基于蒙特卡罗模拟的不同轴向长度不同晶体材料的PET灵敏度和散射分数研究

长轴向PET是未来PET的发展方向。本文根据NEMA NU2—2012标准利用蒙特卡罗模拟工具研究了不同轴向长度和不同晶体材料对PET灵敏度和散射分数的影响,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果符合很好,验证了模拟的可靠性。灵敏度随轴向长度的增加而增加,但这种增加是非线性的,且在某一长度处变化最明显,不同的PET对应的灵敏度变化最明显的轴向长度也不同。灵敏度表现最好的晶体为LuAP,YAP晶体的灵敏度最低。晶体材料和轴向长度对散射分数均没有明显影响。     

Al_2O_3:C晶体辐射发光剂量特性的数值模拟

在医学放射治疗上可以利用Al2O3:C晶体产生的辐射发光(Radio-luminescence,RL)测量放射治疗的剂量率。本文采用双电子陷阱双复合中心动力学模型对Al2O3:C晶体的辐射发光剂量特性做了数值模拟,给出了β射线辐照Al2O3:C晶体过程中各能级上载流子和RL产生的动态过程,并首次数值模拟了F+中心浓度和高剂量辐照对RL的影响。模拟结果表明:β射线连续辐照Al2O3:C时其产生的RL强度由初始值达到平衡值,且初始值和平衡值都与剂量率成正比,随着Al2O3:C晶体中F+中心浓度的增加,RL强度增强,初始值和平衡值都增加,最后给出了高剂量辐照Al2O3:C晶体对RL的影响。文章中数值模拟的结果和先前实验结果相一致,同时模拟结果对Al2O3:C晶体在制备过程中如何提高RL强度从理论上指明了方向。     

高分辨率密度测井探测器晶体尺寸的选择

为了合理选择探测器晶体尺寸,以提高高分辨率密度测井探测器对地层的反应能力和测量精度,应用Monte Carlo数值模拟技术,对不同半径的长、中间、短源距探测器晶体,分别计算得到了探测器计数随晶体长度的变化规律,探测器对地层灵敏度随晶体长度的变化规律.由计算结果得出,晶体的半径和长度直接影响到探测器的计数和对地层的灵敏度...     

内衬弹簧冷却槽晶体的热缓释实验研究

介绍了同步辐射光束线单色仪晶体内衬弹簧圆形冷却槽改善换热能力的实验研究,并给出实验结果。在热负载和其它冷却条件相同的情况下,由于冷却槽内衬弹簧增大了固液间换热系数,从而增大了晶体的热承受能力,减小了晶体的热形变。     

BEGe探测器晶体参数的蒙特卡罗计算与实验表征技术研究

利用²⁴¹Am发射的59.54 keV平行γ射线束对宽能BEGe探测器晶体进行扫描测量,通过晶体端面垂直扫描确定晶体直径,通过晶体侧面垂直扫描确定晶体高度。利用厂家提供的参数以及扫描得到的晶体参数建立蒙特卡罗计算模型,再通过点源和体源的实验测量值对晶体前端面及侧面死层厚度进行表征调节,使其与实验值符合,从而获得最佳理论计算模型。结果表明,获得的参数正确可靠,其点源探测效率的理论计算结果与实验测量值在2%内符合。该方法极大改善了蒙特卡罗计算BEGe晶体探测效率的精度,可应用于探测器的效率刻度及环境放射性调查。     

对BGO晶体光输出的研究

本文报道了不同几何形状和表面处理对BGO晶体光输出的大小及光输出均匀性的影响。实验结果与蒙特卡罗模拟计算符合得较好。     

蒙特卡罗方法计算低能γ射线在NaI晶体中能量沉积谱

本文考虑了低能γ射线的光电效应、康普顿散射、对生成,电子和正电子在库仑场慢化中的轫致辐射,以及正电子静止湮没。用蒙特卡罗方法模拟γ射线、电子及其级联过程,得到了低能γ射线在NaI晶体中的能量沉积谱、响应函数和绝对探测效率。计算结果与实验值符合较好。     

LSO闪烁晶体探测器能量响应研究

应用蒙特卡罗与解析计算相结合的方法计算了一种LSO闪烁晶体探测器对不同能量中子和γ射线的相结灵敏度，分析了晶体长度对探测器灵敏度和γ／中分子分辨能力的影响，理论计算的灵敏度能量响应曲线与实验标定结果进行了比较，两者趋势基本一致。     

高压下惰性气体晶体的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理,研究了惰性气体晶体的晶体结构和非金属-金属转变。晶体的焓差显示：氦、氖晶体在高压下未发生结构相变,分别保持六角密堆积结构和面心立方;而氩、氪、氙晶体分别在192、95、40GPa从面心立方结构转变为六角密堆积结构。通过研究惰性气体晶体的能带随压强的变化,发现氦、氖、氩、氪、氙的非金属 金属转变压强分别为22000、319000、578、365、149GPa,这与实验结果接近。     

Ce:YAG闪烁晶体的γ射线相对能量响应研究

Ce:YAG闪烁晶体对在脉冲γ射线测量有重要应用,本文研究其γ射线相对能量响应.用Compton散射原理把强60Co源分解成若干单能点γ射线源,测定了国产Ce:YAG闪烁晶体的γ射线相对能量响应,将结果与质能吸收系数的数值计算结果相比较,两者在实验测量不确定范围内符合得很好.结果表明,用质能吸收系数进行无机闪烁晶体的γ射线相对能量响应的数值计算方法可靠,Compton散射原理提供较合适的单能γ射线辐射源以实验刻度无机闪烁晶体的γ射线的相对能量响应的方法也可行,可用于检验数值计算结果的可靠性.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.