新型燃油添加剂环保节油性优

最近,一种名为“NANO”的新型纳米燃油添加剂在天津市推广应用。该燃油添加剂不仅可有效降低汽车尾气中有害物质的排放,而且对汽油、柴油发动机有一定的节油效果。该燃油添加剂已通过国家环保总局机动车排放监测中心和北京市环境保护监测中心检测,并通过了中国环保产业协会环保技术产品的评议以及北京市科委的技术鉴定,被评为国内首创产品。     

新型煤低成本高性能环保燃烧催化剂

研究通过采用碱土金属盐、铁系盐、稀土类化合物复配而成新型煤高效能催化剂,具有成本低、催化效果好的特点。实验结果表明,高效能催化剂HPC17对煤具有良好的催化活性。提高煤热值达23．81％;傅立叶红外漫反射光谱表明,该催化剂的添加量和催化活性,与煤样红外特征吸收峰强度具有一定的相关关系。工业应用表明,添加HPCI7后,工业炉节煤率为19．6％,SO2排放浓度平均减少223mg／m^3,出口烟尘排放浓度平均减少5302．5mg／m^3,节煤、降低污染效果显著,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

Parr6200量热仪常见故障分析及改进措施

分析了Parr6200量热仪常见故障及原因，提出了点火失败、氧弹漏气、定容瓶不上水等故障的处理措施，提出通过日常维护保养减少故障率，并创造性地对氧弹及放气环节进行改进，降低故障率，减少有害气体的排放，对提升工作效率、延长仪器寿命、减少有害气体排放均有重要的作用及意义。     

两级氧化法处理稀土矿山氨氮废水工程实例

采用两级氧化法处理某离子型稀土矿原地浸矿开采方式所产生的低浓度氨氮废水,处理效果非常稳定,出水氨氮在15 mg/L以下,完全满足《稀土工业污染物排放标准》(GB 26451—2011)表2排放标准。详细介绍了该方法的原理、工艺、特点及主要设备参数,该方法具有处理效果稳定、操作简单方便、占地面积小、系统建设周期短、自动化程度高等特点。     

高校化学实验教学内容的低碳化探索

高校化学实验项目涉及多种化学试剂,用量大,且大多有毒有害,是实验室污染、浪费的重要来源。通过对实验内容进行多方面调整,如减少试剂用量、替换有毒有害试剂、修改替换实验项目、多个实验项目串联实现试剂循环使用等,可达到减少排放,降低污染,实现实验教学内容低碳化的目的。     

氮气喷涂技术在汽车涂装上的应用研究

氮气喷涂技术是采用氮气替代原有的压缩空气,该技术能够消除因空气喷涂所产生的诸多涂装缺陷、减少涂料损失、降低VOC排放等。通过控制氮气温度,在汽车涂装过程中可以极大减少外界环境对喷涂的影响。实验证明,氮气喷涂技术在汽车涂装上的应用具有节省涂料、降低VOC排放、提升产品品质、提高效率等明显作用。     

O_3/H_2O_2高级氧化技术处理对硝基苯酚废水的研究

实验采用O3/H2O2联合高级氧化技术处理对硝基苯酚的生产废水。结果显示在实验条件下,该技术对此种废水具有显著的处理效果。废水中的TOC去除率在90%以上,pH 7左右,出水达到国家一级排放标准,整套工艺具有良好的经济效益。     

磷化废水处理的实验研究

作者对磷化废水的处理技术进行了实验研究,提出以二次氧化法降低CODCr值,以石灰乳脱除磷、锌等污染物的处理工艺.结果表明,采用该方案处理磷化废水,具有方法简单,净化效率高,经济实用等特点.最后排放的污水完全符合国家综合污水排放标准.     

消息报道

QJ-1型汽油添加剂通过鉴定 1991年5月16日,鞍山化工研究所研制的QJ-1型汽油添加剂,通过了鞍山市科委主持的技术鉴定。 QJ-1型汽油添加剂是一种汽车用新型高效节能助剂,具有改善燃烧、节省汽油、维护发动机械、减少有害废气排放等功能。经鞍山市公共交通公司、广州市出租汽车公司等几十家专业运输公司、车队应用及国家有关专检部门检测,节油率平均达到14.3％以上,尾气中CO浓度明显减少。     

生物-化学一体化装置处理生活污水的研究

介绍了用生物—化学一体化污水处理装置处理城市生活污水的工艺原理、技术特点、工艺流程和实践应用。结果表明，该工艺比常规的生化工艺降低投资成本1／3以上，占地面积减少2／3以上，处理效果好，达到了国家排放标准。对该装置的推广应用的可行性作了初步的探讨。     

Electrolytic Reduction of Spent Nuclear Oxide Fuel as Part of an Integral Process to Separate and Recover Actinides from Fission Products

Abstract

Bench‐scale tests were performed to study an electrolytic reduction process that converts metal oxides in spent nuclear fuel to metal. Crushed spent oxide fuel was loaded into a permeable stainless steel basket and submerged in a molten salt electrolyte of LiCl–1 wt% Li₂O at 650°C. An electrical current was passed through the fuel basket and a submerged platinum wire, effecting the reduction of metal oxides in the fuel and the formation of oxygen gas on the platinum wire surface. Salt and fuel samples were analyzed, and the extent of fission product separation and metal oxide reduction was determined.     

柴油深度加氢脱硫技术进展

随着世界各国对环保法规的日益关注,运输燃料深度脱硫技术在世界范围内受到广泛的研究。近年来,柴油深度脱硫化技术已受到西方国家的普遍重视。在工业上,加氢工艺是应对产品低硫化最有效的途径。柴油深度脱硫的关键是对反应活性最低的4,6-二甲基苯并噻吩类化合物中硫原子的脱除。本文综述了近年来柴油深度加氢脱硫技术的基本原理、超低硫柴油的催化及工艺的研究进展。     

热解燃烧链条炉低NOx排放特性的数值模拟

利用Fluent软件,对功率为1.4 MW的新型热解燃烧链条炉的NOx排放特性进行了数值模拟,其中,煤热解产生的还原性可燃气简化为CH4,采用添加元素N的乙烯-空气混合物模拟链条炉排半焦层燃烧及其生成的NO. 数值计算结果表明,在过量空气系数为1.2、再燃比为30%的燃烧条件下,热解燃烧比传统燃烧可降低NO排放14.6%. 热解燃烧链条炉由于热解气的再燃作用,在炉膛中形成一局部还原区,可较有效地降低NOx排放,证明了热解燃烧技术的可行性. 增大再燃比和减小炉排前段风室配风量可提高出口NO还原率,减小炉膛前拱长度和前后拱间距会使NO还原作用增强.     

Investigation of the Influence of Post-Injection on Diesel Exhaust Aerosol Particle Size Distributions

The effect of double-pulse fuel split injection on the exhaust aerosol particle size distribution emitted by a state-of-the-art Heavy Duty Diesel engine was experimentally investigated. The influence of post-injection fuel quantity and dwell was evaluated at four steady-state engine conditions by analyzing the changes in the accumulation mode particle number, mean diameter and geometric standard deviation, with respect to the baseline case of single injection. Generally, rising post-injection fuel amount was found to increase accumulation mode particle number and mean diameter of the size distributions. Particle number reduction efficiency resulted dependent on the operating conditions and post-injection parameters scheme. Reductions in the particle number around 50% with respect to the baseline single-pulse injection case were observed for 1500 rpm partial load cases. For 1800 rpm 75% load conditions the reduction was lower and was achieved only when the fuel amount was below 20% of the total fuel injected. An increase in the particle number was produced when post-injection was applied at low speed and high load conditions, due to the low accumulation mode particle number emitted at this operation mode. An optimum post-injection fuel amount for particle number reduction was only seen for the 1500 rpm 75% load operation conditions. The results are indicative that further research is necessary in order to explore the existence of optimum post-injection schemes for particle number reduction at the other operating conditions studied.

Geometric standard deviation from post-injection results was higher than that corresponding to the single injection baseline cases, while an increase in the σ _g value was observed for larger dwells in some operating conditions.     

Development of a dosing strategy for a heavy-duty diesel exhaust cleaning system based on NOX storage and reduction technology by Design of Experiments

A dosing strategy for the transient control of an exhaust after-treatment system using the NO_X storage and reduction approach was developed on a heavy-duty diesel engine rig equipped with an 11 l diesel engine. The catalysts were oxidation catalysts of 8.4 l and NO_X storage and reduction catalysts of 16.8 l total volume. The dosing strategy has been tested in a European Transient Cycle (ETC) resulting in a NO_X reduction of 60% (by 4.5 g/kWh) with a fuel penalty of 6.6% when the catalysts were preconditioned to 450 °C. The reducing agent was diesel fuel. To keep the fuel penalty low, a bypass system was used which bypassed approximately 90% of the exhaust flow under the regeneration periods. The parameters for the dosing strategy were obtained from steady-state optimization experiments (constant speed and torque) using Design of Experiments (DoE) to obtain much information from few experiments. The system was optimized for a high degree of NO_X reduction with a low fuel penalty. The period when the flow through the catalyst is reduced (bypass time), the cycle time, the injection time and rate are important parameters to achieve an improved NO_X reduction. The optimal values of these parameters varied with the load points used. The steady-state NO_X conversion was approximately 60% (3.3–4.1 g/kWh) at catalyst temperatures between 330 and 530 °C. The most promising parameters for a large NO_X reduction and a low fuel penalty have been applied in the dosing strategy and tested in an ETC.     

组合式再生燃料电池双效氧电极催化剂制备与表征

介绍了组合式再生燃料电池基本特点,简要回顾了组合式再生燃料电池中双效氧电极催化剂研究现状。利用还原沉积法制备了PtIr／C双效氧电极催化剂,对催化剂进行了XRD表征。以三电极体系对催化剂进行了析氧和溶氧双反应的催化活性评价,结果表明：Pt主要催化燃料电池模式下的溶氧反应,而Ir主要催化水电解模式下的析氧反应。     

Study of oxygenated biomass fuel blends on a diesel engine

Vegetable methyl ester was added in ethanol–diesel fuel to prevent separation of ethanol from diesel in this study. The ethanol blend proportion can be increased to 30% in volume by adding the vegetable methyl ester. Engine performance and emissions characteristics of the fuel blends were investigated on a diesel engine and compared with those of diesel fuel. Experimental results show that the torque of the engine is decreased by 6%–7% for every 10% (by volume) ethanol added to the diesel fuel without modification on the engine. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increases with the addition of oxygen from ethanol but equivalent brake specific fuel consumption (EBSFC) of oxygenated fuels is at the same level of that of diesel. Smoke and particulate matter (PM) emissions decrease significantly with the increase of oxygen content in the fuel. However, PM reduction is less significant than smoke reduction. In addition, PM components are affected by the oxygenated fuel. When blended fuels are used, nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions are almost the same as or slightly higher than the NO_x emissions when diesel fuel is used. Hydrocarbon (HC) is apparently decreased when the engine was fueled with ethanol–ester–diesel blends. Fuelling the engine with oxygenated diesel fuels showed increased carbon monoxide (CO) emissions at low and medium loads, but reduced CO emissions at high and full loads, when compared to pure diesel fuel.     

改善聚酯装置热媒炉运行状况的几项措施

介绍了聚酯装置的热媒炉在运行过程中多次停炉的原因和存在的问题 ,比如燃料油压力波动、燃料油温度低、含水高、控制系统联锁频繁、热效率下降等 ,通过增设燃料油罐、提高油罐温度、改造增压泵、优化VR -4控制系统以及其它措施 ,大大改善了热媒炉的运行状况     

直接碳燃料电池工艺设计研究进展

直接碳燃料电池(Direct Carbon Fuel Cell,DCFC)是一种洁净、高效的燃料电池技术,理论效率可达100%,实际效率高达80%.与其他燃料电池技术相比,DCFC的研究尚处于起步阶段.故对DCFC技术的原理、工艺设计的研究现状及CO2减排方面等相关内容进行了论述,最后在DCFC面临的技术难点上展望了D...     

用可燃废弃物替代烧成燃料减排二氧化碳效果分析

用可燃废弃物替代烧成燃料煤煅烧水泥熟料,可有效减排二氧化碳。本文首先介绍了可替代烧成燃料排放二氧化碳的计算方法,然后重点分析了用可燃性工业废弃物和城市生活垃圾替代烧成燃料减排二氧化碳的效果,并对利用水泥回转窑直接焚烧垃圾和在水泥回转窑旁设置垃圾焚烧系统处理垃圾两种方式减少CO2排放的效果进行了比较。