2021年中国钛白粉行业经济运行分析及未来发展

简析了钛白粉行业重点下游行业——涂料、塑料、造纸行业运行情况,分析了2021年中国钛白粉行业生产、进出口数据,总结了行业运行特点,指出了目前中国钛白粉行业面临的问题,指明了行业发展趋势,并提出有利于我国钛白粉行业健康发展的相关政策建议。     

喷射设备行业的标准化

陈述了创建全国喷射设备行业标准化技术委员会的过程,总结了行业特点和产品的现状,提出了行业标准化体系并予以剖析,明确了行业标准化工作计划,展示了行业标准化的前景。为行业的技术进步和产业发展提供了标准化工作蓝本。     

喷射设备行业的标准化

陈述了创建全国喷射设备行业标准化技术委员会的过程,总结了行业特点和产品的现状,提出了行业标准化体系并予以剖析,明确了行业标准化工作计划,展示了行业标准化的前景.为行业的技术进步和产业发展提供了标准化工作蓝本.     

2015年上半年中国涂料行业经济运行情况及下半年走势分析

概述了房地产行业、汽车行业、家具行业和船舶行业等几个使用涂料的重点行业的发展形势。以国家统计局数据为依据,分析了我国涂料行业基本运行情况,总结了2015年上半年涂料行业运行特点,并对下半年行业运行进行了展望。     

陶瓷的新技术新工艺对锆行业的影响

笔者回顾了锆行业与陶瓷行业的依存与发展历史,对陶瓷行业的新装饰技术和新工艺技术进行了分析,并阐明了这些技术对未来锆行业尤其是硅酸锆行业的影响。     

2005年PVC管材行业的动态与分析

介绍了塑料管道行业的概况,阐述了2005年塑料管道行业发展的主要特点和PVC管材行业的情况,指出了PVC-U管材行业存在的问题及应对措施,对PVC-U管道的发展前景及行业的发展趋势作了展望。     

浅析2006年我国洗涤用品工业

介绍和分析了洗涤用品行业2006年的生产和运营情况,指出了2006年洗涤用品行业的主要问题。同时,对2007年洗涤用品行业形势进行了预测,指出了洗涤用品行业今后的发展方向,对洗涤用品行业提出了更高的要求。     

紧跟时代脉搏,推进行业工作——2018年氧化铁行业经济运行情况(下)

综述了2018年中国氧化铁行业面临的经济形势和行业节能减排情况,标列了2018年行业的主要经济运行数据,展望了氧化铁行业未来的发展方向。     

紧跟时代脉搏,推进行业工作——2018年氧化铁行业经济运行情况(上)

综述了2018年中国氧化铁行业面临的经济形势和行业节能减排情况,标列了2018年行业的主要经济运行数据,展望了氧化铁行业未来的发展方向。     

浅谈氯碱化工行业的现状及其发展趋势

随着我国经济和科技的快速发展,我国的氯碱行业也得到了迅速扩大和发展,氯碱行业的竞争日益激烈,行业的快速发展使得许多新企业加入到氯碱行业中,很多氯碱行业为了提高自身的竞争力,扩大生产规模,提高了生产力。本文对氯碱行业进行了简单介绍,对氯碱行业的现状进行了探讨,并探讨了氯碱工业的发展趋势和未来的前景。     

Some gas phase reactions during the firing of magnesite-chromite refractories in a tunnel kiln

Conclusions A correlation is shown between the high-temperature, physicochemical processes in basic refractories, changes and reactions in the gaseous phase, and the nature of the wear of the roof of a tunnel kiln.As a result of dissociation, oxidation, and volatilization the waste gases are enriched with vapors of alkalis, CrO₃, sulfur trioxide, and oxides of iron and magnesium, and become corrosive with respect to the kiln lining. The reaction of the oxides vapors with each other and with the lining of the roof and their condensation determines the nature of the wear in the magnesite-chromite refractories, the chemical and mineral compositions of the resulting deposits and crusts. The main source of alkalis and sulfur trioxide is the sulfite yeast dregs (sulfite lye) present in the goods being fired.We determined the temperature relationship with the composition and amounts of deposits and crusts. Carcase and skeletal deposits and crusts formed on the firing section of the kiln, mainly periclase and spinel compositions; in the warming-up section the deposits were brittle, granulated, consisting of sulfates, chromates, chromium oxide, periclase, and spinels.It was found that the deposits on the walls of the pores in the MKhS refractories consist of sulfates and chromates, forming solid solutions.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 13–16, May, 1980.     

《日用樟脑》行业标准的研制及应用

根据市场需求研究制定了林业行业标准《日用樟脑》。该标准主要规定了日用樟脑的外观、性状、嗅味感、要求、试验方法、功能添加剂、形状、大小、包装、标识、贮存、运输、卫生和管理,适用于以合成樟脑或者天然樟脑为基本原料制得的各种不同形状的日用樟脑制品。研究建立了以气相色谱分析为主的相应检测和分析试验方法,确定了含量、密度等主要技术参数及取值范围。同时还研究了日用樟脑中相关掺假制假物质的分析检验方法。     

煤的基本化工过程与污染特征分析

通过回顾性叙述煤干馏、煤制焦、煤制气、煤制油等方面的煤化工过程基本原理,分析了煤化工过程的产品方向,从煤的性质、工艺要求和技术特点介绍了煤化工过程产生污染物的原因。从煤制焦、煤制气两个方面重点分析了“三废”的来源及其成分,其中,废气来自化学转化过程中未完全炭化的细煤粉及其析出的挥发分、焦油气、飞灰和泄漏的粗煤气、出焦时灼热的焦炭与空气接触生成的CO、CO₂、NO₂等,废水包括除尘废水、剩余氨水、酚氰废水、脱硫废液、煤气水封水等,废渣包括粉尘、煤尘、酸焦油、焦油渣、剩余污泥等。煤化工过程的气相污染物主要包括碳氧化物、硫氧化物、氨气、挥发酚、苯、苯并芘、CO、CH₄、小分子烃类化合物等,液相污染物除了含有氨氮、氰化物、硫氰化物、硫化物、苯类、酚类及油分外,还含有大量苯并芘、萘等的多环芳烃和吡啶、咔唑、联苯、三联苯等的杂环芳烃化合物。煤化工污染表现为分布面广、组分复杂、高浓度、多相介质共存、环境风险大的特征,而煤化工废水则表现为高浓度/盐分、高污染(组分多)、有毒难降解、富氮缺磷的典型特征。文中指出煤化工过程与污染特征之间的关系的阐明需要科技工作者加深对煤的基本性质、转化过程原理、分离纯化原理、产品应用原理的全面认识,与此对应的技术与策略应当立足于对行业的资源-产品-经济-环境-社会作用链深度理解和有效的系统集成基础上,从规模、产品、技术、管理、市场、人才等方面加强战略设计与逻辑创新的构建。     

中低温煤焦油蒸馏过程中金属元素的迁移规律

以中低温煤焦油轻油和重油为实验原料,采用常压蒸馏获得170~200℃、200~240℃、240~270℃、270~300℃、300~320℃、320~340℃、340~360℃和360~390℃煤焦油馏分油;利用配有油品加氧制冷进样系统的ICP-OES测定了21种微量元素在馏分油中的含量,考察了不同馏分油中元素的分布情况。研究表明：在原煤焦油中,未发现Ag、Mg、Mo、Na、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量较高的元素有Sn、P、Al、Pb、Si,其中Sn元素在轻油和重油中的含量分别为11.78μg/g和14.04μg/g;在所有馏分油中,未发现Al、Mo、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量比较高的元素有Si、Sn、Na、Zn、Pb,特别是Si、Na、Sn、Zn、Ni、Pb及B元素可以有效富集于馏分油中。可能的原因是Ca、Fe、Mg、Al等金属以不同的盐类形态存在,在煤焦油脱水及<170℃蒸馏过程中,这些金属盐类会被部分带出,导致其在馏分油中的含量未富集或未检出;通过关联金属元素在馏分油中的分布与其组成的关系,馏分油中元素的分布可能与酚类化合物、杂环化合物和蒸馏温度等相关。酚类化合物及杂环化合物可能与Ag、B、Cu、Mo、Sn、Na、Zn、Ca、Pb等金属形成络合物或卟啉配合物,蒸馏温度一方面可以破坏Sn、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ca、Pb等元素在馏分油中的结合力,另一方面也可以促进这些元素与馏分油中的含氧、含氮等化合物更好地发生化合反应,进而影响金属元素在馏分油中的含量分布。     

Structure controlling and process scale-up in the fabrication of nanomaterials

Nanotechnology is already having a significant commercial impact, and will very certainly have a much greater impact in the future. The research on process engineering and scale-up will be very important for the commercial production and application of nanomaterials, because the properties and structure of nanomaterials are not only determined by the nucleation and growth process, but also strongly affected by the engineering properties, such as the mixing, the heat and mass transfer, and also the distribution of temperature, concentration, etc. This paper will present some research work in our laboratory on the fabrication of nanomaterials. Based on the chemical engineering principle and methods, many kinds of novel nanomaterials can be synthesized and their structure can be easily controlled through adjusting the parameters of the fluid mixing, and the distribution of temperature, residence time and concentration, etc. By using the micro-mixing, heat and mass transfer and reaction control methods, the host-guest nanocomposites have been assembled and assumed as the novel electroanalytical sensing nanobiocomposite materials. Based on the principles of chemical engineering, the manufacturing technologies for magnetic powders, calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide have been developed for commercial-scale production, and the largest production scale has reached 15 kt/year.     

Properties of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) films for drug‐controlled release

With bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model drug, drug‐loaded films of chitosan (CS) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were obtained by a casting/solvent evaporation method and crosslinked by tripolyphosphate (TPP). The films were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The influential factors of drug‐loaded films on drug‐controlled release were studied. These factors included, primarily, the component ratio of CS and PVA, the loaded amount of BSA, the pH and ionic strength of the release solution, and the crosslinking time with TPP. The results showed that within 25 h, when the weight ratios of CS to PVA in the drug‐loaded films were 90 : 10, 70 : 30, 50 : 50, and 30 : 50, the cumulative release rates of BSA were 63.3, 72.9, 81.8, and 91.8%, respectively; when the amounts of model drug were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g, the release rates were 100, 81.8, and 59.6%, respectively; when the pH values of the drug release medium were 1.0, 3.8, 5.4, and 7.4, the release rates reached 100, 100, 37.9, and 7.8%, respectively; the cumulative release rates of BSA were 78.4, 82.3, 84.3, and 91.7% when the ionic strengths of the release solution were, respectively, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4M; when the crosslinking times of these drug films in the TPP solution were 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 min, the release rates attained 100, 100, 81.8, 65, and 43.3%, respectively. All the results indicated that the CS/PVA film was useful in drug delivery systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 808–813, 2005     

BP-AMOCO工艺氧化单元催化剂和促进剂消耗模型

提出一种采用BP AMOCO工艺的氧化单元钴、锰催化剂和溴促进剂的消耗模型。模型首先对氧化单元配料系统进行分析,建立氧化单元钴锰溴的消耗与配料混合罐出口流股的流量、钴锰溴的浓度,以及氧化单元循环母液的流量、钴锰溴浓度的关联模型;然后再对氧化单元钴锰溴循环系统进行机理和统计分析,建立氧化单元母液的流量、钴锰溴的浓度与配料混合罐出口流股的流量、钴锰溴的浓度的关联模型;最终建立可以根据配料混合罐出口流股钴锰溴浓度和母液循环率,计算氧化单元钴锰溴消耗的模型,从而为操作参数优化提供基础。     

高浓度二氧化碳入侵对土壤理化性质的影响

在地质储存CO_2(GCS)泄漏对生态环境的影响中,土壤作为生态系统中物质与能量交换的主要介质,其理化性质的变化研究尤为重要。采用人工模拟CO_2泄漏地表的方式,并分析土壤pH值、总有机碳、氮、磷、钾、水溶性盐浓度的变化及地表植物响应。结果表明:CO_2入侵使土壤总有机碳相比于对照增加了1.56%~43.75%,总氮下降了0.88%~13.25%,氨氮与硝氮也同比下降,磷、钾、水溶性盐总体也是减少的,但土壤pH值有所上升,且各植物长势均较好,尤其是豌豆与萝卜的生长较好。结论:高浓度CO_2入侵会对土壤理化性质产生一定影响,而且对植物的生长有促进作用。     

美国炼油业的发展动向对我国的启示

美国是世界第一大炼油国，本文分析了当前美国炼油业发展现状，指出美国炼油能力主要集中在五大区域，其中PADD3区的墨西哥湾不仅是美国也是世界最大炼油中心。2013年以来，美国炼油厂开工率一直维持在90%左右，毛利始终保持世界第一。伴随原油质量的变化和油品质量的不断升级，催化裂化、催化重整占比有所下降，加氢能力显著提高，装置结构持续优化。同时，文章总结最新发展动向，主要表现：一是得益于页岩油气革命的成功，美国原油产量、油品产量及出口量持续增长，2017年原油对外依存度降至42.07%，油品净出口量43.8万桶/日。二是为了提高行业及企业的竞争力，进一步加快落后产能淘汰及兼并重组步伐，持续推进国际化；三是更加注重整体区域化和基地化发展，特别是拥有资源、物流、市场优势的PADD3区和PADD2区；四是不断创新与升级催化裂化、加氢裂化与处理、烷基化等传统炼油技术，加大分子炼油、原油直接生产化工品、智能化炼油厂等前沿性技术的研发。本文分析认为，鉴于美国炼油业的地位和发展新态势，今后我国炼油业要实现高质量发展，应在保障国家石油安全的基础上，在国家政策的积极引导下，持续推进供给侧结构性改革，促进基地化、区域化、一体化发展，推进国际化进程，高度重视安全环保与质量升级，不断加强科技创新、苦练内功，实现炼油强国的“中国梦”。     

Characterization of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 in Rat Oocytes,Preimplantation Embryos,and Selected Maternal Tissues during Early Development and Implantation

This study aimed to describe glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) in rat oocytes, preimplantation embryos, and female genital organs. After copulation, Sprague Dawley female rats were euthanized with anesthetic on the first (D1), third (D3), and fifth days of pregnancy (D5). Ovaries, oviducts, and uterine horns were removed, and oocytes and preimplantation embryos were obtained. Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent, and Western blot methods were employed. Using immunofluorescence, we detected GPx4 in both the oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Whereas in the oocytes, GPx4 was homogeneously diffused, in the blastomeres, granules were formed, and in the blastocysts, even clusters were present mainly around the cell nuclei. Employing immunohistochemistry, we detected GPx4 inside the ovary in the corpus luteum, stroma, follicles, and blood vessels. In the oviduct, the enzyme was present in the epithelium, stroma, blood vessels, and smooth muscles. In the uterus, GPx4 was found in the endometrium, myometrium, blood vessels, and stroma. Moreover, we observed GPx4 positive granules in the uterine gland epithelium on D1 and D3 and cytoplasm of fibroblasts forming in the decidua on D5. Western blot showed the highest GPx4 levels in the uterus and the lowest levels in the ovary. Our results show that the GPx4 is necessary as early as in the preimplantation development of a new individual because we detected it in an unfertilized oocyte in a blastocyst and not only after implantation, as was previously thought.