基于改进经验小波变换的行星齿轮箱故障诊断

行星齿轮箱振动信号具有复杂多分量和调幅-调频的特点。幅值解调和频率解调方法能够避免传统Fourier频谱中的复杂边带分析,有效识别故障特征频率。经验小波变换通过对信号Fourier频谱的分割构造一组正交滤波器组,能提取具有紧支撑Fourier频谱的单分量成分,再对单分量成分运用Hilbert变换即可实现信号的解调分析。经验小波变换能够有效分离出调幅-调频成分,不存在模态混叠现象,具有完备的理论基础,自适应性好、算法简单、计算速度快。将改进的经验小波变换应用于行星齿轮箱振动信号的解调分析;提出了一种单分量个数的估算方法,解决了经验小波变换中的Fourier频谱划分问题;给出了对故障敏感的信号分量的选取方法,提高了分析的针对性。将改进方法应用于行星齿轮箱振动仿真信号和实验信号分析,验证了该方法的有效性。     

改进的EWT方法在轴承故障诊断中的应用

为了实现经验小波变换中Fourier谱的自适应分割,提出了一种基于能量的尺度空间经验小波变换(Energy Scale Space Empirical Wavelet Transform,ESEWT)方法,并将此方法应用于轴承故障诊断。首先使用尺度空间的方法对傅里叶谱进行自适应划分,得到各频带分界点;接着根据各频带能量筛选频带分界点,使其保留能量大于均值的频带,合并小于均值的相邻频带;然后在得到有效的频带分界点后,设计小波滤波器组,得到分量信号;最后对各分量信号进行Hilbert变换,提取轴承的故障特征频率。通过实验验证,ESEWT方法能够减少频带分界点,在一定程度上改善了频带破裂现象,并且能够精确提取出轴承故障特征频率,凸显了故障频率及其谐波成分,能有效的识别轴承故障。     

基于线调频小波变换的旋转机械故障诊断

小波变换在设备故障信号处理中得到广泛地应用,然而,小波变换只能消除白色噪声,对有色噪声不起作用.线调频小波变换统一了短时Fourier变换和小波变换的时频分析,是信号的时间-频率-尺度变换,能根据信号的特点自适应生成新的时频窗口.它不仅具有小波变换良好的时频局部性特点,而且它的时频窗口比小波变换的时频窗口更加灵活.本文应用线调频小波变换对旋转机械故障信号进行消噪,效果明显.     

小波变换在电缆故障精确定位中的应用

将小波变换模极大值对检测信号奇异点的理论应用于检测脉冲反射信号,实现电缆故障的定性定位.重点分析了小波变换在强噪声中提取信号,再现信号突变点方面的优越性.仿真表明它能有效去噪、准确定位脉冲反射信号,有利于提高信道故障定位精度.     

滚动轴承故障的小波诊断法

对小波变换原理和信号局部奇异性在小波变换下的特性进行了分析，通过选用多尺度小波变换成功地对滚动轴承故障信号进行了检测。     

小波分析在天然气传输系统压缩机故障检测中的应用

介绍了小波变换的原理及在天然气传输系统故障检测中的应用，利用小波包分析了其主要设备压缩机的故障。结果显示，同傅里叶变换和短时傅里叶变换(STFT)相比，小波变换及小波包变换是更有效的压缩机故障检测方法。     

小波变换在机械系统非线性信号消噪中的应用

噪声的去除一直是信号处理中较为关键的技术之一。小波变换在时、频两域都具有表征信号局部特征的能力，突破了传统Fourier分析的局限性，很适合检测信号的奇异现像。用Daubechies小波和Fourier变换分别对洛仑兹混沌信号以及撞击流反应器压力波动非线性信号进行去噪分析，结果表明，二者的去噪效果有较大的不同，突出了小波变换用于非线性信号去噪的性能。因而，将小波用于信号消噪具有重要的意义。     

基于混合方法的智能终端故障检测

提出了一种基于混合方法的智能终端故障检测方法。首先介绍了所设计的智能终端故障检测方法，然后提出了一种基于连续小波变换(CWT)和BP神经网络的混合方案，该方案通过连续小波变换得到故障特征值，通过BP神经网络的学习机制对故障特征值进行自动识别和分类，最后将其应用于山火监测装置和微气象装置。结果表明，该方法的智能终端故障检测的准确性虽然会随着天气环境的恶劣情况有所降低，但仍能够始终保持在98%以上，有较高的准确性。     

基于小波奇异性的机械故障检测

介绍了小波变换的基本原理及小波奇异性用于机械故障检测的基本原理，提出了一种基于小波奇异性的机械故障检测方法，并根据小波变换模极大值在不同尺度下的分布来完成故障的检测。仿真实验证实了该方法的可行性。     

基于自适应二代小波的涂层下裂纹检测研究

基于自适应二代小波变换的过流部件涂层下裂纹检测方法,将自适应二代小波变换应用于阵列涡流的检测中,发现阵列涡流检测能够很好地抑制提离效应,且不受缺陷方向的影响,自适应二代小波能够有效匹配信号特征,消除噪声影响,提高信号质量.实验结果表明,基于自适应二代小波变换的阵列涡流检测方法能够有效识别水电站过流部件涂层下裂纹故障,检...     

Vibration analysis of rotating machinery using time-frequency analysis and wavelet techniques

Time-frequency analysis, including the wavelet transform, is one of the new and powerful tools in the important field of structural health monitoring, using vibration analysis. Commonly-used signal analysis techniques, based on spectral approaches such as the fast Fourier transform, are powerful in diagnosing a variety of vibration-related problems in rotating machinery. Although these techniques provide powerful diagnostic tools in stationary conditions, they fail to do so in several practical cases involving non-stationary data, which could result either from fast operational conditions, such as the fast start-up of an electrical motor, or from the presence of a fault causing a discontinuity in the vibration signal being monitored. Although the short-time Fourier transform compensates well for the loss of time information incurred by the fast Fourier transform, it fails to successfully resolve fast-changing signals (such as transient signals) resulting from non-stationary environments. To mitigate this situation, wavelet transform tools are considered in this paper as they are superior to both the fast and short-time Fourier transforms in effectively analyzing non-stationary signals. These wavelet tools are applied here, with a suitable choice of a mother wavelet function, to a vibration monitoring system to accurately detect and localize faults occurring in this system. Two cases producing non-stationary signals are considered: stator-to-blade rubbing, and fast start-up and coast-down of a rotor. Two powerful wavelet techniques, namely the continuous wavelet and wavelet packet transforms, are used for the analysis of the monitored vibration signals. In addition, a novel algorithm is proposed and implemented here, which combines these two techniques and the idea of windowing a signal into a number of shaft revolutions to localize faults.     

连续小波变换的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了用连续小波变换与傅立叶变换相结合进行轴承故障识别的新方法。先通过Morlet连续小波变换对故障轴承信号进行不同尺度的分解,然后进行小波尺度一能量谱统计,再在有可能体现故障频率的尺度上对其获得的小波系数进行快速傅立叶变换来识别故障特征频率。对于非常微弱的内圈故障提出了通过共振解调法对特定尺度系数进行Hilbert包络提取故障频率的新方法。优点在于能够在强噪声背景下较为精确的识别故障。实际测试验证了新方法的正确性。     

异步电动机故障诊断的小波变换等高图方法

用Morlet小波作为小波基，对异步电动机鼠笼转子故障时的定子电流信号进行多尺度分析，将获得的小波变换系数用等高图表示，从中能清楚地识别出异步电机鼠笼转子不同断条的故障。较基于傅立叶变换的故障诊断，该方法对异步电动机故障的辩识能力有显著提高。     

Fast Fourier and discrete wavelet transforms applied to sensorless vector control induction motor for rotor bar faults diagnosis

This paper presents new techniques to evaluate faults in case of broken rotor bars of induction motors. Procedures are applied with closed-loop control. Electrical and mechanical variables are treated using fast Fourier transform (FFT), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) at start-up and steady state. The wavelet transform has proven to be an excellent mathematical tool for the detection of the faults particularly broken rotor bars type. As a performance, DWT can provide a local representation of the non-stationary current signals for the healthy machine and with fault. For sensorless control, a Luenberger observer is applied; the estimation rotor speed is analyzed; the effect of the faults in the speed pulsation is compensated; a quadratic current appears and used for fault detection.     

机械故障诊断内积变换原理与验证

工程实际常用的快速傅里叶变换、短时傅里叶变换、小波变换、第二代小波变换和多小波变换等先进信号处理方法,为关键设备运行监测与故障诊断奠定了基础。为深刻认识其共性问题,对机械故障诊断信号处理方法物理本质与关键技术等基础问题进行研究。指出它们的变换原理都是内积变换,探求信号中包含与"基函数"最相似或最相关的分量,关键在于构造和选择动态信号中与故障特征波形相匹配的基函数,实现科学、正确的状态监测与故障诊断。通过仿真试验和工程案例,对机械故障诊断的内积变换原理进行验证,证明该原理的正确性和可靠性。同时,根据试验现象得出若干基函数性质对内积变换的影响规律,补充和完善了机械故障诊断内积变换原理。     

Application of Hermitian wavelet to crack fault detection in gearbox

The continuous wavelet transform enables one to look at the evolution in the time scale joint representation plane. This advantage makes it very suitable for the detection of singularity generated by localized defects in the mechanical system. However, most of the applications of the continuous wavelet transform have widely focused on the use of Morlet wavelet transform. The complex Hermitian wavelet is constructed based on the first and the second derivatives of the Gaussian function to detect signal singularities. The Fourier spectrum of Hermitian wavelet is real; therefore, Hermitian wavelet does not affect the phase of a signal in the complex domain. This gives a desirable ability to extract the singularity characteristic of a signal precisely. In this study, Hermitian wavelet is used to diagnose the gear localized crack fault. The simulative and experimental results show that Hermitian wavelet can extract the transients from strong noise signals and can effectively diagnose the localized gear fault.     

小波变换在摆式列车倾摆控制系统故障诊断中的应用研究

小波变换在故障诊断中得到较广泛的应用，但采用不同的小波，分析结果往往会有很大差异。对常用的正交、半正交、双正交小波提取信号特征的能力进行分析比较，表明半正交B样条小波因具有线性相位和采用较长的分解系列，而具有较好的局部化特性和较小的变换误差，是摆式列车倾摆控制系统故障诊断中的较佳小波基。提出一种新的确定故障诊断阈值的方法，并通过实验证明了方法的有效性，为小波变换在摆式列车实车倾摆控制系统故障诊断中的应用提供理论依据。     

基于小波变换的信号奇异性检测的研究

介绍小波变换的基本理论以及基于小波变换模极大值的信号奇异性检测方法,并在MATLAB下进行了仿真实验。实验表明,小波变换有着傅立叶变换无法比拟的良好效果。