含羧酸铈光敏剂的LDPE地膜应用研究

研究了羧酸铈光敏剂及其配合体系的组成、各组分的协同关系和作用,讨论了其配合体系对聚乙烯地膜断裂伸长率、羰基指数和分子量的影响,并进行了农田覆盖地膜应用试验。结果表明,含羧酸铈光敏剂配合体系的聚乙烯地膜具有良好的使用性能和光降解可控性能。     

二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸铁抗氧光敏剂配合体系及其应用研究

本文研究了二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸铁（ＦｅＤＲＣ），芳香酮和抗氧剂配合体系的组成，各组分的协同关系及其光降解聚乙烯的作用机理。结果表明，以ＦｅＤＲＣ配合体系为添加剂的聚乙烯地膜使用性能和光降解可控性良好，完全适全制造可控光降解聚乙烯的地膜。     

光敏剂对聚乙烯地膜力学性能的影响

系统研究了环境条件下各种光敏剂对聚乙烯地膜力学性能的影响。结果表明,硬脂酸铁在环境降解过程中起着主要的光增敏作用,添加浓度为0.2%和0.4%时,聚乙烯地膜降解最快,环境降解25 d 后其断裂伸长率保留率降到10%以下,30 d 后变为碎片;二茂铁的光敏化作用弱于硬脂酸铁;N,N-二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍单独使用起着防老化的作用,与硬脂酸铁配合使用,可以延长聚乙烯地膜的诱导期,但后期又加速了地膜的降解。N,N-二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍与二茂铁配合使用的降解周期要比与硬脂酸铁配合使用的降解周期长。     

过渡金属络合物类降解塑料光敏剂的合成、结构与性能的表征

合成了以羧酸、三硫代氨基到和硫磷酸为配体的铁、和铈和共生稀土第一系列络合物光敏剂（共六大类２０多种），采用红外光谱仪、元素分析仪和等离子体发射光谱仪表征２０种光敏剂分子结构，采用ＵＶ及ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ等方法探讨了泖 光敏化效果，通过人工加速化老实验、户外曝晒试验、ＩＲ等方法讨论比较含光敏剂ＰＥ可控光降解塑料的降解性能。     

淀粉／硬脂酸铈配合体系的降解LDPE包装薄膜的研究

研究了淀粉／硬脂酸铈配合体系的组成，讨论了铝酸酯对淀粉的疏水处理，氧化聚乙烯对淀粉／ＬＤＰＥ共混体系的增容，硬脂酸铈对光氧降解ＬＤＰＥ羰基指数的影响，并对含２０％淀粉，０。４％硬脂酸铈的ＬＤＰＥ包装薄膜进行性能测试和应用试验。     

降解性聚乙烯地膜的研制及其降解过程

采用复合光敏剂并添加改性淀粉的方法，制备出降解诱导期可控的光和生物双降解聚乙烯地膜。地膜的力学性能符合ＧＢ１３７３５－９２标准，在田间曝露４０天左右后出现崩裂，强度急剧下降且呈突变性，经四个月后粘均分子量已降至５０００以下。真菌抗性试验表明此时的残膜易被土壤微生物侵蚀。采用红外光谱法对地膜降解过程中的化学结构变化进行了考察。     

羧酸稀土复合光敏剂的研制及其在降解地膜中的应用

根据目前已合成的光敏剂对紫外光吸收的波长及吸光系数不同,对光敏剂进行复合,研制出对紫外光具有较高吸收效率的复合光敏剂,并制备了光钙型环境友好降解地膜塑料材料;通过人工加速老化实验、户外曝晒实验,采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、热失重分析等方法,对所研制的复合光敏剂的光敏化效果进行表征,结果表明,所研制的复合光敏剂与单一光敏剂相比,具有良好的紫外光敏化效果,羧酸稀土复合光敏剂又能使塑料在光引发后具有避光继续氧化降解的性能。     

三种超分散剂的制备与性能研究

以12-羟基硬脂酸、硬脂酸、聚乙烯亚胺为原料,合成了羧基封端及未封端聚羟基羧酸酯和聚乙烯亚胺接枝聚羟基羧酸酯,并将这三种超分散剂应用于低树脂液浓度的纳米二氧化钛颜料分散体系中,对分散体系的粘度、储存稳定性等进行了探讨.结果表明:用聚乙烯亚胺接枝的聚羟基羧酸酯对纳米二氧化钛颜料体系有较好的分散性能,最件用量为4%(质量分数).     

光降解聚乙烯薄膜的研究

研究了用过渡金属有机化合物作光敏剂的添加型光降解聚乙烯薄膜的光降解行为，介绍了光敏剂的品种及用量，并探讨了光照条件下薄膜光降解的速度及薄膜光降解过程中聚乙烯的化学结构，分子量分布等结构参数和力学性能的变化。     

二硫代胺基甲酸铁的合成及其光敏性能的研究

过渡金属的二硫代胺基甲酸盐是一类具有特色的聚烯烃的有效光敏剂,适用于制造可控寿命的光降解地膜。本文提供了二硫代胺基甲酸铁的合成方法,收率可达95%。并对其光敏性能作了初步测定。自然曝晒试验结果表明,在低密度聚乙烯农膜中,加入0.10～0.25%的二硫代胺基甲酸铁,可以较好地控制地膜的使用寿命。     

含FeDBC光敏剂的低密度聚乙烯膜紫外光氧化降解的研究

合成了N,N-二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸铁(FeDBC)光敏剂,通过元素分析、热谱分析、红外(IR)光谱和紫外(UV)光谱表征了它的组成和性质。进而研究了FeDBC对UV光氧化低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)膜的物理性能、羰基指数和粘均分子量的影响,并探讨了FeDBC在敏化LDPE膜光氧降解方面的作用机理。结果表明,在LDPE膜中加入0.1％～0.3％FeDBC,即成可控寿命的LDPE农膜。     

A New Synthesized of Ferrous Ricinoleate Mixed with Maleic Dextrose Additive to Enhance Photo and Biodegradation Characteristics of LDPE

Low density polyethylene films blended (LDPE) with mixed Ferrous ricinoleate maleic dextrose additive have been exposed to accelerated UV and biotic environments. The films were accelerated UV light for 70 h before being mixed with water and municipal solid compost. The photo degraded and biodegraded LDPE films were examined by infrared spectroscopy and also to study the photodegraded film attacked by mitochondria β oxidation process of microorganism and its morphological study by SEM analysis and degree of crystallinity behaviour by XRD analysis.     

LDPE／PA6共混阻透薄膜的研制

将LDPE、PA6和PE-g-MAH等混合后加入单螺杆挤出机内,经熔融挤出吹塑制成LDPE/PA6共混阻透薄膜。通过考察成型工艺条件及PA6和PE-g-MAH的用量对薄膜阻透性能和力学性能的影响,确定了共混配方和薄膜制备工艺,阻透薄膜的阻透性能与纯LDPE薄膜相比提高了10倍以上。     

农膜的薄型化与基础树脂的选择

阐述了农用聚乙烯功能膜的薄型化趋势。针对薄型化经常出现的"暴棚"现象,归纳了生产过程的关键技术。结合2004年春季对国内外10种低密度聚乙烯树脂进行农田应用试验的结果,着重分析了基础树脂化学结构对农膜耐老化性能的影响,提出了用于功能膜较好的树脂牌号。     

淀粉填充塑料地膜的研制和应用

研制了淀粉填充地膜,通过生物降解来消除地膜对土壤及环境的污染。经过原材料的选择和加工工艺的筛选,淀粉填充塑料地膜可以进行工业化生产,其产品技术性能接近LDPE地膜的技术指标。该地膜在花生大田中试用可使花生增产,使用后的地膜可被生物降解,初步达到预期效果。     

高透明LDPE树脂的开发

以低密度聚乙烯18 D为基础树脂,通过添加的聚丙烯PP 2,改善了18 D的透明性和力学性能,制得高透明树脂SY-1715 F。当PP 2的加入量为7％时,PP 2与18 D的相容性最佳,薄膜雾度小于10％,横、纵向拉伸强度均大于16．0 MPa,横、纵向断裂伸长率均大于400％。加工应用试验表明,SY-1715 F适合吹制透明的轻包装薄膜、防寒膜和育秧膜等。     

Effect of ferric salt of orange peel solid fraction on photo-oxidation and biodegradability of LDPE films

The present study is concerned with accelerating photo-oxidation and biodegradability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film in the presence of orange peel solid fraction (OPS), especially its ferric salt (OPSFe). Orange peel was made free from essential oils and pigments and then turned into a fine powder. The rate of photo-oxidative degradation of pure LDPE film and the blend samples, containing OPS/OPSFe at 0?C5?wt% in combination with PE-g-MA as a compatibilizer at 1?wt% of LDPE, in exposure to artificial sunlight was monitored by determination of carbonyl index derived from FTIR spectroscopy and the variations in mechanical properties in terms of UV-irradiation time. The original and irradiated samples (300?h) were buried in agricultural soil simultaneously and their biodegradation was evaluated by weight loss measurement, optical microscopy, and also calculation of carbonyl index derived from FTIR spectroscopy. The results obtained revealed that OPSFe acts as a significant accelerator in photo-oxidation and subsequent biodegradation of LDPE in soil enviornment. It is concluded that by incorporating small amount of Fe³⁺ ions into the polymer blend, photo-oxidative degradation of LDPE film is much more developed. Increase in OPSFe loading contributes to enhance the rate of photo- and biodegradability of LDPE films.     

Comparison between a linear and a branched low-density polyethylene

Two low-density polyethylenes, a linear low-pressure (LLDPE) and a branched high-pressure (LDPE), have been compared. Their shear and extensional behavior and melt fracture phenomena have been investigated, and some mechanical and optical properties of their blown films have been measured. The rheological analysis showed major differences between the samples, both in shear viscosity and in elongational viscosity. The LLDPE exhibited two types of melt fracture, the first of which—a fine scale extrudate roughness—was not shown by the LDPE and appeared at a very low shear rate. The concomitance in LLDPE of a high shear viscosity and a low elongational viscosity and the presence of melt fracture at low shear rate resulted in its more difficult processing into film. The mechanical properties of the LLDPE film approached those of high-density polyethylene while the optical characteristics were in the range of LDPE. Such a coexistence of properties makes LLDPE an interesting material for film production.     

农用新型薄膜与树脂,助剂,加工质量的关系

本文介绍了我国新型农膜开发现状,分析了LDPE树脂、EVA树脂对农膜耐老化性、保温性的影响。从品种、协同效应等方面探讨了受阻胺光稳定剂、复合型防雾滴剂与新型农膜寿命、流滴持效期、保温性之间的关系。文章还分析了加工工艺与农膜产量的内在联系,提请应用者注意农膜的基本使用要求。