%、w(MgO)=5%～10%、w(FeO)<1%,经过钢包精炼和RH处理,每吨钢水中加入0.12 kg钙后,钢水中夹杂物的平均成分处于低熔点(≤1 500℃)区。     

Q235钢2步脱氧工艺的理论分析及生产试验

为实现Q235钢种节能降本的目的,分析了该钢种原工艺的冶炼特点,通过铝、硅、锰复合脱氧的热力学计算,提出了"转炉出钢加硅、锰和少量铝弱脱氧+LF补铝终脱氧"的2步脱氧工艺。经Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算整个体系的平衡状态,精炼结束钢水中的氧含量(w(O)=1×10-6)和硫含量(w(S)=1.5×10-6)均达到钢种要求,理论上验证了新工艺的可行。经180 t LF试生产,精炼结束钢水w(Alt)=0.004%~0.015%,w(T.O)=(20~35)×10-6,w(S)0.012%,满足工艺要求,钢水浇铸性能良好,脱氧成本可降低4.2元/t。     

LF热态钢渣循环利用炉渣成分控制

 为了实现LF热态钢渣的循环利用,对目前武钢LF热态钢渣两次循环利用工艺中精炼渣的组成、脱硫能力及吸收夹杂能力的变化进行了分析研究。结果表明,LF热态钢渣循环利用后钢水的脱硫率可以达到90%以上,精炼终点w（［S］）可以达到0.001%的水平;相对于未循环工艺,钢中w(T［O］)减少17.50×10-6,w(［N］)减少17.00×10-6,夹杂物数量减少4.47个/mm2。根据两次热循环利用结果得出：通过控制回收的渣量及补加石灰的量,可保证循环后初始炉渣中的w((S))小于0.20%,终渣碱度（w(CaO)/w(SiO2）)在12.00～20.00范围,w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)为1.75～2.00,从而使精炼渣的脱硫效率、w((S))/w(［S］)不受循环次数的限制。     

LF快速造白渣工艺分析

从LF造渣的目的及造渣的难点出发,分析了脱氧、渣碱度(R)、渣量及渣成分对精炼效果的影响。通过对LF精炼实绩的综合分析认为:出钢炉渣改质、LF前期快速升温是快速造渣的前提条件;强搅拌、合理渣系是LF白渣脱硫的必要条件;控制白渣粘度、软搅强度和时间是保证精炼渣吸浮夹杂的基本条件;控铝钢的合理渣成分为w(CaO)=55%～60%;w(SiO2)=10%～17%;w(Al2O3)=15%～22%;w(T.Fe+MnO)2.0%;渣量为8.0～12.0kg/t,综合碱度为1.9～2.3时精炼效果较佳。     

铝脱氧曲轴钢中镁含量的计算分析

采用热力学软件FactSage计算分析了精炼渣成分、Als含量、精炼温度对钢水中镁含量的影响,并通过试验对计算结果进行验证。结果表明:在1 600℃,随着精炼渣碱度的升高以及渣中Al2O3、FeO含量的降低,钢水中Mg含量增加;随着渣中MgO含量的升高,钢水中Mg含量先升高后降低,当渣中w(MgO)为8%时,钢水中w(Mg)达到最大值11.9×10-6;而w(Al2O3)为30%,碱度为15时,钢水中w(Mg)达到最大值11.9×10-6。     

50 t EAF EBT-60 t LF工艺冶炼GCr15钢的氮含量控制

研究了西宁特钢50 t EAF EBT-60 t LF冶炼GCr15高碳铬轴承钢时电弧炉泡沫渣操作、钢包炉(LF)吹氩精炼和成分微调、浇铸等工艺因素对钢中氮含量的影响.研究结果表明,电弧炉良好的泡沫渣操作,钢水脱碳量ΔC大于0.6%可使钢中氮含量降到(10～20)×10-6.在LF精炼时50 t钢水加200 kg碳粉可使钢水氮含量增加19×10-6,加合金可使钢水中平均氮含量增加4.2×10-6,浇铸过程钢水氮含量增加12×10-6.因此在LF精炼时减小碳和合金加入量可减少钢中氮含量的增加.     

熔炼次数对M17返回料合金成分、组织和性能的影响

实验结果表明,M17铸造高温合金(%:0.16C、8.79Cr、5.79A1、4.93Ti、3.29Mo、15.20Co、0.78V、0.015B、0.073Zr、0.002S、0.001P、0.001 1O、0.001 0N)经25 kg真空感应炉返回重熔后,Si含量随重熔次数的增加而略有增加,合金中主要元素和其它杂质元素S、P、H的含量变化不大,而氧、氮略有增加;合金中初生碳化物由新合金中的草书体逐渐向返回合金块状转变,初生碳化物的遗传性堵塞合金凝固时的补缩通道,使返回料合金的疏松倾向增大,高温塑性下降较大。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.