麦饭石特性及作用分析

0前言麦饭石是保健用的一种矿物药石,因其外观颇似握聚的饭团而得名。据有关资料介绍,我国于1984年3月底开始,从地质调查入手在我国内蒙古和辽宁阜新研究麦饭石资源。科学家把样品送到日本后,经有关专家鉴定和测试分析认为是“世界稀有的药石”,麦饭石样品于1985年4月北京召开的科技新产品经验交流会上首次展出。同年5月,麦饭石样品又在广交会展出,并附有麦饭石研究报告中、英文说明书,引起国内外学者的极大关注,从此揭开了我国现阶段麦饭石研究的新篇章。目前,对麦饭石研究较深入的国家主要有日本、美国、南朝鲜等。研究的课题主要是对麦饭…     

凹凸棒粘土吸附水中Cr（Ⅵ）的研究

利用天然无机矿物处理含重金属的工业废水已有不少报道,如应用膨润土［１］,麦饭石［２］等处理含重金属废水。由于某些天然矿物由特殊的晶体结构组成,具有优良的物化性能,因而被直接或经过一定改性后用于重金属废水的处理都有较好的效果。凹凸棒粘土是一种具有层链状...     

化学知识

中华麦饭石内蒙古科尔沁草原和天津蓟县蕴藏着大量的麦饭石。这种石头外形似大麦煮出来的饭团,石头上有煮熟的大麦粒或玉米粒大小的颗粒,故而得名。经光谱分析,麦饭石中含32种无机元素,其中有12种是对人体有益     

膨润土应用专利简介(一)

1土壤保水保肥剂 (ＣＮ12 376 12Ａ)以膨润土、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石、硅藻土、凹凸棒石、海泡石、沸石为原料可制得此种保水保肥剂。2土壤营养调理剂 (ＣＮ12 336 0 6Ａ)由草炭、尿素、磷肥、钙基膨润土或沸石或蛭石、硫酸钾、硼酸等制成 ,既是一种有机无机复合肥 ,又是一种有机无机复合土壤改良剂。3富硒特种矿物肥 (ＣＮ12 2 3989Ａ)膨润土、沸石和麦饭石中加入一定量的硫酸盐矿物、一定份额的硒矿物及一定量含镁较高的矿物而成。该肥料对玉米、小麦可抗水保旱 ,对水稻微量元素溶出多 ,作用全面 ,肥效长 ,增产明显。如水稻每亩施肥 5、10…     

内蒙古自治区非金属天然矿物饲料添加剂的应用

饲料添加剂是饲料产品的核心，对提高饲料品质有举足轻重的作用，作为天然矿物质饲料添加剂和载体的矿产有沸石，石灰岩，膨润土,泥炭，盐类矿，硒矿，磷矿，麦饭石等，在内蒙古自治区储量很丰富，并且在工业，农业上应用较广，目前国内外大量的研究证明天然矿物在畜牧业的应用效果显著，也是家畜体内心需补饲的矿物元素，因而开发利用前景广阔。     

改性麦饭石去除饮用水中的砷

饮用水中砷超标会严重危害人的身体健康。该文利用MnO：对麦饭石进行改性,制备了一种高效的吸附剂;同时研究了在不同pH值、接触时间、改性麦饭石的投加量及砷的初始浓度条件下,改性麦饭石对饮用水中As（V）的去除。研究结果表明：在以上不同条件下,改性麦饭石对水中As（V）均有一定的去除效果。当pH值为6、接触时间为60min、改性麦饭石投加量为1000mg／L、水中As（V）的初始浓度为100μg／L时,改性麦饭石对饮用水中的As（V）的去除率为91％,此时水中砷的含量低于国家生活饮用水卫生标准（10μg／L）。     

水循环条件下麦饭石矿化自来水研究

针对目前市场上纯净水中矿物元素缺失的问题,实验研究构建水循环+麦饭石矿化装置来优化自来水水质,并出前后的麦饭石进行了表征。结果表明,麦饭石溶出总溶解固体(TDS)和Sr的量随固液比的增大而迅速增加,固液质量比为1:2时,TDS和Sr的质量浓度分别提高到41 mg/L和15.6μg/L。酸性条件有利于TDS和Sr的溶出,但不利于偏硅酸的溶出。水体初始p H在5~10时,矿化后p H均稳定在8.0左右。Sr的溶出量随水体硬度的增加而增大,而硬度对偏硅酸的影响不大。TDS、偏硅酸和Sr的溶出均随着溶出时间的延长而增大。溶出后的麦饭石表面孔隙分布较溶出前多,溶出后麦饭石中Si、Sr的质量分数分别从33.47%、2.26%降低到26.22%、0.58%。     

非金属矿加工专利文摘(国内)

有机态麦饭石精及其生产工艺 (CN 13 87796A)　其生产工艺是采用无机态混合盐麦饭石精经过高温分解成金属氧化物 ,高温金属氧化物与水混合、碱化后加入有机酸 ,生成有机酸盐和水 ,经过滤、蒸发结晶成纯白色固体粉末 ,即获得有机态麦饭石精。其优点是麦饭石中的几十种金属离子转     

专利信息

化肥化工产品专利信息　　介绍一组最新发明专利,这些已申请公开的专利是从近期发明专利公报中筛选出来的,其目的在于通过这些专利介绍启迪读者扩大原有的传统的化工矿产观念,树立工业矿物概念,使更多的矿物岩石在现代化工业中得到应用。也就是说,在注重勘查与利用传统化工矿产的同时,还必须重视相应的矿物和岩石乃至有关的工业废渣的综合利用。从这组专利信息中可以看出某些工业矿物（如稀土、天然沸石、膨润土、珍珠岩、石灰石、凹凸棒石、麦饭石、含硒矿物等）在化工产品中的作用及其利用特点,了解这些信息有助于我们进一步搞好化…     

麦饭石的特性及其应用研究进展

麦饭石是一类天然药石,有特殊的理化性质和较强的吸附作用,在生活中应用十分广泛。文章介绍了麦饭石的溶出性、吸附性以及生物活性等特点,并详细综述了麦饭石在净水、彩釉、农业以及养殖等方面的应用。     

活性炭在硫氰酸钠溶剂净化工艺中的应用

将活性炭吸附除杂工艺应用于湿法腈纶溶剂硫氰酸钠的净化,是国内一项独一无二的技术。通过进口活性炭与国内可选的不同种类活性炭特性的剖析,比较了不同特性活性炭的除杂性能。结果表明:活性炭的吸附量与特定孔径范围的孔容成正比。对于硫氰酸钠物料体系,选择中孔(孔半径约为2～5nm)较丰富的活性炭作为吸附剂对系统的除杂效果更好。以此为依据,选取了适合硫氰酸钠物料体系的活性炭,并在实际生产中取得了较好的除杂效果。     

褐煤及其干馏半焦的微孔结构分析

用CO_2吸附法于298K下研究了大雁褐煤、黄县褐煤及其干馏半焦的微孔结构特性。用由Dubinin-Astakhov方程导出的关系式计算了所研究样品的微孔孔径分布和微孔有效表面积S_(micro),讨论了干馏温度对半焦的微孔孔容及平均当量半径的影响。     

麦饭石无机抗菌剂的制备及性能

以麦饭石为载体、Ag⁺和Zn²⁺为抗菌离子,通过液相离子交换反应,制备载银锌的麦饭石无机抗菌剂。采用抑菌率对所得产物的抗菌性进行检测,采用XRD、SEM对产物的结构与形貌进行表征,并采用缓释法对产物的耐久性进行研究。实验结果表明：在反应时间为4 h,反应温度为60℃,Ag⁺和Zn²⁺浓度分别为0.1、2 mol·L^-1,pH值为8的条件下,制备的麦饭石抗菌剂具有优异抗菌性和耐久性。抗菌机理初步分析为通过离子交换或吸附进入麦饭石结构内的Ag⁺和Zn²⁺能从载体中持久缓慢地释放出来,与细菌细胞作用,杀灭细菌,从而保持该抗菌剂良好的抗菌能力。     

Effect of Heating on Adsorption Behavior of Porous Glass

The effect of heat treatment and fluoridation of the surface on the adsorption of n -butane on porous glass was studied. The BET surface area, pore-size distribution, and porosity were obtained from N₂ isotherms of samples successively heated at temperatures from 350° to 865°C. Deformation of the bulk structure began at 700°C. A cylindrical pore model inadequately correlated changes in specific surface, mean pore radius, and porosity. Surface heterogeneity was decreased to some extent by heat treatment at 865°C. Treatment of the surface with HF caused no significant change in the heat of adsorption from that of the untreated sample. Adsorption sites other than surface silanol groups are proposed to explain the results.     

A301型氨合成催化剂物理化学性能

系统研究了A301型氨合成催化剂还原前、后的物化性能和宏观结构,并与传统熔铁催化剂作了比较.研究结果表明,催化剂的比表面积和孔结构是在还原脱氧过程中产生的,还原前的催化剂可视为无孔隙的致密固体.A301的比表面积和α-Fe晶粒度与A110-2相同,但α-Fe表面积和碱表面积比A110-2小,而酸表面积比A110-2大.A301的堆密度和颗粒密度均比A110-2大,但真密度比A110-2小.A301催化剂的孔容积、孔隙率和孔径都比传统催化剂小,这与Nielsen A的研究结果不一致.Fe_(1-x)O对基的A301催化剂活性的提高,不是因为它的比表面积或孔径增大,也不是因为它的含铁量增加,而是由于Fe_(1-x)O还原得到的α-Fe的表面性质(例如酸表面积增大)和表面结构发生变化,使比活性提高之故.     

Microstructural variations of lignite,subbituminous and bituminous coals and their high temperature chars

Microstructure of a North Dakota lignite, a Washington subbituminous and a New Mexico bituminous coal and their chars produced by devolatilization in nitrogen at 1000 to 1300°C was investigated in this work using the CO₂ adsorption method conducted at 25°C. For each coal and char, specific surface area, micropore volume, micropore surface area, mean equivalent radius of micropores and characteristic energy of adsorption, as well as micropore volume distribution, were determined, and their variations with devolatilization temperature studied and interpreted. It was found that, overall, specific surface areas, micropore volumes and micropore surface areas of chars decreased monotonically as devolatilization temperature was raised from 1000 to 1300°C, although most of these values were much larger than that of their parent coals. The micropore volume distributions of the three coals and their high temperature chars were interpreted and found to provide an interesting insight into the micro structural variations of these coals and chars.     

二氧化钛基复合材料对常见染料的去除性能及其机理研究进展

二氧化钛(TiO2)具有比表面积大、孔隙结构丰富、性质稳定、制造成本低且无毒等特点,可作为吸附剂和光催化剂用于吸附处理含重金属、有机染料等污染物的废水。本工作通过对TiO2吸附废水中常见有机染料影响因素进行综合分析,综述了不同影响因素对吸附效果的影响,并讨论了复合改性、掺杂改性以及有机溶液改性等方式对TiO2吸附染料性能的影响,文献表明通过改性手段可丰富TiO2的孔隙结构,提高TiO2基吸附材料的比表面积,增加其表面的活性位点,进而改善其吸附性能。吸附动力学和热力学数据分析表明,TiO2吸附废水中有机染料过程中动力学主要遵循准二级动力学模型,热力学符合Langmuir模型单分子层吸附或Freundlich模型。其吸附机理主要包括静电吸引、n-π堆积相互作用、氢键等。TiO2体系作为吸附剂吸附处理废水中的染料分子,具有高效、环保、绿色经济的优势,可在今后的废水处理领域中起到至关重要的作用,可以作为一种具备广阔应用前景的绿色材料而展开研究。     

汽油饱和蒸气吸附用活性炭的制备

以煤为原料,KOH为活化剂制备活性炭。建立了静态吸附装置,并通过该装置研究了90#汽油在不同活性炭样品上的吸附性能。在制备过程中,考察了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸脱附性能的影响。研究发现,常温常压下活性炭对汽油饱和蒸气的吸附性能受多个参数的影响,其中BET比表面积影响最大,另外较大的孔、较宽的孔径分布,有利于脱附。同时得到最优的制备条件,碱炭比为5：1、活化温度800℃、活化时间1h。     

Adsorbents from lignin and washed-off petroleum waste

The properties of active carbons, products of the steam activation (400–900°C) of mixtures of washed-off petroleum waste and lignin, were studied. The dependences of the yield, the specific surface area, and adsorption activity with respect to iodine (A _I) and methylene blue (A _MB) on the activation temperature (400–900°C), as well as the characteristics of the pore systems and the parameters of active-carbon supermolecular structure, were obtained. As compared with the properties of active carbon from lignin, the activation of the mixture leads to the formation of active carbon with lower yields, a higher specific surface area, and a substantially (by a factor of 3) increased proportion of mesoporosity. The adsorption properties of active carbons from lignin and its mixture with washed-off petroleum waste are close (A _I = 950?1000 mg/g and (A _MB = 200?220 mg/g).     

Adsorption properties of active carbon from lignin

Regularities of changing the adsorption characteristics of lignin-based active carbon (AC) with the temperature and time of activation with steam are studied. The extreme changes in the plots of the specific surface and adsorption activity with respect to methylene blue (MB) and iodine with maxima at 800°C are observed with an increase in the activation temperature from 400 to 900°C. The dependence of the AC yield on the activation time at 800°C indicates the presence of two regions of interaction of lignin with steam. The gasification rate in region I (τ_a up to 30 min) is by 33 times higher than that in region II (τ_a = 30–120 min), which is determined by different reactivities of structural fragments of two types. The gasification of the highly reactive structural fragments of the type I results in the formation of a porous system of AC, and their complete burning-out corresponds to limiting values of the specific surface and adsorption activity with respect to iodine. Subsequent activation is determined by the gasification of the structural fragments of the type II and leads to the formation of AC characterized by the maximum adsorption activity with respect to MB.