铝合金汽缸盖消失模铸造工艺的仿真优化

采用铸造模拟软件Procast对铝合金汽缸盖的消失模铸造进行了充型和凝固过程的模拟。分别从负压度、模样密度和浇注温度3个主要影响因素方面分析其规律,以充型过程平稳、凝固时间较短为目标,依据仿真结果分析铸造缺陷产生的原因,优化浇注系统和铸造工艺。     

立式离心铸造顶头模具设计及充型凝固模拟

根据Φ136mm的穿孔顶头外形,设计一种立式离心铸造顶头的模具。通过数值模拟软件模拟其充型过程及凝固过程,离心铸造工艺参数为离心转数300 r/min、浇注温度1530℃和充型速度0.25m/s。模拟结果表明:铸件的充型过程基本平稳、快速,大概10.7s充型完毕;凝固过程中铸件温度场分布符合顺序凝固的要求,需1237s完全凝固。另外,固相分数也证实了铸件凝固过程是合理的。     

铝青铜铸件离心铸造工艺数值模拟

采用ProCAST软件对铝青铜铸件的立式离心铸造充型与凝固过程进行了数值模拟,分析了浇注温度和离心转速对离心铸造充型过程的影响。结果表明,在离心铸造中,浇注温度对液态金属的充型速度无明显影响,凝固速度随浇注温度的升高而降低;提高离心转速有利于提高液态金属的充型速度和凝固速度。针对铝青铜环形铸件获得的优化工艺参数为,浇注温度1 100℃,铸型转速350 r/min。     

铝合金支架压铸数值模拟及压铸工艺研究

利用ProCAST铸造模拟软件,对铝合金压铸件支架充型、凝固过程进行了数值模拟,得到了速度场、温度场的分布和变化规律。结果表明,浇注温度对压铸铝合金的模拟结果影响最大,其次为模具预热温度、充型速度。本试验条件下得到的优化工艺参数:浇注温度为600℃,模具预热温度为200℃,充型速度为2.5m/s。按照优化后的压铸工艺参数进行生产,得到了合格的铸件。     

Makino铣床大型床身铸造过程模拟及工艺优化

针对Makino铣床床身铸造工艺,利用Anycasting软件模拟了铸件的充型和凝固过程,分析了铸件成形过程中内部温度场、流场的变化规律。通过综合考虑浇注温度(1 280、1 320、1 360和1 400℃)和充型速度(1.0、1.2和1.4m/s)对成形的影响,得出浇注温度和充型速度对铸件品质的影响。结果表明,采用优化浇注工艺参数(浇注温度为1 320℃,充型速度为1.2m/s),在合理位置处设置冒口,把最后凝固位置控制在冒口内部,可解决气孔缺陷。以铸件内部温度场分布为依据,减小了铸件缩孔倾向,为实际生产提供参考。     

HBW160床身铸造工艺模拟仿真及优化

以HBW160床身原有铸造工艺为基础,利用AnyCasting软件模拟了床身的充型和凝固过程,通过正交试验和数值模拟分析,得到床身的最优工艺参数。试验表明,浇注温度对模拟结果的影响最大,然后是冷铁厚度和充型速度。当浇注温度为1 350℃,充型速度为1.78m/s,冷铁厚度为70mm时,铸件内缩松(缩孔)产生的概率最低,铸件质量最好。     

基于数值模拟的镁合金压铸件工艺设计及优化

在对框架型镁合金压铸件工艺分析的基础上,对其工艺结构进行初步设计;然后使用铸造工艺模拟软件对其充型及凝固过程进行数值模拟,预测了完全凝固后存在于铸件中的缩松、缩孔等缺陷;最后对工艺参数进行了优化。优化后的工艺参数:冲头压射速度为3.3m/s,浇注温度为670℃,模具初始温度为190℃。     

AlSi7Mg轮毂半固态流变挤压铸造成形数值模拟

利用半固态流变挤压铸造技术代替传统铸造来生产汽车轮毂。基于有限元软件AnyCasting和carreau表观粘度模型,对铝合金轮毂的半固态流变挤压铸造成形过程进行了数值模拟,研究了压射速度、浇注温度和模具预热温度3个主要工艺参数对半固态浆料充型和凝固过程的影响规律,并采用正交试验设计获取了最佳的工艺参数。结果表明,最佳的工艺参数组合为压射速度0.07 m/s、浇注温度595℃和模具预热温度225℃,同时得出半固态浆料的浇注温度对铸件缺陷的影响最大,压射速度其次,模具预热温度最小。     

镁合金真空低压消失模铸造流动性的研究

真空低压消失模铸造是一项新材料与新工艺相结合的新技术,具有充型平稳、尺寸精确、压力下凝固等技术优势。着重研究镁合金真空低压消失模铸造的流动性及其与主要工艺参数的关系,探讨了真空低压消失模铸造镁合金的流动性,分析了浇注温度、涂层厚度和充气流量对镁合金流动性的影响,并进行工艺优化。研究结果表明,镁合金真空低压消失模铸造的流动性显著提高,且随着充气流量的升高和涂层厚度的降低而提高,其最佳工艺参数为:充气流量3~5m3/h,浇注温度750~780℃,涂层厚度0.3~0.5mm,泡沫材料密度为0.16mg/cm3,真空度应控制在0.03MPa以下。     

基于ProCAST的龙门加工中心滑枕铸件的数值模拟分析

通过对龙门加工中心滑枕铸件结构特点的分析,确定其浇注工艺方案,运用Pro CAST软件对滑枕铸件的铸造过程进行模拟分析,对铁液的充型、凝固过程进行可视化观察。结果表明:采用阶梯式浇注系统,浇注温度为1 380℃,浇注速度为1 m/s时,铸件的充型及凝固过程合理,并通过实际试制生产验证了该工艺方案的可行性,为实际生产提供了理论依据和指导。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.