认知频控阵雷达对随队假目标的动态零陷形成研究

电子战环境中,随队支援式假目标可在雷达照射主瓣内做非线性运动,这对基于相控阵体制的雷达实时地将波束零点对准假目标位置造成了困难。针对这一问题,提出一种基于频控阵雷达的动态零陷形成技术,系统通过从环境中提取干扰假目标距离信息,之后结合认知技术利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器获得假目标运动的外推轨迹,并将预测信息通过反馈回传至雷达发射模块,通过频控阵距离维波束形成技术调整发射权矢量使得波束零点指向干扰源预测位置。仿真结果表明:所提方法可以有效地实施对主瓣内运动的欺骗式假目标动态零陷,相比于不基于预测信息的波束形成技术具有显著的性能优势,为频控阵雷达抗主瓣欺骗式干扰提供了技术支持,在阵列信号处理方面具有一定的理论和实际意义。      

频控阵雷达空距频聚焦信号处理方法

针对复杂环境下对低可观测运动目标探测的迫切需求,该文在系统回顾近几年频控阵雷达国内外发展现状、频控阵雷达阵列结构设计及波束形成、距离和角度的联合估计等技术的基础上,提出了基于空距频聚焦的频控阵雷达信号新方法。充分利用频控阵雷达提供的发射波形自由度、阵元位置自由度、波束方位与距离相关性以及凝视观测的特点,即在空间(角度)、距离和频率(多普勒)的灵活自由度和能量集性,实现空-距-频聚焦和联合参数估计。仿真分析表明该方法具有提高复杂环境下雷达微弱动目标检测和参数估计的潜力,在杂波和干扰抑制、动目标精细化处理等方面有广阔的应用前景。      

基于MVDR算法的频控阵雷达干扰抑制方法北大核心CSCD

为提高频控阵雷达的抗干扰能力,针对基于最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)波束形成算法的频控阵雷达干扰抑制方法进行了研究。首先,构建了频控阵阵列系统的信号模型,基于信号模型推导了基于频控阵的MVDR波束形成算法;然后,将传统相控阵中的MVDR波束形成算法应用到频控阵当中;最后,通过仿真分析了MVDR波束形成算法的抗干扰能力。仿真结果表明:采用MVDR波束形成算法能够实现目标位置增益最大;此外,信号输出信噪比随输入信噪比的增大而逐渐增大。文中研究能有效提高频控阵雷达在距离与角度维度的抗干扰能力,对于提升雷达检测系统的性能具有重要意义。     

FDA-MIMO雷达非自适应波束形成抗主瓣欺骗式干扰研究

频率分集阵（frequency diverse array, FDA）雷达通过在发射阵元间引入微小的频率步进量,具有额外的距离维可控自由度。通过结合多输入多输出(multiple-input and multiple-output,MIMO)技术,可在接收端分离发射波形,并获得距离角度耦合的发射导向矢量,增加了信号处理的灵活性。本文针对主瓣欺骗式干扰抑制问题,在FDA-MIMO 雷达体制中提出了一种基于非自适应波束形成的抗干扰方法,通过选择合适的频率步进量,使欺骗式假目标位于波束形成方向图的零点,从而实现对其的抑制。仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。      

频控阵雷达技术研究进展综述

由于频控阵雷达具有距离依赖性和时变性的阵列因子,能够克服传统相控阵雷达阵列因子缺失距离变量和多输入-多输出雷达发射阵列增益损失的缺点,但是,频控阵雷达在系统理论、信号处理和应用实现等方面仍存在诸多待解决的研究问题。该文分析了频控阵雷达技术的概念、内涵与外延,梳理了近五年来国内外关于频控阵雷达技术及其应用方面的最新研究进展,论述了频控阵雷达干扰与抗主瓣干扰、模糊杂波抑制与盲速目标检测以及定位欺骗方面的应用优势,并讨论了频控阵雷达技术的未来融合化发展趋势。      

频控阵雷达技术及其应用研究进展

与传统的相控阵只形成方位角依赖性的发射波束不同,频控阵通过在阵元间采用一个小频差来实现波束的自动扫描功能。频控阵能够形成具有距离依赖性和时变性的发射波束,克服了传统相控阵阵列因子不包含距离和时间变量的缺点,因而带来很多独特的应用优势。该文在作者的“频控阵雷达:概念、原理与应用”(《电子与信息学报》,2016, 38(4): 1000–1011)基础上,简要介绍频控阵雷达的基本原理,全面梳理近3年来国内外关于频控阵雷达技术及其应用方面的最新研究进展,讨论几种新的频控阵雷达技术应用前景,主要包括雷达对抗和雷达-通信一体化应用,并指出目前亟待研究解决的波束时变性、有效接收机设计、自适应信号检测与估计和原理样机研制等几个关键问题。      

频分MIMO雷达波形捷变抗自卫式假目标干扰

针对频分MIMO雷达在自卫式欺骗干扰情况下,空域自适应波束形成算法无法有效抑制干扰的问题,提出了一种基于波形捷变的时域自卫式假目标干扰抑制方法.首先阐述了支援式主瓣假目标干扰抑制机理,指出其抗自卫式干扰的局限性;然后分析了波形捷变抗自卫式干扰的基本原理;最后对频分MIMO雷达在不同周期发射的正交信号波形进行了设计,使干...     

一种基于频控阵预编码的干扰抑制技术

目前阵列雷达目标探测技术大多依赖传统的相控阵技术,但其所产生的波束只与角度有关. 而近年来频控阵（frequency diverse array, FDA）的提出,使得波束不仅与角度有关还与距离和时间有关. 基于FDA技术,通过最大化接收信号的信噪比（signal-to-noise ratio, SNR）作为优化目标,提出了最优发射信号的预编码和FDA频偏的设计方法,从而把对其他无线设备的干扰降低到最小. 预编码的设计使得FDA的波束在目标处产生一个角度-距离维上的孤立点,而FDA的优化算法是基于一种变种的梯度下降法,通过回溯法线性搜索出最佳迭代步长. 数值仿真结果显示,该算法成功地在目标处产生了点状波束,且算法可在10次以内完成收敛,从而可以在角度-距离维进行干扰抑制.     

LFM脉冲压缩雷达的随机移频多假目标干扰技术研究

针对LFM脉冲压缩雷达回波信号距离和多普勒频率存在耦合这一特点, 在阶梯波移频干扰的基础上, 提出了随机移频的干扰方法。在雷达回波信号中心频率正负二分之一带宽内附加随机的多普勒移频分量, 可产生分布在真实目标周围的随机假目标。随机移频干扰技术产生的假目标随机性强, 使得雷达无法通过假目标频率补偿得出真实目标的位置, 并且随机移频产生的假目标相对于雷达是部分适配的, 因此假目标在一定程度上会展宽, 当附加随机移频点接近于雷达中心频率时, 产生的假目标甚至可以覆盖真实目标, 从而达到较好的干扰效果。     

结合SBL的双脉冲频控阵雷达离网目标定位方法

目标定位是雷达信号处理中一个具有重要理论意义与实际意义问题。为解决频控阵雷达传统的目标定位算法存在计算量大、目标真实位置偏离空间离散采样网格等问题。本文将频控阵雷达特性与离网稀疏贝叶斯模型结合提出了基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的双脉冲频控阵雷达离网目标定位算法。频控阵雷达发送两个脉冲,其频率偏移量分别为零和非零,然后基于离网稀疏贝叶斯模型估计目标的方位角与斜距。这种方法可以理解为当频控阵雷达以零频偏发射脉冲时,在角度域中检测目标,然后通过适当选择非零频率偏移量在距离域中对目标定位。仿真结果表明,即使在较粗糙的采样网格下,该算法也能保持较高的估计精度,显示了其优于传统算法的优势,证明了该方法的有效性与可靠性。      

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.