Recent developments in representation in the science of design

A recent goal in computer-aided design is the representation of a design artifact in a form sufficient to support all analyses and to determine that the design is realizable. Some aspects of a theory of design representations are presented. The benefits of developing such a theory are discussed.     

Multi-objective system reliability-based optimization method for design of a fully parametric concept car body

This article investigates multi-objective optimization under reliability constraints with applications in vehicle structural design. To improve computational efficiency, an improved multi-objective system reliability-based design optimization (MOSRBDO) method is developed, and used to explore the lightweight and high-performance design of a concept car body under uncertainty. A parametric model knowledge base is established, followed by the construction of a fully parametric concept car body of a multi-purpose vehicle (FPCCB-MPV) based on the knowledge base. The structural shape, gauge and topology optimization are then designed on the basis of FPCCB-MPV. The numerical implementation of MOSRBDO employs the double-loop method with design optimization in the outer loop and system reliability analysis in the inner loop. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization is used as the outer loop optimization solver. An improved multi-modal radial-based importance sampling (MRBIS) method is utilized as the system reliability solver for multi-constraint analysis in the inner loop. The accuracy and efficiency of the MRBIS method are demonstrated on three widely used test problems. In conclusion, MOSRBDO has been successfully applied for the design of a full parametric concept car body. The results show that the improved MOSRBDO method is more effective and efficient than the traditional MOSRBDO while achieving the same accuracy, and that the optimized body-in-white structure signifies a noticeable improvement from the baseline model.     

Back to the future with CAD: its impact on product design and development

This paper briefly examines the history of the management and organisation of the product development cycle. It looks at some of the key factors that have affected product development, and how information technology through CAD may have opened the door to a simultaneous product design process that has more in common with ‘older’ craft-based methods than those developed in the recent industrial era.     

Scenario of an integrated design support for architects

The FABEL system is a research prototype which demonstrates an integrated support for architects and civil engineers in building design. On the basis of a modern computer-aided architectural design tool (CARD) the FABEL prototype offers several tools to supply useful cases, adapt cases to current needs, assess design fragments, or generate parts of a building plan. The use of the system and the scope of its support is illustrated. Its hybrid nature and the integration of different tools is commented on. The tools are assessed with respect to their extensibility within the present domain or to other design domains.     

Integration of design systems for energy related applications

An EPSRC funded Engineering Design Centre (EDC) has been established at The Queen's University of Belfast to develop integrated design software for energy related applications. Software is being developed for the design of two-stroke engines, power station controllers and wave power stations. These ‘real’ design problems are highly complex with a large number of interrelated variables resulting in a wide range of design permutations. Although at an early state of application, the advantages of using object orientated design/programming methodologies is being demonstrated in the development of ‘structured’ design software. It is concluded that a balance must be struck between the complexity and the accuracy of the analytic models describing the interrelationship between the variables. This depends on the stage of the design optimization process. It is argued that complex optimization routines can only be justified when the process is well-defined and accurately modelled. Modelling of many systems includes approximations which have a more significant effect on the design optimization process than some of the variables.     

基于计算机辅助的光学薄膜优化设计方法

概述了光学薄膜优化设计的发展和光学薄膜优化设计的原理。详细介绍了当前光学薄膜优化设计中几种常用方法并分析了它们的优缺点，最后预测了光学优化设计方法以后的发展趋势。     

马克思主义对中国工业设计的指导作用

提出了用马克思主义指导我国工业设计的论点,从马克思主义指导我国工业设计发展的必要性、马克思主义强调人文精神与科学精神的有机结合、马克思主义重新界定艺术的含义、马克思的"艺术生产"理论化解我国工业设计存在的难题、马克思主义为我国工业设计的发展指明方向的几个方面对论点进行了论述,结论是马克思主义与工业设计相结合,不但能够指导我国工业设计的健康发展,而且为马克思主义的应用开拓了新的领域.文中试图为我国工业设计理论体系建提供哲学依据.     

三维测量试验样机结构虚拟设计

 根据三维测量系统要求设计了中刀结构和轴承结构方案,为便于通过试验手段比较这2种方案的性能优劣,对试验样机提出了各种设计要求。制订了具体的虚拟设计流程,基于Pro/E软件建立了参数化实体模型,循环进行了有限元静力学分析和重心坐标计算等。设计了试验样机的具体结构,分析表明设计结果符合试验样机的各种要求。虚拟设计技术的应用显著提高了设计质量和效率,简化了分析计算过程。该设计流程为其他试验样机的设计提供了参考。     

Urbigraph: a computer aid for design participation

This paper describes a computer-aided architectural design technique called Urbigraph system. The system has been developed as a support for participatory planning. It consists of a set of two simulation games, and a computer is used as a communication medium. The paper presents some practical aspects of its implementation and working experience with the digitiser as gained in Poland.     

MIKROPLIS: a hypertext system for design

MIKROPLIS is hypertext software for handling textual information representing designers' reasoning. It is based on PHI (procedurally hierarchy of issues), a refinement of the IBIS (issue-based information system) design method. This article explains the history of hypertext, the PHI variant of IBIS and the MIKROPLIS system itself.     

Once is not enough: repeated exposure to and aesthetic evaluation of an automobile design prototype

In industry, design selection and refinement decisions are frequently based on consumers' one-time aesthetic impressions of a proposed design. This paper reports on a study in which the same group of people were asked to evaluate a design prototype on two separate occasions at a 3-month interval. The results reveal that their perceptions of a design concept appear to change with repeated exposure. This finding suggests that design evaluation protocols which rely on a one-time evaluation may provide misleading information to designers and design decision-makers about consumer enthusiasm for a given design over its production lifetime.     

基于2009-2018年《人民日报》数据库的中国工业设计产业发展可视化研究

目的通过对2009—2018年《人民日报》发表的关于工业设计相关内容做共词可视化分析,以期对中国工业设计产业的现状及发展热点进行全面认知,为深层次研究工业设计产业提供参考。方法以2009—2018年《人民日报》刊登的工业设计产业294篇报道为数据样本,通过NoteExpress和Tableau进行可视化分析,以知识图谱的形式梳理近10年中国工业设计产业发展的现状、脉络及前沿趋势。结论中国工业设计产业发展呈现上升趋势,但呈现东高西低发展不均衡的特征。目前设计产业发展主要涉及地区建设、设计展览与论坛等10项内容,以广东省为例分析近10年工业设计产业的演进过程,中国工业设计产业将逐步从自发性发展过渡到自觉性发展。     

绿色包装设计先行

针对目前绿色包装的狭隘性,提出了"绿色包装,设计先行"的观点,明确了系统化设计、人性化设计对于绿色包装的重要作用,悉此使包装设计环节受到应有重视.     

浅谈可持续发展与绿色包装设计概念

通过对可持续发展与绿色包装设计概念的分析,及对传统包装设计与绿色包装设计的比较,指出可持续发展与绿色包装设计理念、方法.重点阐述了包装设计师在绿色设计思想的指导下,必须采用"整体思维"来对待设计问题.     

Simulated experimental design used to define the characteristic curves of car shock‐absorbers

This paper introduces a special ‘quality’ parameter on automotive perspective, i.e. the quality index in order to measure the customer satisfaction with car manoeuvrability. In particular, it describes how the characteristic setting curves of a car shock‐absorber can be optimized using subjective customer assessment of three categories of perception: handling, steering quality and ride‐comfort. These, called manoeuvrability indices, were used to represent the assessment of customer satisfaction with car manoeuvrability. The characteristic curves for each shock‐absorber setting were defined using parameters which uniquely determined their shape. Subsequent analysis was carried out using simulated experimental design which adopts a numeric model of vehicle simulation thereby enabling experimental costs to be reduced. This analysis made it possible to ascertain which setting parameter values provided the best compromise among the three categories of required performance. A codified method of optimization was then developed. This method, which includes the three categories of perception, will be extended to all new projects. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.