基于DET的OFDM信道估计算法及分析

在高速无线通信中,由于多径衰落和多普勒频移引起的子载波间串扰,严重影响了OFDM系统的性能。因此,接收端的信道估计显得至关重要。基于离散进化变换进行时频分析的方法,可以较完全获得一个受多径衰落、频率选择性衰落干扰的信道的特性。仿真表明,在大多普勒频移影响的时变信道中,采用时频分析的方法比常规信道估计方法的性能有明显提高。     

Channel estimation for OFDM systems using adaptive radial basis function networks

We propose a new scheme for pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in multipath fading channels, that does not require knowledge of the channel statistics (e.g., Doppler or power spectrum). It is based on using the radial basis function (RBF) network to model the dynamics of the fading process. Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional RBF networks are proposed to exploit the channel correlation in the time domain and in the time-frequency domain. The proposed RBF networks are essentially nonlinear interpolators of the pilot channels. Compared with the existing OFDM channel estimation methods based on linear filtering, the proposed new techniques offer both robustness to fading rate, and a better performance especially in relatively fast fading channels.     

Joint Semi-Blind Channel Estimation and Data Sequence Detection of OFDM Systems

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MIMO-OFDM快衰落信道的稀疏自适应感知估计

在多输入多输出（MIMO）-正交频分复用（OFDM） 系统中,怎样在较高频谱利用率的情况下对快时变信道进行较为准确的估计是一个具有挑战性的课题。该文在利用压缩感知理论可提高系统频谱利用率的基础上,提出了一种适合于快时变环境下MIMO-OFDM 系统的稀疏自适应信道估计方法。该方法不再受到奈奎斯特采样频率条件约束,避免了传统导频辅助信道估计方法频谱利用率低的缺点。该文方法通过构建多天线群时频结构特征稀疏基,利用多天线间和群时变OFDM符号内信道冲激响应具有更强稀疏性的特点,对MIMO-OFDM快衰落信道进行稀疏变换。由于实际MIMO-OFDM快衰落信道往往处于频率选择性、时变性和多种干扰并存的复杂环境,受到干扰的信道参数对系统而言是未知,采用该方法克服了现有基于压缩感知理论的信道估计方法需要预先知道信道冲激响应稀疏度才能重构信道参数的不足,在信道稀疏度未知道的情况下,运用稀疏自适应的方法来对不同时频结构特征的信道参数进行估计。仿真结果表明所提估计方法具有对快时变信道参数估计的鲁棒性和较高频谱利用率,且均方误差小。      

基于累积量和循环相关值的OFDM信号联合检测方法

为了提高在复杂信道环境下正交频分复用(OFDM)信号检测方法的性能,根据OFDM信号的渐进高斯性、自相关性、循环平稳性等特性,提出了一种基于累积量和循环相关值的OFDM信号联合检测方法.在瑞利多径衰落信道下对此方法进行了仿真研究,研究表明此方法能够有效抑制噪声和频率选择性衰落的影响,且弥补了其他方法难以区分高斯信号和OFDM信号这一不足,提高了对OFDM信号的检测率.     

OFDM系统中基于导频插入的信道估计技术

介绍了OFDM通信系统中用导频插入来进行信道估计的技术。根据导频插入的方法,信道估计可以分为基于集中式导频插入的信道估计和基于间隔式导频插入的信道估计。在描述OFDM系统信道估计模型的基础上详细阐述这两种方法,并利用多径Rayleigh衰落信道比较它们的性能。     

衰落信道下的OFDM系统Lattice编码设计

正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)是应用于高速率无线传输的一项有效技术。标准的OFDM系统的时频格是方形的,因此当信道在格点频率附近存在深度衰落时,未编码的OFDM系统面临着严重的符号恢复问题。为克服上述问题,在符号复用之前,可采用频谱利用率较高的Lattice编码。本文推导了针对衰落信道的编码优化性能指标、相应的编码设计标准,并提供了代数设计方法和实例。数值仿真结果验证了Lattice编码的OFDM系统相对于未编码系统有着更好的抗频率选择性衰落性能。     

Performance Analysis of UWB Channels for Wireless Personal Area Networks

Ultra-wide band (UWB) communication is one of the most promising technology for high data rate networks over short-range communication. The ultra-wide bandwidth offers pulses with very short duration that provides frequency diversity and multipath resolution. Ultra-wide band (UWB) channels raise new effects in the receiver, the amplitude fading statistics being different compared to the conventional narrow band wireless channels. This review paper focuses on modeling of ultra-wide band channels, especially for simulation of personal area networks and also discusses the benefits, application potential and technical challenges in wideband communication. The concept of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has recently been applied in wireless communication systems due to its high data rate transmission capability with high bandwidth efficiency and its robustness to multi-path delay. UWB OFDM communication was proposed for physical layer in the IEEE 802.15.3a standard which covers wideband communication in wireless personal area networks. Since the channel model for multicarrier UWB communication is different from that of plain ultra-wide band channel, a novel modification method in UWB channel model is proposed with specific center frequency and multipath resolution. Moreover, dynamic channel estimation is necessary before demodulation of UWB OFDM signals since the radio channel is time varying and frequency selective for wideband systems. The performance of the proposed method is statistically analyzed using LS and MMSE based channel estimation methods.     

An Efficient Scheme to Achieve Differential Unitary Space‐Time Modulation on MIMO‐OFDM Systems

Differential unitary space‐time modulation (DUSTM) has emerged as a promising technique to obtain spatial diversity without intractable channel estimation. This paper presents a study of the application of DUSTM on multiple‐input multiple‐output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) systems with frequency‐selective fading channels. From the view of a correlation analysis between subcarriers of OFDM, we obtain the maximum achievable diversity of DUSTM on MIMO‐OFDM systems. Moreover, an efficient implementation strategy based on subcarrier reconstruction is proposed, which transmits all the signals of one signal matrix in one OFDM transmission and performs differential processing between two adjacent OFDM blocks. The proposed method is capable of obtaining both spatial and multipath diversity while reducing the effect of time variation of channels to a minimum. The performance improvement is confirmed by simulation results.     

MIMO-OFDM信道估计仿真实现

正交频分复用（OFDM）可以有效地将频率选择性衰落信道转化成多个并行平坦衰落信道,从而大大提高传输效率。多输入多输出正交频分复用（MIMO-OFDM）技术可以大幅度地提高无线通信系统的信道容量与传输速率,其信道估计精度对系统性能有着直接的影响。研究了基于导频插入的SISO-OFDM和MIMO-OFDM最小二乘法估计（LS）信道估计方法。采用广义平稳非相关散射下的多径时变瑞利信道模型,对各个算法进行了仿真试验,得出不同算法下信道估计的误比特曲线,比较了各个算法的性能。仿真结果表明：MIMO-OFDMLS算法在误码率性能上优于SISO-OFDM。     

Effects of time selective multipath fading on OFDM systems forbroadband mobile applications

The effects of time selective multipath fading are investigated for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in broadband mobile applications. Although in a multipath environment an OFDM system is very robust against frequency selective fading, it is very sensitive to time selective fading characteristics of the mobile channel, causing inter-carrier-interference and degrading system performance. To achieve a signal-to-interference ratio of 20 dB, the OFDM symbol duration must be less than 8% of the channel coherence time     

Exploiting Multipath Diversity in Multiple Antenna OFDM Systems With Spatially Correlated Channels

Multiple antennas are useful in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems for providing transmit and receive diversity to overcome fading. Typically, these designs require considerable separation between the antennas. Spatial correlation is introduced when antennas are not well separated, and it often leads to performance degradation in a flat fading environment. However, in frequency selective fading channels with rich multipath diversity, OFDM receivers can overcome this performance degradation due to antenna correlation. This is due to transformation of a highly spatially correlated channel impulse response to a less spatially correlated channel frequency response inherently by an OFDM system in the presence of rich multipath diversity. We illustrate this for a simple receive diversity OFDM system and hence introduce the concept of space sampling at the receiver where antennas are placed relatively close to each other. The minimum separation required between the antennas under such circumstances is derived analytically, and it is shown that even with a separation of only$0.44lambda$, the required spatial correlation in the channel frequency response becomes sufficiently low. Simulated performance results with such spacing for various multiple antenna OFDM systems corroborate the analytical results.     

Effects of Power Amplifier Distortion and Carrier Frequency Offset on the Performance of WLAN System

Due to the efficiency of mitigation multipath delay spread, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively used in the wireless local area network (WLAN) domain, such as the IEEE 802.11a standard defined by the IEEE 802.11 standardization group and the HIPERLAN/2 defined by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute Project on Broadband Radio Access Networks. OFDM based WLAN system is very sensitive to the power amplifier distortion and the carrier frequency offset. The performance of the OFDM based WLAN system in the presence of the power amplifier distortion and the carrier frequency offset under practical fading channel is researched and analyzed in this paper. A closed form of bit error rate (BER) is derived for the OFDM based WLAN system in the presence of the power amplifier distortion and the carrier frequency offset under practical fading channel. The effects of the power amplifier distortion and the carrier frequency offset on the OFDM based WLAN system performance are comparatively studied by the theoretical method and by the simulation method under practical multipath fading channels. Studies show that the theoretical and simulated results match well.     

Best antenna selection for coded SIMO–OFDM

Multiple receive antennas with optimal combining have been known to improve error performance over fading multipath channels by providing spatial diversity. This benefit is obtained at the cost of greatly increased system complexity due to the need for multiple RF chains and signal combiners. Best antenna selection is a technique that can provide multiple antenna gains with only a single RF chain and no combiners. Best antenna selection is complicated by frequency selectivity in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as the signal at any one antenna may not be the best at all subcarriers. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for best antenna selection in coded OFDM. To simplify the receiver, we assume a block fading model for the underlying frequency selective channel. The best antenna will then determined based on coding theorems known for block fading channels. Our simulations show significant improvement in coded OFDM performance over existing techniques.     

OFDM分集接收系统上行链路信道估计研究

对采用时频块组帧的OFDM(正交频分复用)上行链路信道估计进行了研究,给出了基于二维DFT(离散傅里叶变换)的信道估计算法,针对传统二维信道估计方法的边缘效应提出了一种改进办法,即采用分块拟合的方法对信道曲面边缘部分进行补偿估计。仿真表明,改进的二维DFT信道估计方法可以有效地消减边缘效应,从而获得更好的系统性能。     

发射分集OFDM系统中一种基于Turbo迭代的判决反馈信道估计

本文对频率选择性衰落信道条件下发射分集OFDM系统的信道估计进行了研究,提出了一种基于Turbo迭代的判决反馈信道估计方法.该方法充分利用Turbo迭代信息来改善信道估计性能,且因无需求逆运算,使得整个系统的复杂度增加不多.仿真结果表明,所提方法在较高信噪比条件下,明显提高了系统信道估计的性能,且适合于高速移动的信道环境.     

LDPC码在802.16a OFDM系统 衰落信道中的性能分析

本文通过对802.16a OFDM系统信道的分析,权衡估计的性能和算法复杂度两个因素,针对不同的传输环境,提出了动态的OFDM信道估计方案.另外我们找到了一组优秀的非正则LDPC码,将其应用于IEEE 802.16a OFDM环境中,仿真验证了它们在SUI-3和SUI-5多径衰落信道环境下具有良好的性能,并和协议中提出的卷积Turbo码进行了比较,结果证明在相同条件下,本文的LDPC码可以取得比协议提出的卷积Turbo码更优越的性能,具有更好的抗多径衰落的能力.     

Artificial Neural Network Channel Estimation Based on Levenberg-Marquardt for OFDM Systems

The many advantages responsible for the widespread application of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are limited by the multipath fading. In OFDM systems, channel estimation is carried out by transmitting pilot symbols generally. In this paper, we propose an artificial neural network (ANN) channel estimation technique based on levenberg-marquardt training algorithm as an alternative to pilot based channel estimation technique for OFDM systems over Rayleigh fading channels. In proposed technique, there are no pilot symbols which added to OFDM. Therefore, this technique is more bandwidth efficient compared to pilot-based channel estimation techniques. Also, this technique is making full use of the learning property of neural network. By using this feature, there is no need of any matrix computation and the proposed technique is less complex than the pilot based techniques. Simulation results show that ANN based channel estimator gives better results compared to the pilot based channel estimator for OFDM systems over Rayleigh fading channel.     

基于OFDM技术的短波电台系统研究

OFDM（正交频分复用）技术是一种多载波数字调制技术,在无线多径衰落信道下具有较好的传输特性,文中设计短波电台系统采用了OFDM技术来对克服多径衰落带来的干扰,并且给出了系统的设计方案。利用Simulink建模,并在瑞利衰落信道和高斯信道下进行了仿真,结果显示出性能上有较大的改进。     

基于信道估计的限幅OFDM信号检测性能分析

大峰均比是正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的主要缺陷之一，对时域OFDM信号限幅是通常采用的一种抑制发送信号峰值功率的方法，但是限幅产生的非线性干扰，使系统的信道估计和信号检测性能降低。本文分析了限幅干扰对信道估计以及基于估计信道信息的OFDM数据信号检测性能的影响，推导出了基于信道估计信号检测的信噪比与限幅参数之间的关系。利用信噪比和高斯信道的误符号率及误比特率公式，本文对频率选择性瑞利衰落信道环境限幅OFDM系统中信号的误符号率和误比特率进行估算。计算机仿真和估算的结果相吻合。