残余热应力对复合材料修理金属裂纹板影响分析

本文建立了复合材料胶接修理金属裂纹板的三板有限元模型;采用分析金属裂纹板裂纹尖端应力强度因子的方法,分析了残余热应力对复合材料修理金属裂纹板修理效果的影响。结果表明,残余热应力对单面修理结构的影响小于双面修理结构。残余热应力对单面修理结构的影响由于裂纹板宽度比值不同而不同。补片与母板的热膨胀系数相差越大,残余热应力对修补效果影响越大。     

液化石油气球罐裂纹成因分析与讨论

对两台1500m3液化石油气球罐在用检验中所发现裂纹的成因进行了分析。有限元应力计算和X射线衍射残余应力测试表明,球罐赤道环焊缝位置存在较高的工作应力和焊接残余应力;对典型裂纹中夹杂物能谱分析表明,这些夹杂物是焊渣;在分析球罐现场组焊焊接工艺的基础上,得出焊缝裂纹主要是由于焊接工艺不当所致,进而提出了修复方案。     

哈氏合金C276管道焊接残余应力与变形的有限元分析

针对哈氏合金C276焊接特点,运用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对哈氏合金C276管道多道焊残余应力进行了有限元模拟。利用单元生死技术,模拟焊缝金属的形成;利用FORTRAN语言编写子程序DFLUX,实现了移动的高斯分布热源;考虑对流、传导、辐射以及高温下的材料性能,获得了残余应力和变形的分布规律。计算结果表明,在焊缝及热影响区,轴向拉应力对内壁裂纹的产生有主要的影响,环向拉应力对外壁裂纹的产生有主要的影响。线能量对温度和变形的影响较大,而对残余应力影响不大。     

仿龙泉哥窑冰裂纹釉工艺条件因素的研究

笔者以钾长石、钠长石、方解石、龙岩土、氧化锌为主要原料研制了龙泉哥窑冰裂纹釉。通过考察烧成制度及制备工艺等对冰裂纹釉面效果的影响,制备出仿龙泉哥窑冰裂效果较好的冰裂纹釉。研究结果表明:最佳工艺参数为:球磨时间40min,浸釉时间30s,在烧成温度为1 250℃,当坯与釉的热膨胀系数的差值Δα1×10~(-6)/℃时,冰裂纹釉效果明显,釉面光滑。     

含裂纹金属板复合材料胶接修补结构残余热应力分析

残余热应力会增大裂纹尖端的应力强度因子SIF,加快疲劳裂纹扩展速率,缩短修补结构的疲劳寿命。利用三维有限元方法,对含裂纹金属板复合材料胶接修补结构中的残余热应力进行了分析,利用虚拟裂纹闭合技术(VCCT)计算了修复结构裂纹尖端的SIF。并以SIF为判据,讨论了补片铺层方向、固化温度、胶层的材料参数对修复结构残余热应力的影响。结果表明,[0°/45°/-45°/90°]s的铺层方式可有效降低残余热应力引起的SIF;残余热应力引起的SIF随着固化温度的升高而线性增加;胶层的材料参数及胶层厚度对残余热应力引起的SIF影响不显著。     

管子与管板的液压胀接

为了防止管子与管板连接处的应力腐蚀裂纹,需要找到一种产生较低残余应力的连接方法。液压胀接就是一种可取的方法。本文介绍为确定这些残余应力而进行的实验和理论工作。我们最感兴趣的是管子的胀接部分与非胀接部分之间的过渡区域。所用的测量技术是X光衍射试验、应力腐蚀裂纹试验和应变测量。应用了有限元分析。此外,对这种连接方式的拉力强度、长度变化等等也进行了研究。     

从实践到理论——冰裂纹青瓷形成机理的探索与发现

通过含铁量不同的三种胎体施以冰裂纹釉进行烧制实验，并对实验结果进行深入分析和研究，发现冰裂纹青瓷的形成机理是因为釉层玻璃相、胎体玻璃相、胎体石英或方石英晶体三者之间热膨胀系数的差异，导致釉层中形成拉应力和压应力相间分布的应力空间，从而在釉层空间形成斜开片且层状分布像玫瑰花瓣一样的冰裂纹。     

基于扩展有限元的钢结构钻孔止裂研究

通过以ABAQUS为平台,采用扩展有限元方法对钢结构钻孔止裂进行数值模拟,同时对循环载荷下止裂孔应力应变状态进行分析,对疲劳裂纹钻孔止裂处理机理进行了深入研究。研究表明,扩展有限元法分析疲劳裂纹扩展再生及钻孔止裂技术时不需要预先指定裂纹扩展方向,无须重新剖分网格,克服了常规有限元方法的弊端,为复杂形状裂纹问题提供了更优的解决方法;止裂孔减小了孔边应力集中部位的平均应力,延长了疲劳裂纹在止裂孔边的再生寿命;当止裂孔直径取为0.4倍疲劳裂纹长度时可以获得较好止裂效果,对钻孔止裂理论的研究具有一定参考意义。     

新型裂纹釉的试制生产

１前言裂纹釉又名百圾碎,是祖国传统陶瓷艺术瑰宝之一,因纹路奇特而闻名于世。为使其在新世纪旧貌换新颜,更好更广泛地应用于陶瓷行业,笔者探索出一种简易实用的裂纹釉生产方法。２裂纹釉形成原理为生产出裂纹釉,必须了解裂纹釉的形成原理。裂纹的形成原理可以分成两种。原理一,是在开发釉料配方的过程中,有意增加碱性氧化物的含量,使釉的热膨胀系数大于坯的热膨胀系数,这样,在烧成的冷却过程中,由于坯釉之间收缩不一致,产生张应力,当张应力超过釉层所能承受的限度时,釉层就出现龟裂,从而形成裂纹釉。裂纹釉形成的另一种原理…     

Al2O3-(W,Ti)C/Al2O3-TiC对称型叠层陶瓷的结构设计和力学性能

为提高陶瓷材料表面的硬度和韧性,热压烧结制备了Al2O3-(W,Ti)C/Al2O3-TiC对称型叠层陶瓷材料.研究了该叠层材料的层厚比和层数对材料表层的硬度、断裂韧性的影响.此外,通过压痕裂纹法的测量和有限元计算均可以得到叠层陶瓷材料表面层的残余应力值,两种方法获得的残余应力值符合得很好.通过有限元计算还可以得到叠层陶瓷材料不同层内的残余应力分布特征.对比实验表明:叠层陶瓷材料表面层较之相应单一材料而言,具有更高的硬度和断裂韧性.叠层陶瓷材料中残余压应力的存在,是叠层陶瓷材料表面层具有高硬度、高韧性的原因.而且通过改变叠层材料的层厚比和层数可改变叠层材料残余应力的分布.     

工艺条件对中温裂纹釉的影响

以钠长石、石英、硅灰石、方解石、龙岩高岭土、白云石为原料,采用氧化气氛在1 200~1 230℃制备中温裂纹釉。研究了工艺条件对中温裂纹釉的影响。实验结果表明:在配方组成不变的情况下,工艺条件对裂纹釉有着重要的影响。当球磨时间为9min时,釉浆浓度均匀易于裂纹釉的形成;同时当浸釉时间为6~9s,烧成温度为1 200~1 220℃,保温时间为20min时,釉面平整光滑,呈现大片开裂。     

新型鱼子纹艺术色釉的开发与探讨

介绍了一种新型鱼子纹艺术颜色釉的制备过程,探讨了影响鱼子纹艺术色釉釉料性能及产品釉面效能的关键因素,确定了最佳配方及工艺参数。     

Effect of Residual Compressive Stress in a Hotel-China Glaze on Some Physical Durability Properties of the Glaze

The resistance of a hotel-china glaze to fracture by impact was improved by increasing the residual compressive stresses in the glaze. Increases in residual compressive stresses were developed, for laboratory convenience, by increasing the coefficient of expansion of the body by the incorporation of alumina in the body.     

Delayed curvature and residual stresses in porcelain tiles

Most industrial porcelain tiles suffer changes in their curvature after firing: such process is known as delayed curvature. One of the hypotheses used to explain this phenomenon is based on the relaxation of residual stresses by creep. In this study two types of industrial glazed porcelain tiles have been studied. One of them displayed delayed curvature after firing, whereas the other one presented a stable curvature. The main objective was to determine if the delayed curvatures were caused by the residual stresses generated during rapid industrial cooling. Both types of existing residual stresses (thermal stresses, caused by thermal gradients inside the tile during cooling, and body–glaze fit stresses, due to the thermal expansion mismatch between body and glaze) were measured, as well as related samples properties (elastic modulus, creep behaviour, thermal expansion). The results demonstrated that the residual stresses are not the main cause of the delayed curvature phenomenon.     

试论当代龙泉青瓷装饰手法的传承与创新

古代龙泉青瓷的装饰风格独特,具体表现有：（一）无纹而饰的釉色之美;（二）片纹雅饰之美;（三）刀法如笔意,布局通画理。当代龙泉青瓷艺人传承传统青瓷的独特装饰风格,创新发展了更加丰富的青瓷装饰技法,而且更加强调发挥龙泉青瓷的厚釉类玉品质优势,把龙泉青瓷人造美玉的效果发挥到极致。     

不同基体条件下Sm_2Zr_2O_7/YSZ热障涂层的残余应力

采用有限元法研究了基体条件对等离子喷涂Sm2Zr2O7/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层涂层的残余热应力,并与单一Sm2Zr2O7涂层进行了比较。计算结果表明,涂层的残余热应力随金属基体的热膨胀系数增加而增大,当基体厚度超过25mm后,径向应力不再变化,基体半径对涂层残余应力的影响可以忽略。Sm2Zr2O7/YSZ涂层的热应力明显小于单一的Sm2Zr2O7涂层,增加涂层的层数可缓解残余热应力。     

等离子喷涂Sm_2Zr_2O_7热障涂层残余热应力

采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对等离子喷涂Sm2Zr2O7热障涂层在金属基体材质类型、厚度、半径变化时涂层的残余热应力进行了分析。结果表明,金属基体的热膨胀系数对Sm2Zr2O7热障涂层的残余热应力有着显著影响,金属粘结层与表面陶瓷层界面处的残余应力及其应力梯度随着金属基体热膨胀系数增加而增大。金属基体厚度和半径不是影响Sm2Zr2O7热障涂层残余应力的主要因素。     

有限元在梯度功能材料研究中的应用

阐述了近年来有限元方法在梯度功能材料成分优化设计,残余热应力分析、瞬间温度场模拟等方面的应用情况.     

Numerical Simulation of Shot Peening Process on Equal Channel Angular Pressed Magnesium Alloy

This paper presents the numerical simulation of inducing residual stresses on equal channel angular pressed (ECAP) magnesium alloy by shot peening process. Mg-Al-Mn (AM) series magnesium alloy was ECAP processed up to 4 passes using route B_C. Microstructures were analysed and grain size reduced from 100 µm for the as-received sample to 3 µm for ECAP 4 pass sample. Tensile test was carried out and maximum tensile strength was found in ECAP 2 pass sample and decreased with higher ECAP passes. Grain refinement was characterized by optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Material (tensile) behaviour of 2 pass sample was implemented for finite element modelling. A finite element method was used to estimate the intensity of residual stresses developed due to shot peening in ECAP processed AM80 alloy. Simulation was done with different boundary condition such as impact velocity, geometry of shot-peen media, angle of impact and multiple impacts. The results are presented and the relationship between process parameters and the intensity of residual stresses are discussed. Increase in velocity of shot peening media showed an increase in the magnitude of residual stresses. Change in geometry of shot media altered the contact area between target and shot media during impact which influenced the magnitude of residual stresses and coverage area. The magnitude of residual stresses varied with the angle of impact and the multiple repeated impacts showed that the effective depth of residual stresses increased with the number of impacts.     

Effects of imperfect adhesion on thermal micro-residual stresses in polymer matrix composites

This paper investigates the influences of imperfect bonding between the fiber and matrix on thermal micro-residual stress fields in polymer matrix composites. For this purpose, a representative volume element consisting of a three-phase composite material subjected to a uniform temperature change is considered. Based on the energy method, a three-dimensional closed-form solution for micro-residual stresses is obtained. Besides, a finite element model is developed and the results are compared with the analytical solution. Both the energy method and finite element analysis show similar trend for thermal stress distribution along the fiber length, while due to the stress singularity, the interfacial shear stress from the finite element solution cannot satisfy the stress-free condition at the fiber end. The analysis shows that the magnitude of thermal stresses and their distribution mainly depend on the bonding efficiency parameter. An increase in thermal and elastic properties bonding efficiencies leads to a considerable decrease in composite axial and shear residual stresses, while the Poisson's ratio bonding efficiency does not affect the thermal stress fields. The interfacial radial residual stress distribution is approximately independent of the bonding conditions. Inefficient bonding may result in higher residual stresses in comparison with the perfect bonding condition. It means that in cases of low bonding efficiency conditions, the ability of composites to sustain and transmit load decreases drastically. Thermal stress concentration occurs at the vicinity of the fiber ends, although peak values depend on the bonding efficiency value.