Consumer acceptance of natural sweeteners in protein beverages

Protein beverage consumption by Americans has increased in recent years. Coupled with this increased consumption is an interest in natural sweeteners. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory properties of naturally sweetened ready-to-mix (RTM) whey protein beverages using 3 temporal methods and to formulate a natural noncaloric sweetener blend that could be added to RTM protein beverages to provide sweetness while still appealing in flavor to consumers. Iso-sweet concentrations of sweeteners (sucralose, sucrose, fructose, stevia, monk fruit) in RTM vanilla whey protein beverages (25 g of protein/360 mL of water) were established using magnitude estimation scaling and 2-alternative forced-choice testing. Temporal sensory profiling was then conducted on each beverage by a trained panel using time intensity, temporal dominance of sensations, and temporal check-all-that-apply. These findings were used to formulate natural sweetener blends that closely matched the temporality of sucrose-sweetened RTM vanilla protein beverages for consumer testing. One sugar-free blend (25% stevia/75% monk fruit) and 1 reduced-sugar blend (25% stevia/25% monk fruit/50% fructose) were selected for consumer testing (n = 150 consumers) in addition to 3 control RTM beverages containing sucralose, stevia, or monk fruit. Two distinct consumer clusters were identified. The label-conscious segment of consumers preferred beverages sweetened with natural blends when primed. The flavor-driven segment of consumers conceptually preferred naturally sweetened beverages but preferred sucralose-sweetened beverages when primed. An all-natural label claim was most preferred across all consumers. Application of these findings to commercially produced RTM protein beverages aids in the development of naturally sweetened protein beverages with reduced calories and desirable sensory properties and highlights the importance of label claims to consumers overall but to a label-conscious segment of consumers in particular.     

大豆蛋白与魔芋多糖复合凝胶对发酵型辣椒饮料澄清效果的研究

本文利用大豆蛋白与魔芋多糖的复合凝胶作为澄清剂应用于发酵型辣椒饮料的澄清,研究发现,这两种大分子之间的交互作用能有效增加沉淀的沉降速度,提高澄清的效率,结果表明:这种复合凝胶对发酵辣饮料的澄清效果显著,当澄清条件为:饮料pH4.5,澄清剂大豆蛋白质用量7.00%,魔芋多糖用量1.50%,温度100℃时加入,其透光率可达95%以上,在不同温度条件下存储半年其透光率仍能保持在92%以上,而且不影响饮料本身的风味。     

Sensory attributes of low‐fat strawberry yoghurt as influenced by honey from different floral sources,sucrose and high‐fructose corn sweetener

Low‐fat strawberry yoghurts were prepared with each of five alternative sweeteners: sucrose, high‐fructose corn syrup and honey from three different floral sources. A ninety‐nine‐member consumer panel evaluated the yoghurts for flavour, aroma, sweetness and overall acceptance. Degree of liking was scored by the panellists on a nine‐point hedonic scale. Panellists preferred sucrose‐sweetened yoghurts over those sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup and honey (P < 0.05). Among the honey‐sweetened yoghurts, sage honey was the most liked (P < 0.05), followed by alfalfa‐ and sourwood‐sweetened yoghurts.     

含微米颗粒的乳清蛋白复合膜物理性质的研究

乳清蛋白具有一定的营养价值和良好的凝聚造粒及成膜性能。使用喷雾干燥技术制备乳清蛋白微米颗粒,并将上述颗粒以1.0%、1.7%、2.5% 及3.3% 的质量分数添加到乳清蛋白成膜液中,制备含微粒的乳清蛋白复合膜。利用质构仪、扫描电镜(SEM)及差示热量扫描仪(DSC)测定颗粒对乳清蛋白膜性能的影响。结果表明,在上述实验浓度范围内,加入的颗粒对乳清蛋白膜的机械性能、水蒸气透过率、透明度及透光率值、膜的玻璃化温度及熔点均未产生显著影响,乳清蛋白基础膜的性能得到很好的保持。     

Preference Mapping of Lemon Lime Carbonated Beverages with Regular and Diet Beverage Consumers

The drivers of liking of lemon‐lime carbonated beverages were investigated with regular and diet beverage consumers. Ten beverages were selected from a category survey of commercial beverages using a D‐optimal procedure. Beverages were subjected to consumer testing (n = 101 regular beverage consumers, n = 100 diet beverage consumers). Segmentation of consumers was performed on overall liking scores followed by external preference mapping of selected samples. Diet beverage consumers liked 2 diet beverages more than regular beverage consumers. There were no differences in the overall liking scores between diet and regular beverage consumers for other products except for a sparkling beverage sweetened with juice which was more liked by regular beverage consumers. Three subtle but distinct consumer preference clusters were identified. Two segments had evenly distributed diet and regular beverage consumers but one segment had a greater percentage of regular beverage consumers (P < 0.05). The 3 preference segments were named: cluster 1 (C1) sweet taste and carbonation mouthfeel lovers, cluster 2 (C2) carbonation mouthfeel lovers, sweet and bitter taste acceptors, and cluster 3 (C3) bitter taste avoiders, mouthfeel and sweet taste lovers. User status (diet or regular beverage consumers) did not have a large impact on carbonated beverage liking. Instead, mouthfeel attributes were major drivers of liking when these beverages were tested in a blind tasting. Practical Application : Preference mapping of lemon‐lime carbonated beverage with diet and regular beverage consumers allowed the determination of drivers of liking of both populations. The understanding of how mouthfeel attributes, aromatics, and basic tastes impact liking or disliking of products was achieved. Preference drivers established in this study provide product developers of carbonated lemon‐lime beverages with additional information to develop beverages that may be suitable for different groups of consumers.     

Taste Thresholds and Hedonic Responses of Panels Representing Three Nationalities

Taste thresholds for sodium chloride, sucrose, citric acid and caffeine in aqueous solutions did not differ among panels from Nigeria, Korea, and the United States. The Nigerians and Koreans liked tomato juice more than the Americans, and preferred it sweetened. The Koreans liked applesauce better than the other two nationalities, but did not differentiate among the sweetened applesauce, that containing sodium chloride and the control. Americans liked the control, and Nigerians liked the sweetened applesauce best. Frequency of consuming groups of foods by panelists was related to the trend toward liking tomato juice with sweet, sour, salty, and bitter, and applesauce with sweet and salty taste substances added, but there was no significant relationship between hedonic responses and thresholds.     

Influence of nanoencapsulation on the sensory properties of cosmetic formulations containing lipoic acid

Sensory analysis has become a valuable tool in qualifying consumer perception regarding cosmetic products. This study aims to explore the application of discriminative and affective consumers sensory analysis in evaluating the influence of nanoencapsulation on the sensory properties and rheological characteristics of a cosmetic formulation containing lipoic acid. The nanocapsules were prepared by the pre‐formed polymer precipitation method. Semisolid formulations were prepared using a silicone emulsion system, and these pseudoplastic fluids were characterized using rheological methods. The panellists (n = 88) analysed the formulations with and without nanoencapsulated lipoic acid as paired comparisons within the discriminative and affective sensory analysis. In these measurements, spreadability, stickiness, oiliness and sulphur odour were evaluated. The panellists had no previous training in conducting these measurements. It was shown that nanotechnology can change some sensory characteristics of the formulations. The spreadability, stickiness and oiliness are the attributes for which the panellists noted differences with statistical significance. The spreadability difference could be due to the results found in the rheological profiles and consistency indexes between formulations. In the discriminative analysis, the panellists could not detect any noticeable differences in the sulphur odour or residual properties between samples, attributes that would influence whether consumers adhered to the selected treatment. Considering affective analysis, the consumers communicated that the formulation containing the nanoencapsulated lipoic acid, which presented less consistency, was preferred based on the reduction in immediate stickiness and residual sulphur odour. The free lipoic acid formulation was preferred in terms of residual oiliness and spreadability.     

Study of the physical properties of whey protein: sericin protein-blended edible films

Effects of the sericin protein on the physical properties of the whey protein isolate film including the mechanical strength, water vapor permeability, light transmission, moisture content, solubility and swelling were investigated in the present work. The mechanical strength of the whey protein film could be reinforced with 0.1% sericin caused by the hydrogen bonding between the sericin and whey protein molecules. Excess addition of the sericin promoted sericin self-aggregation which made the network microstructure of the film heterogeneous and therefore reduced its mechanical strength. The water vapor permeability of the film decreased with the sericin content; in contrast, the other physical properties of the film such as the moisture content, solubility, swelling, light transmission and transparency were not be significantly affected under the present experimental conditions.     

花生蛋白饮料的研制

本文简述了用水溶法提取花生蛋白制备蛋白饮料的工艺流程。并对花生蛋白的溶解性、蛋白饮料的稳定性、风味和色泽与pH关系等关键问题的研究作了重点报道。花生蛋白饮料的营养成分分析表明该饮料是营养价值很高的全价饮料,具有很大的开发价值。     

蛋白饮料中β-胡萝卜素稳定性研究

以β－胡萝卜素保存率为稳定性指标,就光线、贮存温度和贮存时间对蛋白饮料中添加β－胡萝卜素的影响进行了探讨。结果表明：β－胡萝卜素的保存率随贮存时间的延长而下降;随贮存温度的升高其下降幅度加剧;光照贮存比避光贮存的损耗率大;在相同的贮存时间内,贮存温度（４０℃）比光线强度（１５００ｌｘ）对β－胡萝卜素的破坏作用更大。     

Development and application of soy‐protein films to reduce fat intake in deep‐fried foods

A soy protein film coating was developed and evaluated to reduce fat transfer in deep‐fried foods during frying. Soy protein isolate solutions (10% SPI) with 0.05% gellan gum as plasticizer cooled after being held at 80 °C for 20 min provided suitable films. There was a significant fat reduction (55.12 (±6.03)%db) between fried uncoated and coated discs of doughnut mix. The same films were used on potato fries. Some panellists observed a slight difference between the coated and uncoated fries but many preferred the coated fries over the uncoated ones. Penetration test on potato fries showed no significant difference between the texture of coated (SPI with gellan gum) and the uncoated fried samples. A solution of 10% SPI with 0.05% gellan gum is recommended for coating foods to reduce fat intake during deep‐fat frying. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of plasticizers, pH and heating of film-forming solution on the properties of pea protein isolate films

Effects of glycerol (3-7% w/w) and sorbitol (4-8% w/w) concentration, pH (7.0, 9.0, 11.0) and heating (90 °C, 20 min) of film-forming solution (FFS) on the water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture content (MC), solubility, light transmission and transparency of pea protein isolate (PPI) films were investigated. Films plasticized with sorbitol exhibited significantly lower WVP, lower MC and higher solubility, in comparison with glycerol-plasticized films. Increasing glycerol content of the films led to increases in WVP and MC but did not affect film solubility. In contrast, increase in sorbitol content had no effect on permeability and MC but resulted in increased film solubility. Moisture sorption isotherms of PPI films suggested that the difference in WVP observed among films plasticized with glycerol and sorbitol might be due to the different hygroscopicity of these plasticizers. The pH of FFS did not have a significant effect on WVP and MC. Solubility of PPI films formed from non-heated FFS was not affected by pH, whereas solubility of films formed from heat-treated FFS generally increased when pH was increased from 7.0 to 11.0. Heating of FFS resulted in improved film transparency. All tested films were characterized by excellent ability to absorb UV radiation. Microstructural observation by scanning electron microscopy did not show differences between sorbitol- and glycerol-plasticized films.     

焦香稻芽发酵饮料的研制及分析

该试验以焙烤焦香稻芽为原料,接种实验室自制发酵剂制得焦香稻芽发酵饮料。以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素和响应面试验优化饮料的发酵工艺条件,并对饮料的理化、卫生和感官指标进行分析。结果表明,焦香稻芽发酵饮料的最佳发酵条件为24 ℃条件下恒温发酵18 h,发酵剂接种量4%。在此优化条件下,发酵饮料含有特有的焦香味、澄清透明、口感适中,感官评分达到95.0分,总酸含量为1.98 mL/100 mL,还原糖含量为8.25%,可溶性固形物含量为1.30%,蛋白质含量为2.42%,氨基酸态氮含量为732 mg/100 mL,产气量为0.46%。     

How circular will you eat? The sustainability challenge in food and consumer reaction to either waste-to-value or yet underused novel ingredients in food

In the light of the sustainability challenge ahead, the food sector has to become more resource efficient. This includes moving towards a circularity approach in which by-products from production side-streams are re-inserted into the food chain. However, it is unclear how consumers react to food products based on ingredients previously wasted in the supply chain, or innovative food ingredients from yet underused production streams. The current study uses an experimental survey design to assess consumer attitude towards a plant-based cocoa drink among 491 Danish consumers of cocoa-flavoured drinks. In a between-subjects design, the product is first, either from the market leader in plant-based drinks or from an unfamiliar, non-Danish brand, second, contains either potato or grass protein, and third, is presented with or without communication on the sustainability benefit. The benefit consists of potato protein being from by-products previously wasted, and grass protein an innovative ingredient yet underused for food purpose. Attitude towards the new product is assessed relative to a soy based cocoa drink of the same brand. ANOVA results show a main effect of gender and brand and an interaction of ingredient with both brand and communication, respectively. For both grass and potato proteins, the unknown brand is relatively preferred – more pronounced for potato – and better liked by males. Communication improves attitude towards potato drink. Findings imply that brand- and product design-related differences play a role in determining attitude to products with such new ingredients. Consumers’ relatively lower attitude towards the potato ingredient can be alleviated by communication.     

Effect of Soymilk Substitution on the Rheological and Sensory Properties of Salep (Traditional Turkish Milk Beverage)

Soymilk mixed at a proportion of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (g/100 g total milk) with cow's milk to make a salep, a beverage prepared from the dried tubers of Orchis mascula. The values of the flow behaviour index, n, of salep samples decreased as the soymilk content in the beverage increased. All salep beverages exhibited a pseudoplastic behaviour. Among the samples, salep beverage containing 25% soymilk was scored the highest in terms of overall acceptance by sensory panellists. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were determined for colour, odour, taste, mouthfeel, and overall acceptance as the concentration of soymilk increased in salep beverage. This study produced a beverage from cow's milk and soymilk to offer a promising nutritious and healthy alternative to the consumers with a reasonable acceptance. The rheological parameters of the cow's milk-soymilk salep blends obtained in this study may have useful implications for design and processing.     

Whey protein hydrolysate: Functional properties,nutritional quality and utilization in beverage formulation

The objective of the study was to analyze the functional and nutritional properties of enzymatically hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate (WPC) and to formulate a beverage mix. WPC hydrolysates were produced using fungal protease and papain, at time intervals of 20, 40 and 60 min and were analyzed for proximate composition and functional properties. A beverage was formulated with hydrolyzed WPC, skim milk powder, cocoa, liquid glucose, sugar and vegetable fat and analyzed for physicochemical properties, sensory attributes and keeping quality. Results revealed that the protein content of WPC was 75.6% and decreased slightly on enzyme treatment (69.6%). The water absorption capacity of WPC was 10 ml/100 g and increased in enzyme treated samples from 16 to 34 ml/100 g with increase in the time of hydrolysis. Emulsion capacity (45 ml of oil/g of control WPC) showed a decreasing trend with increasing time of hydrolysis. Enzyme treatment slightly increased the foam capacity in three samples but lowered foam stability in all. The gel filtration pattern of enzyme treated samples showed an increase in low molecular weight fractions. The amino acid profile showed higher content of methionine in samples treated with enzymes, compared to the control. The in vitro protein digestibility of untreated WPC was 25% and increased in all treated samples to varying degrees (69–70%). Formulated beverage had 52% protein, 10% fat and 6.6% ash. There were no significant differences in the sensory attributes of formulated and commercial beverage. The formulated beverage could be stored well in a PET container for 30 days.     

Consumer liking of refined and whole wheat breads

ABSTRACT:  Preference for refined bread is often cited as a reason for the relatively low consumption of whole wheat bread; only a few studies, however, have examined consumer preferences between refined and whole wheat breads, and the results of these studies are inconclusive. Our objective was to determine if refined wheat bread is preferred to whole wheat bread. We hypothesized that people would prefer refined wheat bread. We conducted a taste test with 89 people. They rated their liking of 9 different breads chosen to represent several comparisons between equivalent refined and whole wheat breads. The participants also rated the intensity of 6- n -propylthiouracil (PROP) and completed a questionnaire about their bread preferences and purchasing habits. We classified the participants by their bread preference and their PROP taster status, and then examined the liking patterns of these subgroups. People preferred refined bread to whole wheat bread when both were made using equivalent ingredients and procedures. They liked the commercial samples of refined and whole wheat breads equally well. When people were classified by their bread preference, those who preferred refined bread liked the refined bread better in all comparisons. PROP nontasters liked all refined and whole wheat breads equally. Sensory preferences are a barrier to whole wheat bread consumption, but ingredient or processing modifications can improve liking of whole wheat bread to the level of refined bread.     

乳清大豆复合蛋白饮料的研制

对乳清大豆复合蛋白饮料的加工工艺进行了研究,通过单因素及正交试验确定了最佳配方及工艺条件,试验结果表明选择合适的复合乳化稳定剂、工艺上采用预乳化及二次高压均质均有助于提高复合蛋白饮料的稳定性。