铜精炼阳极炉用镁-铬耐火材料内衬的气相腐蚀

镁铬耐火材料是铜精炼阳极炉风口常用的耐火材料。除热化学和热机械损耗之外，内衬还要经受气相腐蚀损坏。这里介绍了在伊朗Sarcheshmeh制铜集团（complex）的阳极炉中气相腐蚀的研究结果。由XRD和SEM/EDX对用后的铬镁耐火砖进行了分析。结果表明：在温度约900℃时，耐火内衬因碳沉积而开始破坏。由于耐火材料中含有铁相而使耐火材料的气孔中碳沉淀更加严重。然而对于低铁的铬镁耐火内衬，这种腐蚀将是轻微的。对于尖晶石类耐火材料，未观察到内衬破坏。从实用和经济的观点对阳极炉内衬的上述结果进行了讨论。     

水泥回转窑的机械应力对耐火材料内衬的影响

介绍了水泥回转窑受到的机械应力及其对内衬耐火材料的影响，说明了为减轻应力，提高回转窑内材耐火材料和机械部件的使用寿命而采取的措施。     

流化床气化炉内衬耐火材料研究进展

流化床气化炉因采用的原料多样化、炉内气氛复杂,对内衬耐火材料层存在侵蚀和破坏,内衬耐火材料衬里的使用寿命对气化炉长周期稳定运行影响巨大。气化炉内衬耐火材料的选取和烘制是关系到煤气化工艺成败的关键技术。本文对耐火材料的种类、性能要求及失效机理进行了介绍,并对流化床及耐碱腐蚀常用耐火材料的研究现状进行了综述,针对流化床煤气化工艺特点,提出了气化炉内衬耐火材料选取及内衬施工等的建议,为流化床工业炉内衬耐火材料的筛选及制作提供指导。     

水泥窑材料对碱性耐火材料的化学腐蚀

在典型的温度范围内对过渡带和烧成带(1200～1450℃)的烧结材料进行粉末测试和涂覆测试,以研究水泥窑材料对碱性耐火材料的化学腐蚀。测试的碱性耐火材料是镁尖晶石(MSp)和镁锆(MZ)耐火砖。用XRD和SEM-EDS技术观察已使用的和所测试到的显微结构,经1200℃下测试后在MSp(含或不含ZrO2)砖的试样中检测到的新相有二元相(C12A7,CaZrO3)和三元相(C2AS或C3MS2)。在1300℃和更高温度下进行测试,检测到三元相C7A3Z和CaZrO3以及四元相Q-C20A13M3S3或C6A4(M,F)S。腐蚀测试温度升至1300℃,试样中生成C3A3.CaSO4相。MZ砖试样中形成的新相有熟料相[β-C2S、C3A和C2(A,F)/C4AF]和C7A3Z相。     

Lightweight design of bauxite-SiC composite refractories as the lining of rotary cement kiln using alternative fuels

To meet the demand of energy-saving and adapt to the change from coal to the alternative fuel in the rotary cement kiln, bauxite-SiC refractories were fabricated by the incorporation of silica sol coated lightweight mullite aggregates in order to achieve low thermal conductivity and superior alkali vapor attack resistance simultaneously. Furthermore, the mechanism of resistance to alkali vapor attach was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the thermal conductivity of bauxite-SiC specimens decreased gradually with increasing amounts of silica sol coated lightweight mullite aggregates while changes in the alkali vapor attach were not detectable. The shell-covered structure with a silica sol coating on the surface of lightweight aggregates hindered alkali vapor diffusion into the aggregates at high temperature. Bauxite-SiC refractories possessed lower thermal conductivity, superior alkali attack resistance and higher mechanical properties compared with the specimens which contained pristine lightweight aggregates.     

我国石油替代燃料发展研究

石油替代燃料包括天然气和气态烃以及一些二次能源,如生物质能(乙醇、生物柴油)和煤基燃料(煤制油)、氢能等,开发石油替代燃料并使之形成一个新兴的能源产业是解决石油资源枯竭的主要方法之一。分别阐述了各种石油替代燃料的开发现状、存在问题和开发前景。     

New lining constructions based on fibrous refractory materials

Conclusions Bench tests enabled us to determine the thermotechnical properties of multilayer linings based on fibrous materials and to find optimal methods of attaching them.On the basis of the results of investigations, new designs have been developed for linings of thermal plants and these have been built at a number of metallurgical undertakings.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 27–31, May, 1979.     

火电厂的腐蚀与防腐蚀对策

我国的电力生产以火电为主 ,火电厂的事故中锅炉腐蚀占一定份额。通过对火电厂的各类腐蚀的分析 ,指出化学清洗是防止锅炉腐蚀的有效措施     

Upgrade of refractory lining of teeming ladles

A gradual upgrade of refractory lining of 160-ton teeming ladles, the disadvantages of the previous lining schemes, and methods for their elimination are described. The implementation of developed techniques has increased the resistance of teeming ladle lining by 60% (from 50 to 80 heats) and the consumption of refractory in the working layer of lining has decreased by 35.7% (from 4.79 to 3.08 kg/t of steel. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 18–19, July, 2007.     

Maintenance repair of the refractory lining of glass furnaces

The problem of increasing the service life of glass furnaces with the aim of reducing expenses is solved most effectively by using the method of depositing refractory powders onto the internal surface of fractured regions by an oxygen torch. The high efficiency of the facing has been confirmed by the service life of glass furnaces of different design, output, and purpose with the thus repaired roofs, walls, and other parts. The repair is performed using domestic equipment and powders. Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 6, pp. 44–45, June, 2000.     

耐火材料窑炉设计中的优化选材

根据耐火材料工业几种主要窑炉的使用条件 ,结合耐火材料的性能特征 ,概括总结了耐火材料工业几种主要窑炉优化选材的原则 ,并举例进行了说明。