水压锥阀流场的CFD计算与分析

建立了水压锥阀的几何模型和数学模型,利用Fluent软件对其内部运动流场进行了CFD解析,解析结果以可视的速度场和压力场分布给出,并对计算结果进行了分析。由分析结果可知：随着锥阀开度的增大,入口速度逐渐增大,流量相应增加。出口压力不变,随着入口压力变大,阀腔负压增大,增大出口压力有助于减小负压．消除气蚀和不稳定。     

滑片式空气压缩机压力和功率的分析与试验

对滑片式空气压缩机工作时的压力状态和功率组成进行分析研究,并通过与应用压力温度传感器和电流表的检测方法得到的试验数据进行比较来验证研究结果。在理论分析中,压力平衡状态被分成6个主要部分,功率组成分成4个主要部分,对每部分的压力和功率过程进行分析,建立理论计算模型,分别求解得到各个部分的参数:为验证理论分析的有效性,对两种不同类型压缩机在正常工作条件下的内部工作状态进行测试;将计算结果与试验数据进行比较后的结果表明,两者有较好的一致性,因此研究结果可用来预测滑片式压缩机的工作状态。     

涡轮流量计前导流器的结构与性能

对DN100气体涡轮流量计的关键部件之一前导流器引起的流量计压力损失进行试验测量和数值计算.对比分析两种不同结构前导流器对压力损失的影响,发现前导流器的结构变化不仅影响该部位的气流速度分布,使当地压力损失发生变化,更重要的是对后面各部件内的气体流动速度梯度和压力恢复也有明显影响,使总压损失进一步放大或减小.数值计算通过分析流动参数的变化从流动机理上解释了结构与压损间的关系.     

PTB330型气压传感器示值误差测量不确定度评定

文章通过建立模型,分析了PTB330型气压传感器测量结果的不确定度来源、评定测量结果的不确定度分量,得出了示值误差测量的合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度。文章选取10台气压传感器按照自动气象站气压传感器检定规程要求,对各检定点进行测量结果不确定度评定,为同类型的气压传感器测量的检定结果提供科学的参考依据。     

Pressure Distribution of a Multidisc Clutch Suffering Frictionally Induced Thermal Load

The transient thermal and thermoelastic analysis of an automotive multidisc clutch is performed to investigate the thermal deformation and the contact pressure distribution of the friction surfaces. An alternating finite volume method (FVM) and finite element method (FEM) for temperature distribution and contact pressure distribution, including the coupling between temperature, displacement, and contact pressure, is employed in MATLAB. A penalty function method is used to impose the constraints on the contact boundary. The computational results indicate that the contact pressure distributions on the surfaces near the pressure plate are more uniform than those near the opposite plate, and the nonuniformity is enlarged with the temperature rise. The contact pressure and temperature distributions on the two friction surfaces of the separate plate are dissimilar and asymmetric, which is in good agreement with the test results. The results further show that the contact pressure peaks diminish and the noncontact regions reduce due to the heat conduction and convection when the engagement ends.     

An experimental work on the effect of injection molding parameters on the cavity pressure and product weight

The injection molding process is one of the most efficient processes where mass production through automation is feasible and products with complex geometry at low cost are easily attained. In this study, an experimental work is performed on the effect of injection molding parameters on the polymer pressure inside the mold cavity. Also, the effect of these parameters on the final products' weight is studied. Different process parameters of the injection molding are considered during the experimental work (packing pressure, packing time, injection pressure, injection time, and injection temperature). Two polymer materials are used during the experimental work (polystyrene (PS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE)). The mold cavity has a cuboidal form with two different thicknesses. The cavity pressure is measured with time by using pressure Kistler sensor at different injection molding cycles. The results indicate that the cavity pressure and product weight increase with an increase in the packing pressure, packing time, and injection pressure for all the analyzed polymers. They also show that the increase of the filling time decreases the cavity pressure and decreases the product weight in case of PS and LDPE. The results show that the increase of packing pressure by 100 % increases the cavity pressure 50 % in the case of PS and 70 % in the case of LDPE. They also show that the increase of injection pressure by 60 % increases the cavity pressure 36 % in case of PS and 90 % in case of LDPE at an injection temperature of 220 °C. The results indicate that process parameters have an effect on the product weight for LDPE greater than PS. The results obtained specify well the developing of the cavity pressure inside the mold cavity during the injection molding cycles.     

带有限压保护作用的减压阀建模与仿真分析

分析了带限压保护作用减压阀的工作原理和机能,利用AMESim的HCD库建立该型减压阀的仿真模型,根据实际减压阀的结构与尺寸设置仿真模型的各个参数,对其性能进行仿真分析。对该型减压阀的压力流量特性进行实验测量,实验结果与仿真结果比较吻合。对载荷突变时该型减压阀的限压保护作用进行仿真验证,效果良好,说明所建立的该型减压阀的仿真模型是比较准确的。     

Dynamic calibration method of capacitive pressure measuring device

This paper presents working principle,structure and a dynamic calibration method of capacitive pressure measuring device.Using this method,placing calibrated capacitive electronic pressure measuring device and three standard sensors in simulation chamber pressure generator is proper and the data generated by them are analyzed and compared.This calibration method realizes dynamic calibration of capacitive electronic pressure measuring device under actual working pressure;pressure signal and frequency spectrum are analyzed.The experimental results show that simulation chamber pressure calibration method is feasible.     

轮毂直驱电动车轮胎刚度及滚阻匹配研究

研究轮毂直驱电动车轮胎垂向刚度与滚阻特性相匹配问题,揭示轮毂直驱电动汽车非簧载质量负效应产生机理,提出利用胎压改变轮胎垂向刚度进而改善悬架特性的方法。设计出四组不同胎压的轮胎垂向刚度试验,并将轮胎实际垂向刚度应用到悬架特性分析上。结果表明,通过调节轮胎垂向刚度改变了悬架特性的二阶共振频率使其远离人体敏感振动频率,并在一定程度上抑制其振动幅值。为解决轮毂直驱电动汽车轮胎刚度与滚阻特性匹配问题,研究胎压对轮胎滚阻特性和能量损耗的影响,并对四组胎压的轮胎进行滚阻特性及滞回特性试验。试验结果表明,胎压对轮胎滚动阻力有很大影响,胎压升高,轮胎滚动阻力系数和能量损耗变小。进一步表明,胎压与轮胎滚阻系数的关系及能量损耗的关系两者之间基本是一致的,揭示了轮胎滚动阻力产生机理。因此,利用胎压调节轮胎垂向刚度抑制了电动汽车非簧载质量负效应,兼顾了胎压对轮胎滚阻及能耗的影响,实现了轮胎垂向刚度与滚阻特性的匹配,为轮胎与悬架的相互作用机理提供了理论依据。     

On the Magnitude of Cavitation Pressure of Steady-State Lubrication

The value of cavitation pressure plays an important role in the implementation of the mass-conservative algorithm. This is particularly crucial in applications that deal with analysis of surface textures. In this paper, published research on cavitation of journal bearing and surface textures are reviewed, and experiments and simulations of textured surface are conducted in order to gain insight into the choice of cavitation pressure for steady-state lubrication. Contrary to the common assertion that cavitation pressure is close to the ambient pressure, both experiments with journal bearings and simulations of surface textures indicate that low cavitation pressure around 30 kPa is possible. Research reveals that the cavitation pressure in steady-state lubrication is affected by the supply of gas dissolved in the oil film. The results of a series of experiments involving the load-carrying capacity of a textured parallel thrust bearing are presented. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results confirms that the value of cavitation pressure could vary depending on the operating conditions.     

离心泵后泵腔内液体压力数值分析与验证

离心泵轴向力的大小与泵腔内压力分布密切相关,而试验测量轴向力成本较高,因此采用数值模拟展开泵腔内压力分布规律研究,并提出简便的试验测量轴向力方法显得格外必要。利用数值模拟计算,在0.6 Q_(sp)~1.2Q_(sp)工况下,研究离心泵后泵腔压力沿轴向、径向、切向分布规律,绘制后泵腔压力在0°、90°、180°、270°及压力均值沿径向分布曲线,得出后泵腔轴向力大小,推导两种近似计算泵腔轴向力公式,提出简便的试验测量泵腔轴向力方法,并将后泵腔压力模拟结果与试验结果对比,验证模拟结果的真实可靠性。结果表明:同一流量工况点,后泵腔压力沿轴向保持不变,沿径向随半径增大而增大。流量越大,后泵腔压力沿切向分布越具有轴对称性,沿径向增大越均匀。后泵腔轴向力两种公式计算结果与数值计算结果相对误差极小,后泵腔区域压力均值与其径向几何中心处压力均值大小相等。在试验测量离心泵泵腔轴向力时,只需要测量泵腔沿180°径向中心处压力值,便可近似求得泵腔区域轴向力大小。     

考虑叶片-定子副动压效应的高压叶片泵叶片优化研究

考虑叶片-定子副之间的动压效应,研究了叶片结构参数对叶片泵工作性能的影响,针对不同参数的叶片,采用ADAMS和Fluent软件对高压叶片泵叶片-定子副进行了动力学、流体动压仿真分析和模态分析。以S25VQH子母叶片泵为研究对象,详细分析了叶片结构参数对叶片-定子副之间相互作用力、叶片-定子副之间动压和振动噪声的影响规律。结果表明,优化后的叶片结构使得叶片-定子副之间相互作用力减小,叶片-定子副之间动压和固有频率显著增加;减小了叶片-定子副之间的摩擦磨损和振动噪声,一定程度上延长叶片泵使用寿命。最后,进行了综合台架实验,实验结果与仿真分析结果具有较好的一致性,验证了仿真结果的正确性。     

A study on the behavior characteristics of diesel spray by using a high pressure injection system with common rail apparatus

The effects of change in injection pressure on spray structure in high temperature and pressure field have been investigated. The analysis of liquid and vapor phases of injected fuel is important for emissions control of diesel engines. Therefore, this work examines the evaporating spray structure using a constant volume vessel. The injection pressure is selected as the experimental parameter, is changed from 22 MPa to 112 MPa using a high pressure injection system (ECD-U2). Also, we conducted simulation study by modified KIVA-II code. The results of simulation study are compared with experimental results. The images of liquid and vapor phase for free spray were simultaneously taken by exciplex fluorescence method. As experimental results, the vapor concentration of injected fuel is leaner due to the increase of atomization in the case of the high injection pressure than in that of the low injection pressure. The calculated results obtained by modified KIVA-II code show good agreements with experimental results.     

Development of low-pressure calibration system using a pressure balance

A new calibration system for low-pressure is now under development at NMIJ/AIST. The new system is designed to calibrate pressure transducers in the pressure range of less than 10 kPa in absolute mode. The pressure generation technique needs only a single pressure balance and the pressure in the bell-jar is used as a calibration pressure instead of the system pressure. In this paper, the outline of the calibration system and the measurement results are described.     

The reinforcement of a plastically deforming spherical pressure vessel containing a cylindrical nozzle

The results of limit analysis calculations to determine the collapse pressure of a flush cylindrical nozzle in a pressure vessel carried out by Gill are used to design a reinforced cylinder-sphere shell intersection. The results of tests carried out on unreinforced and reinforced intersections are presented and it is shown that Gill's results provide a satisfactory means of design.     

地表气压对温室气体柱总量反演的敏感性分析及敦煌地区温室气体的柱总量观测

地表气压对温室气体浓度反演具有非常重要的影响。利用地基便携式傅里叶变换光谱仪EM27/SUN观测了敦煌地区H2O,CO2,CH4及CO气体分子的浓度,获得了2018年6月27日到7月21日敦煌地区大气中XH2O,XCO2,XCH4及XCO的时间序列,结合敦煌观测数据,定量分析了地表气压对气体柱-平均摩尔分数Xgas(column-averaged dry air mole fractions, DMFs)反演的影响。结果表明:XH2O,XCO2,XCH4及XCO与地表气压密切相关,相关系数均高于0.99,柱总量随地表气压的变化快慢决定柱-平均摩尔分数随地表气压的变化趋势。相比较CO2,CH4及CO分子,XH2O对地表气压的敏感性较弱,地表气压改变1 hPa,XH2O,XCO2,XCH4及XCO分别变化0.027 8%,0.065 9%,0.068 6%和0.062%;观测期间,H2O,CO2的浓度变化幅度波动较大,XCH4,XCO变化较小,XH2O平均值在2 000×10-6~6 000×10-6变化,而XCO2平均值在407.27×10-6~417.60×10-6变化,敦煌站点XH2O,XCO2,XCH4及XCO的测量精度分别为2.3%,0.14%,0.12%及1.7%,XCO2及XCH4的测量精度均优于TCCON网的测量精度;与GOSAT卫星数据对比结果显示,地基反演的XCO2,XCH4值均偏大,XCO2的绝对偏差为7.07×10-6,XCH4的绝对偏差为0.025×10-6;与WACCM数据对比显示,地基反演XCO2结果多数大于WACCM值,最大绝对偏差可以达到8.0×10-6,地基反演XCH4值小于WACCM值,最大绝对偏差为0.032×10-6。实时观测数据更能反映当地的具体情况,研究结果可为我国温暖带干旱性气候温室气体源与汇的研究提供数据支撑和理论基础。     

提取内燃机燃烧压力高频成分进行压力高频振荡研究

研究内燃机缸内压力高频振荡的机理以及压力高频振荡对燃烧噪声的影响。利用小波分析技术确定缸内压力高频振荡出现的范围,从而确定了燃烧室空腔声模态模型的对应曲轴转角范围。用声响应法和有限元法分别测量和计算不同曲轴转角下燃烧室空腔声模态,并对测量值和计算值对应曲轴转角进行了温度修正,模态试验结果与有限元计算结果较吻合。并对测量的缸内燃烧压力信号和噪声信号进行了分析。研究结果表明：缸内燃烧压力高频振荡是燃烧室的多阶共振频率受到激励引起共振的结果,燃烧压力高频振荡是影响燃烧噪声的重要因素。     

Burst pressure prediction of metallic/fibre reinforced rocket motor cases using an elasto-plastic instability analysis

A numerical elasto-plastic instability analysis is developed for predicting the axial burst pressure of metallic rocket motor cases circumferentially reinforced with a pre-tensioned fibre overwind. Numerically derived burst pressure values are compared with experimental results and good agreement observed. Based on numerical and experimental observations an analytical burst pressure analysis is also derived. The numerical analysis is also applied for predicting the burst pressure of an unwound motor and overwound motors exhibiting hoop bursts through fibre failure. Contrary to initial expectations these burst pressure values were found to be in good agreement with experimentally derived burst pressure results.     

蒸汽发生器含轴向裂纹传热管的失效压力分析

运用有限元法计算了含轴向表面裂纹传热管的失效压力,拟合了计算公式,并根据计算结果分析了失效压力随裂纹几何尺寸变化的规律,最后与有关经验公式进行了比较分析。     

基于第一性原理的高压下TiAl结构、力学性能及热力学性质研究

采用第一性原理计算方法,研究了压力与温度对TiAl合金结构、力学性能与热力学性质的影响.结果显示,随着外加压力的增加,TiAl体积比降低. 计算了不同压力下TiAl的弹性常数Cij , 所有Cij均力学稳定性判据, 表明不同压力下的模拟结果均满足力学稳定性条件. 通过弹性常数, 计算了体模量与剪切模量, 发现在0 Gpa下的计算值与文献值相吻合,表明计算的准确性. 体模量与剪切模量可以用来反映材料抵抗变形能力, 随着压力的增加, 其数值增加, 表明材料抵抗变形能力得到提升. 由B/G发现, 当压力在10-20 Gpa之间时, TiAl由脆性材料转变为延性材料. 借助准谐德拜模型, 研究了当温度在0-1 000 K、 压力在0-50 Gpa下压力与温度对TiAl体模量、 德拜温度、 线膨胀系数以及热容的影响, 这有助于研究温度与压力对热力学参数的影响. 最后, 研究了不同压力下TiAl的电子结构, 随着压力的增加, 材料的态密度强度降低, Ti原子成键相互作用减弱, Al原子成键相互作用增强, 材料的延性得到提升.