铣削大理石切削参数对PCD刀具磨损的影响

目的探索PCD刀具磨损机理,以延长刀具使用寿命。方法设计正交试验,研究不同加工参数切削大理石对刀具磨损的影响情况。分析主轴转速、进给速度与切削深度对PCD刀具磨损量的影响规律,以优化切削参数来减小刀具磨损量。根据经验公式,建立单位时间刀具磨损量和固定行程磨损量模型。通过对试验过程刀具振动情况记录,结合刀具实际磨损情况,给出了刀具磨损等级。结果主轴转速的提高可以减少刀具磨损量,进给速度的增大会加剧刀具磨损,而切削深度小于1 mm时,其对刀具磨损量的影响很小,但切削深度大于1 mm时,继续增大切削深度会使刀具快速磨损。利用预测模型能够很好地对刀具磨损情况进行预判,根据磨损等级,得出刀具与机床发生共振时磨损最为严重,在刀具表面产生了明显的犁沟、磨损以及金刚石颗粒脱落。结论在实际加工中,通过提高主轴转速、降低进给速度以及减小切削深度有助于增强刀具的耐用度,避开共振切削参数可以有效降低刀具磨损,主轴转速、进给速度、切削深度分别为12000r/min、500 mm/min、0.5 mm时的切削效果较佳,有最小的刀具磨损量。     

PVD涂层刀具切削砂岩的磨损面积研究

研究切削参数对PVD涂层刀具磨损面积的影响。利用正交试验进行切削试验,采用网格划分方法计算刀具磨损面积,分析刀具磨损面积与主轴转速、进给速度和切削深度之间的关系,根据试验结果得到:提高主轴转速能够降低刀具磨损面积,增加进给速度与切削深度将使刀具磨损面积增大。根据经验公式,利用最小二乘法建立刀具磨损面积预测模型,通过F检验可知模型具有较高的显著性,并得到切削参数中影响刀具磨损面积的主次关系为切削深度、主轴转速、进给速度。     

圆盘锯齿刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯力热分析

为探究Nomex蜂窝芯圆盘锯齿刀超声切削过程中切削参数与切削力热的映射关系,开展圆盘锯齿刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯复合材料仿真及试验研究,分析主轴转速、进给速度、切削宽度和切削深度对切削过程中切削力热的影响,建立了切削温度随进给速度、主轴转速的一次回归模型。结果表明:所建立仿真模型最大误差为11.2%,可有效预测切削力与切削温度;三向切削力随着切削宽度,切削深度,进给速度的增大而增大,随着主轴转速的增大而减小;进给速度与主轴转速对切削温度影响显著;实际加工中,应采用大切削深度与切削宽度增加切削效率,采用小进给速度和主轴转速以降低切削温度,减少刀具磨损。     

加工参数对金刚石铣刀铣削石材时磨损量影响研究

金刚石铣刀的磨损量是衡量刀具寿命和加工成本的一个重要参数,有必要研究铣削参数和石材硬度对金刚石铣刀磨损量的影响以确定合理的加工参数和提高加工效率.在石材加工数控机床上采用金刚石铣刀铣削大理石和花岗岩,采用精密天平测量金刚石铣刀的磨损量,同时采用体式显微镜分析金刚石铣刀的磨损原因.实验结果表明:切割深度对铣刀磨损量影响最大,其次为进给速度,最后为铣刀主轴转速.磨损量随切割深度和石材硬度的增加而加大,随进给速度和主轴转速增加变化不大.金刚石铣刀的磨损形式主要以金刚石脱落和破碎为主,其次为金刚石磨钝,基体磨损以磨粒磨损为主.     

基于切削技术的金刚石刀具磨损特征分析

金刚石刀具的磨损情况决定其使用寿命。用金刚石PCD刀具切削6061-T6镁铝合金工件,通过不同切削速度、切削深度、振动频率、刀具后角时的切削力及切削温度变化,研究不同刀具前后角、进给量、切削转速时的工件表面粗糙度及刀具磨损面积。结果表明:金刚石刀具的切削力和切削温度随切削速度、切削深度的增加而增大,随振动频率的增加而减小;刀具后角增大,金刚石刀具的切削力呈先下降而后缓缓上升趋势,但对切削温度的影响很小。当刀具前角为10°,刀具后角为8°,切削速度为0.46?m/s,切削深度为28?μm,进给量为0.10?mm/r,切削转速为4100?r/min,振动频率为22?kHz,切削振幅为9?μm时,金刚石刀具的磨损面积最小,磨损程度最低,使用寿命最长,但工件的表面粗糙度稍高。      

硅晶圆分层划片工艺试验研究

目的优化硅晶圆划片工艺参数,提高划片质量。方法提出一种硅晶圆分层划片工艺方法,利用自主研发的精密全自动划片机,通过全因素试验,研究了主轴转速、进给速度和切削深度等工艺参数对分层划片与传统单次划片的工艺性能的影响,检测了崩边宽度、相对缝宽、切缝表面粗糙度,通过检测划片过程中主轴电流大小来间接反映切削力的大小。最后对分层划片工艺进行优化试验,得出最佳工艺参数组合。结果随着划片深度的增加,主轴电流增大,进给速度对主轴电流的影响较小,分层划片可以有效减少划片过程产生的切削力,提高划切效果。分层划片试验发现,随主轴转速的增加,相对缝宽增大;随进给速度增大,相对缝宽先减小后增大。进给速度为15 mm/s,转速为10 000 r/min时,相对缝宽最小,为1.048。随着主轴转速的增加,崩边宽度减小;随着进给速度的增大,崩边宽度增大。进给速度为1 mm/s,转速为25 000 r/min时,崩边宽度最小,为5.31μm。结论与传统单次划片方式相比,分层划片工艺能够得到更好的划片效果,可一定程度上降低崩边宽度,减小相对缝宽值,减少微裂纹,提高划切质量。     

加工复合地板耐磨层时PCD刀具切削参数的研究

切削参数是影响PCD刀具切削性能的主要因素。本文采用Element Six公司的SYNDITE CTH025型聚晶金刚石(PCD)复合片制成强化复合地板用切削刀具，进行了一系列加工强化复合地板耐磨层的切削实验。通过实验研究了切削参数对刀具切削力的影响，得出了切削力随切削参数的变化规律，指出随着切削深度的增加，PCD刀具切削力增加；进给速度的增加使切削力增加；切削速度的增加将会使切削力降低。同时，分析了切削参数对刀具磨损、工件加工质量以及加工效率的影响。最后，本文总结了采用PCD刀具加工强化复合地板时加工参数的选择原则，认为当n=6000r／min、f=10000mm／min能够实现较高的加工效率，并保证工件的加工质量。     

PCD和HTi10刀具铣削CFRP试验研究

针对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)难加工的特性,文中采用PCD和HTi10刀具进行了CFRP铣削试验,对加工过程中的铣削力、刀具磨损和表面粗糙度进行了分析。结果表明:PCD和HTi10刀具的铣削力和表面粗糙度变化规律一致,均随转速的增大而减小,随进给速度的增大而增大,但PCD刀具的铣削力更小,加工质量更好;与HTi10相比,PCD刀具的铣削力对刀具磨损更加敏感,更适合应用在加工环境较好的条件下。在CFRP加工过程中,粗加工时优选HTi10刀具,精加工时优选PCD刀具,宜选用高转速、低进给的切削参数。     

高速铣削航空铝合金的工艺参数优化研究

以6061铝合金为研究对象,在高速加工中心上对6061铝合金进行铣削加工,对加工后的工件表面粗糙度、材料去除率以及铣削力进行相应的测量和分析,通过切削加工实验的方法针对不同工艺参数组合方式以及不同刀具材料对加工效率和加工质量的影响情况展开研究,从而确定最优工艺参数组合以及最佳刀具材料。研究结果表明:硬质合金刀具的切削性能优于TIALN涂层刀具,当主轴转速为8000r/min,进给速度为1600mm/min,切削深度为0.2mm时,工件的表面质量最好,表面粗糙度Ra可达到0.14μm,同时材料去除率可以达到46310mm3/min,当主轴转速为8000r/min,进给速度为1600mm/min,切削深度为0.05mm时,铣削力分别是10N(X),11N(Y),7N(Z),该工艺参数组合可以提高刀具耐用度。     

氟金云母陶瓷车削加工中切削温度实验研究

通过硬质合金刀具车削氟金云母陶瓷实验,研究可加工陶瓷切削温度。以特征温度表征切削温度研究氟金云母可加工陶瓷车削加工中的切削温度。结果表明,特征温度随转速的变化幅度小;随着进给速度增大,特征温度整体上是下降的,并且进给速度在0.1~0.12 mm/r间,特征温度下降幅度较大;在特征温度随着切削深度增加而增加的过程中,存在一个下降阶段,而且下降阶段结束后,特征温度增长幅度变大。同一工艺参数下随切削次数的增加,测得的特征温度升高,其原因是:每次切削中,摩擦热主导温度变化,随切削次数的增加,刀具磨损量增大,特征温度升高。由于陶瓷低导热性和脆性,切削温度振颤不明显。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。