以浮游植物评价白山水库的营养水平

１９８９年７、１０月和１９９０年５月，对白山水库进行了浮游植物的调查，且设置了Ⅰ～Ⅴ断面进行取样监测。该水库浮游植物群落属于富营养——硅藻型，数量和生物量均值分别为５７．４９万个／Ｌ和３．３０ｍｇ／Ｌ，综合指数为３．３２７，表明该水库已达到中富营养水平。在不同断面和不同季节浮游植物的种类组成、数量和生物量差异较大。白山水库具备了良好的饵料基础，对渔业有利，只要能合理、有效地利用，不仅可获得较好的经济效益，而且能防止水体向极度富营养化发展。     

沙河水库浮游植物季节变化特征

为了解沙河水库浮游植物群落季节变化特征,于2020年对沙河水库浮游植物和水质进行调查监测,分析了浮游植物的种类组成、密度、优势种群及季节性变化,并结合水质,运用多样性指数、均匀度指数和物种丰富度指数进行综合评价.     

粤东主要水库浮游植物与富营养状态分析评价

运用营养状态指数法、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数法和确定优势藻类法评价粤东10座主要水库2013年的营养化状态和浮游植物群落构成情况。其中,汤溪水库的营养化程度最高,接近富营养,蓝藻占绝对优势,藻类生物多样性指数最低,发生蓝藻水华的可能性较大;其余9座水库处于中营养的状态,属于硅藻-绿藻型,三坑水库的营养化程度最低。     

红山水库2020年及2021年营养化状态变化分析

文章对红山水库2020年及2021年富营养化状态进行对比分析,并对高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮、叶绿素a和透明度5项主要指标以及径流量对红山水库5年度富营养化状态的影响加以探讨。     

水库型水源地浮游植物不同种类季节演替动态模拟研究

针对水库型水源地——金泽水库运行初期的水生态环境特点并结合浮游植物调查结果,基于Mike3软件的Ecolab模块二次开发,构建了可描述硅藻、蓝藻、绿藻3种不同藻类以及沉水植物、浮游动物、碎屑等在水体中相互作用过程的生态动力学模型,模型经验证与实测资料吻合较好。对不同种类浮游植物随季节的动态变化过程进行模拟,结果表明：金泽水库运行初期浮游植物不同种类季节演替表现为春季以硅藻、绿藻为主,8—9月蓝藻大量增殖,10月蓝藻生物量快速回落后以绿藻和硅藻为主的特点;浮游植物生物量在春季(4—5月)和秋季(8—9月)有两个峰值,且春季峰值高于秋季,冬季生物量最低,温度是影响金泽水库浮游植物群落生消演替的重要环境因子。浮游植物生物量的空间分布表明,不同库区的流速和光照条件差异对浮游植物群落的空间分布起到重要的作用,同时,库区沉水植物和浮游植物生长的竞争关系以及沉水植物的克藻效应有效抑制了浮游植物的增殖。     

季节变化对渔洞水库水质的影响

通过对渔洞水库2001—2007年水量及部分水质监测资料的统计分析,指出季节变化引起水库水体热分层及对流,使部份水质受到不同程度的影响,并根据其部分水质随季节变化的特性,得出冬、夏两季分别释放水库底、表层水体有利于改善水库水体水质的分析结论。     

崂山水库除险加固工程设计

青岛市崂山水库经过几十年的运行,工程建筑物多处存在老化、病害和安全隐患。根据工程的具体情况,经过方案比选,确定的除险加固方案为：主坝不加高,修复反滤;拆除并重建溢洪道,适当降低溢洪道堰顶高程;引冲式自溃坝改建成溢流堰;封堵原坝下放水洞,建新放水洞。加固完成后,不仅消除了水库的病险隐患,而且提高了水库的防洪能力,保证了青岛市的供水和防洪安全。     

季节变化对渔洞水库水温、水质的影响分析

通过对渔洞水库2001-2007年水量及部分水质监测资料的统计分析,指出季节变化引起水库水体热分层及对流,使部份水质受到不同程度的影响,并根据其部分水质随季节变化的特性,得出冬、夏两季分别释放水库底、表层水体有利于改善水库水体水质的分析结论。     

洪泽湖浮游藻类变化动态及影响因素

针对2011年7月至2013年10月在洪泽湖11个采样点20次采样获得的湖水表层浮游藻类和水质理化指标数据,采用Shannon-Wiener指数H和优势度指数Y进行数据统计处理,分析洪泽湖浮游藻类时空分布动态及其影响要素。结果表明:洪泽湖浮游藻类共有7门60属144种,主要包括绿藻门66种、硅藻门36种、蓝藻门23种、裸藻门13种。浮游藻类群落具有明显的时空异质性,物种丰富度夏季最高,秋季中等,冬春季最低;西北部(成子湖区)和河流入湖口(溧河洼)高,湖心和河流出湖口(蒋坝)低;浮游藻类细胞密度全湖平均值变幅为157万~604万个/L,夏秋高,冬春--低;成子湖区等静水区高,入湖和出湖口低。浮游藻类组成和细胞密度的时间动态与温度、水位及营养盐(TN、TP等)的季节差异有关,而其空间动态与水动力因素和营养盐(NH3-N)的空间差异有关。建议限制洪泽湖营养盐陆地输入,合理调控洪泽湖水动力,以遏制洪泽湖蓝藻水华的发生。     

基于指标权重的湖库营养状态识别

针对湖库营养状态识别未考虑指标权重及营养状态分级较少的不足,基于熵值法与概率神经网络（PNN）基本原理,提出熵值PNN湖库营养状态识别模型,以全国24个湖库营养状态识别为例进行分析。利用熵值法确定识别指标权重,依据我国湖库富营养化评价标准,将湖库营养状态划分为极贫营养一极重度富营养11个等级,提出基于改进的湖库营养状态识别等级标准,在等级标准域值间采用随机内插的方法生成样本对PNN模型进行训练和检验,利用正确识别率和运行时间对PNN模型性能进行评价。最后,基于两种方案对全国24个湖库营养状态进行识别。结果表明：@PNN模型对于随机生成的训练样本和检验样本的正确识别率分别达到98．9％、98．6％（5次平均）,模型用于湖库营养状态识别是合理可行的。②湖库识别结果存在差异。比较而言,基于指标权重考虑的识别结果更能科学、客观地反映湖库营养状态。     

广州市大金钟水库浮游植物与环境因子的关系

对治理并维护运行了1年的大金钟水库进行5次采样实验,研究经修复后的水库中浮游植物的时空变化,并运用相关系数法分析了浮游植物变化与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明:随着水温降低,喜暖性的蓝藻数量急剧减少,与水温呈明显正相关关系(r＝0.986,p<0.05);其他藻类因不再受蓝藻抑制,数量呈上升趋势,特别是硅藻和绿藻代替蓝藻...     

Modelling the effects of artificial mixing and copper sulphate dosing on phytoplankton in an Australian reservoir

An artificially destratified reservoir was simulated with the freshwater phytoplankton model PROTECH (Phytoplankton Responses To Environmental Change). The chosen site for validation was a highly managed drinking water supply reservoir (Myponga Reservoir, South Australia). Chemical dosing using copper sulphate (CuSO₄) and artificial mixing via an aerator and two raft‐mounted mechanical surface mixers (hereafter referred to as surface mixers) are used at Myponga to manage water quality, in particular the threat of cyanobacteria growth. The phytoplankton community was adequately modelled and showed that the community was dominated by species tolerant of low light doses (R‐type strategists). The light limitation in the water body was found to be the controlling factor on phytoplankton succession. Subsequently, small fast‐growing species and larger motile phytoplankton (C and CS‐type, respectively) do not have the opportunity to dominate under all simulated conditions, diminishing the need for CuSO₄ dosing. These simulations demonstrated that the individual and combined impact of the management strategies reduces the total algal biomass, but have minimal effect upon phytoplankton functional‐type succession, and R‐type species continued to dominate under all simulated scenarios. It was concluded that, due to the light‐limitation and current nutrient availability in Myponga Reservoir, the probability of persistent populations of undesirable scum‐forming cyanobacteria is minimal, even in the absence of artificial control.     

Seasonal variation in the phytoplankton of a saline lowland river (Buenos Aires,Argentina) throughout an intensive sampling period

The aim of this survey was to analyse seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition and abundance with respect to temperature and conductivity values at two sampling sites in the Salado River's lower basin: El Destino and Guerrero. Samples were taken twice a week from 9 March 2004 to 20 July 2004. A total of 145 and 143 species were identified for these two sites, respectively. Infrequent species were discarded to avoid statistical misinterpretations. Autocorrelation analyses (Ljung‐Box Q‐statistic) were performed in order to establish seasonal patterns for species abundance. Similar significant (p < 0.05) autocorrelation patterns were observed for phytoplankton species composition, temperature and conductivity, thus, illustrating correlations with seasonal behaviour. On the basis of these data, species were grouped as (1) late‐summer: with 34 species well represented in warm waters (>22°C) (e.g. Planctonema lauterbornii and Chroococcus spp.); (2) winter: with 10 species that reached their highest densities in cold waters (<12°C) (e.g. Binuclearia eriensis and Microcystis firma); (3) transitional: of only four species with abundance peaks during intermediate conditions (15.5°C average) such as Closteriopsis acicularis and Nodularia spumigena and (4) independent: with 22 species of random behaviour whose autocorrelations remain within confidence limits. These four classifications pertain to species with similar presence at both sampling sites; the rest of the species evinced slightly different patterns. An apparent season‐associated succession of species was detected with those adapted to the warm, stagnant water of the late summer being replaced by others acclimated to the cold water of the winter. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三峡库区香溪河水体营养状态变化分析

为了系统了解三峡水库175 m蓄水运行后坝前最大支流香溪河水体营养状态变化,为水库水环境管理提供技术支撑,利用2011~2016年香溪河水体营养状态指标长系列的野外观测资料,分析了香溪河营养状态相关指标叶绿素a、总磷、总氮、透明度、高锰酸盐指数及综合营养状态指数动态变化。结果表明:香溪河水体综合营养状态指数年内呈先增大后减小的变化过程,最大值出现在每年4~9月间,最小值通常出现在水库高水位运行期11月至次年1月,2011~2016年,年均水体综合营养状态指数总体较为稳定,除2014年呈轻度富营养状态外,其他年份均为中营养状态,变化范围为45.57~52.62;香溪河水体氮磷营养丰富,年均值变化范围分别为1.41~2.06,0.13~0.20 mg/L,远高于国际上水体富营养化TN、TP浓度阈值;2011~2016年,总磷浓度年均值变化不大,总体有增大的趋势,需要引起关注;叶绿素a、透明度、高锰酸盐指数年际间总体变化不大。     

Seasonal variations in phytoplankton populations in Ogelube Lake, a small natural West African Lake

Water samples were collected on a monthly basis at three locations along the north–south axis of the lake at 1 m depth intervals for 1 year. A sedimentation technique was used for microscopic examination of the samples. The monthly mean and seasonal phytoplankton densities were calculated. The original data were square‐root transformed, and analysis of variance performed with SPSS version 10.0. The significant treatment effects were determined using Fisher's least significance difference at the 5% probability level. The mean phytoplankton population per millilitre was very high for the entire sampling period. There was a phytoplankton bloom formation in the early rainy season, with the mean total phytoplankton population density for the rainy season (April–October) being significantly higher than that of for the dry season (November–March). A population increase was observed during the late part of the dry season to the early part of the rainy season. During the rainy season, Chlorophyceae (mostly desmids) were most abundant, followed by Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Chrysophyceae and Xanthophyceae, in decreasing order of abundance. This order changed slightly in the dry season, when there was relative abundance of Bacillariophyceae over Cyanophyceae, and Dinophyceae over Euglenophyceae. The low population of Euglenophyceae indicates that the organic pollution is still low, with the predominance of desmids, indicating an oligotrophic lake condition.     

湖库营养状态评价方法及适用性分析

富营养化是我国湖泊、水库当前面临的主要水环境问题,营养状态评价方法是识别湖库营养状态和水污染程度的主要技术手段。本文采用行业主管部门颁布的湖库营养状态评价方法,以北京市密云水库和昆明市滇池为例,对比分析了综合营养状态指数和营养状态指数2种评价方法下的湖库营养状态评价结果。从不同评价方法的特点和实例的评价结果差异归纳总结了综合营养状态指数法和营养状态指数法的适用性特征,提出湖库水体营养状态指数评价方法选择的基本原则,可为湖泊、水库营养状态评价的规范化管理提供科学依据。     

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton species in Lake Victoria and the influence of iron and zinc ions on the dominant species identified during 2006–2007 studies

The current study was conducted for 2 years (2006 and 2007) during January, April and September to investigate seasonal variations in biological parameters and planktonic biodiversity observed at four sampling sites (MRM, M500, SRM and S500) in Lake Victoria. Blue‐green algae (Cyanophyta) dominated the lakeshore waters of Lake Victoria, comprising 54.1% of the total algal content, compared to 24.4% for diatoms and 14.7% for green algae (Chlorophyta). Euglenophytes and dinoflagellates both constitute <10% of the algal biomass. The algal distribution at the Sango Bay sampling sites, however, is different in that it is dominated by diatoms, in contrast to Murchison Bay, which was dominated by blue‐green algae. This study also investigated the influence of iron (Fe²⁺and Fe³⁺) and zinc (Zn²⁺) ions on four strains of microcystis (CYN 464, CYN 465, CYN 478 and CYN 522) isolated from Murchison Bay in Lake Victoria. The suggestion that iron species and zinc ions might limit phytoplankton growth in Lake Victoria was tested by enriching algal culture media with different metal concentrations. Based on measurements of the algal biomass of four species of Lake Victoria, the algal biomass of the four microcystis strains generally decreased with increased zinc and Fe²⁺ concentrations. The algal biomass of the four strains, however, increased with increased Fe³⁺ concentrations. This response to different metal concentrations provides evidence that high Zn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ ion concentrations limit phytoplankton growth and species distribution. The availability of Fe³⁺ ions is an important selective force on Lake Victoria phytoplankton communities.     

Seasonal water level fluctuations: Implications for reservoir limnology and management

With the purpose of finding out whether seasonal water level fluctuations could affect water quality in a reservoir subjected to those changes, trends in environmental variables and in phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages were analysed. The reservoir's hydrological cycle was characterized by three regimes. The maximum level phase lasted from January to the beginning of June, the emptying phase existed between mid‐June to the beginning of September and the minimum level phase lasted from mid‐September to the beginning of the first autumn/winter rain events. The highest values of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, water colour and chlorophyll a were found during the minimum level phase. The phytoplankton assemblage was dominated by taxa typical of meso‐eutrophic environments during the emptying and minimum level phases. However, during the maximum level phase, taxa generally found in more oligotrophic systems were observed here also. Similar to other disturbed systems, the zooplankton assemblage was dominated by Rotifera, except in summer and autumn when the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia quadrangula and/or the copepod Tropocyclops prasinus became dominant. Although those shifts seem to be related to water level variations, further research is needed to evaluate to what extent they might also be induced by other seasonal factors acting independently of water fluctuations. Based upon the obtained data, suggestions for reservoir management are proposed.