自定义服务质量模型的网格工作流调度算法

随着网格服务应用的发展,在网格工作流中,复杂的任务可以由多个独立的服务,通过工作流引擎等方式组合成新服务后完成。在组合服务的过程中,由不同服务提供商提供的候选服务,具有不同的服务质量参数,在网格工作流调度中,需要满足用户定义的服务质量约束。提出了方便用户定义的服务质量模型,并且在该模型的基础上,改进了网格工作流调度算法,通过实验分析证明改进后的算法优于传统的调度算法。     

Design for service compatibility

Service composition is a recent field that has seen a flurry of different approaches proposed towards the goal of flexible distributed heterogeneous interoperation of software systems, usually based on the expectation that such systems must be derived from higher-level models rather than be coded at low level. In practice, achieving service interoperability nonetheless continues to require significant modelling approach at multiple abstraction levels, and existing formal approaches typically require the analysis of the global space of joint executions of interacting services. Based on our earlier work on providing locally checkable consistency rules for guaranteeing the behavioural consistency of inheritance hierarchies, a model-driven approach for creating consistent service orchestrations is proposed. Service execution and interaction is represented with a high-level model in terms of extended Petri net notation; formal criteria are provided for service consistency that can be checked in terms of local model properties, and give a multi-step design approach for developing services that are guaranteed to be interoperable. Finally, it is outlined how the presented results can be carried over and applied to modelling processes using the Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN).     

服务组合的代数规约

现有的服务组合描述途径不能有效地验证和测试组合正确性,针对这一问题,提出了一个代数规约方法,引入规约包机制扩展面向服务代数规约语言SOFIA以支持该方法。用代数规约单元描述服务系统中的各种实体,其中基调部分定义实体的语法和结构,公理部分定义其功能和行为特性。与一个服务相关的规约单元封装在一个包中或拆分在几个相互引用的包中,每个包形成一个命名空间。当多个服务组合在一起时,以这些服务的代数规约包为基础,一方面抽象地定义组合服务的交互过程和语义,形成描述服务组合实现方式的实现规约包;另一方面抽象地定义组合服务对外接口及其功能语义,形成描述组合服务需求的抽象规约包。在实现规约和抽象规约的双元结构基础上,进一步定义了实现规约和抽象规约之间必须满足的“实现”关系,证明了满足实现关系可以保证实现的正确性,从而为服务组合的可验证性和可测试性奠定了理论基础。最后结合实例分析阐述了用代数规约描述服务组合的抽象性、可表达性和可验证性。     

基于uMSD的Web服务组合验证方法研究

手工分析组合服务相当困难和耗时,为此提出了一种基于uMSD的Web服务组合的模型检验方法.如何简单和直观地表示Web服务组合的时态性质是该方法的关键问题.鉴于uMSD在简单性和表达力之间找到了一个平衡点,定义了uMSD的形式语法和语义.以Web服务组合OJA为实例,使用uMSD来图形化地表示组合服务的时态性质,展示了u...     

Facilitating the Rapid Development and Scalable Orchestration of Composite Web Services

The development of new Web services through the composition of existing ones has gained a considerable momentum as a means to realise business-to-business collaborations. Unfortunately, given that services are often developed in an ad hoc fashion using manifold technologies and standards, connecting and coordinating them in order to build composite services is a delicate and time-consuming task. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a system in which services are composed using a model-driven approach, and the resulting composite services are orchestrated following a peer-to-peer paradigm. The system provides tools for specifying composite services through statecharts, data conversion rules, and multi-attribute provider selection policies. These specifications are interpreted by software components that interact in a peer-to-peer way to coordinate the execution of the composite service. We report results of an experimental evaluation showing the relative advantages of this peer-to-peer approach with respect to a centralised one.     

基于CPi-calculus的网格服务行为研究

当前基于网格服务组合的编排方案（choreography proposals）只给出服务描述层面上的定义,没有提供任何推导方法来保证基于此编排方案的服务的一致性。如何验证组合服务行为的正确性和有效性是当前亟需解决的一个研究课题。形式化方法提供了行之有效的建模、推导和验证机制。本文给出网格服务组合基调,基于此基调分析了网格组合服务的动态交互行为特性,提出基于CPi-calculus（Conditional Pi-calculus）的网格组合服务的行为交互模型（IABM）,并给出组合服务交互行为的形式化描述,最后进行交互行为的模拟验证。该网格服务行为交互模型为今后网格服务的组合优化工作提供了代数推导依据。     

Business Processes Verification for e-Government Service Delivery

Domain experts knowledge represents a major source of information in the design and the development of user-centric and distributed service-based applications, such as those of e-government. Issues related both to the communication among domain and IT experts, and to the implementation of domain dependent requirements in service-based applications, have to be carefully considered to support both Public Administrations efficiency and citizen satisfaction. In this article, we provide as user-friendly approach toward business process assessment via formal verification. Starting from a semi-formal notation, well understood and largely used by domain experts, we provide a mapping to a formal specification in the form of a process algebra. This transformation makes possible formal and automatic verification of desired quality requirements. The approach has been already applied, with encouraging results, in the e-government domain to verify the quality of business processes related to the delivery of e-government digital services to citizens. Moreover, the approach is supported by a plug-in for the Eclipse platform permitting to have an integrated environment in which to design the process model and to assess its quality.     

一种有效的服务资源自动语义标注方法

在服务网格中,分布式网络计算的实现依赖于如何在OGSA下实现服务交互问题的有效解决.为此,服务接口必须采用机器可理解的方式描述,从而为网格服务的动态发现和组合提供底层支持.服务语义标注技术满足了上述需求,它提出使用共享域本体中机器可理解的元数据标注服务资源描述.提出了一种有效的服务资源自动语义标注方法,该方法将服务语义标注过程分解为域标注和概念标注两个阶段,重点针对域标注问题,提出了基于机器学习的域标注算法,对实际服务资源的标注实验验证了该算法的有效性.     

Explicit modeling of semantics associated with composite states in UML statecharts

UML statecharts are used for describing dynamic aspects of system behavior. The work presented here extends a general Petri net-based methodology to support formal modeling of UML statecharts. The approach focuses on the specific task of generating explicit transition models associated with the hierarchical structure of statechart. We introduce a state-transition notation to serve as an intermediate model for conversion of UML statecharts, and in particular, the complexity of composite states, to other target specifications. By defining a process for deriving, from UML statecharts, a state-transition notation that can serve as an intermediate state machine model, we seek to deepen understanding of modeling practices and help bridge the gap between model development and model analysis. This work covers all of the primary issues associated with the hierarchical structure of composite states, including entry and exit transitions, transition priorities, history states, and event dispatching. Thus, the results provide an important step forward toward the goal of modeling increasingly complex semantics of UML statecharts. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under grant number DAAD19-01-1-1-0672, and the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant number CCR-9988168.     

数据网格中的数据管理服务框架分析

分析了欧洲数据网格项目中数据管理中间件的体系结构和基本实现。所有的服务都是紧密结合OGSA体系结构并基于Web Service技术原型。目前的数据管理体系结构是模块化的，主要部件有复制定位服务、复制元数据服务、复制优化服务、复制订阅等。详细分析了数据管理各个部分的结构并给出了将来的方向。     

Application of a Methodology for the Development and Validation of Reliable Process Control Software

This paper discusses the necessity of a good methodology for the development of reliable software, especialy with respect to the final software validation and testing activities. A formal specification development and validation methodology is proposed. This methodology has been applied to the development and validation of a pilot software, incorporating typical features of critical software for nuclear power plant safety protection. The main features of the approach indude the use of a formal specification language and the independent development of two sets of specifications. Analyses on the specifications consists of three-parts: validation against the functional requirements consistency and integrity of the specifications, and dual specification comparison based on a high-level symbolic execution technique. Dual design, implementation, and testing are performed. Automated tools to facilitate the validation and testing activities are developed to support the methodology. These includes the symbolic executor and test data generator/dual program monitor system. The experiences of applying the methodology to the pilot software are discussed, and the impact on the quality of the software is assessed.     

基于网格服务的信息系统框架研究

提出了基于网格服务的信息系统框架，探讨了框架的形成和发展，指出基于网格服务信启、系统的特点和实现的关键技术。此框架使传统的信息系统开发过程分化为应用服务开发和集成过程，简化并优化了系统的实施，使系统具有更强的易维护性、稳定性、可靠性和适应性。此框架使应用服务提供商和集成商分化出来，分工更细，专业化和社会化程度更高，符合社会发展的总趋势。此框架实现了多个网格的集成，提出了多种相关技术在网格计算中的研究需求和方向。     

基于遗传算法的多性能目标网格服务调度算法

在分析状态图工作流模型的基础上，提出了一种网格环境下多QoS（服务质量）约束的组合服务模型，根据提出的模型归纳出了动态服务调度问题的形式化描述，并提出了一种基于遗传算法的动态服务调度算法进行求解.该算法采用基于服务区域及服务实例个数的编码方式，以组合方案的有效性和组合服务的综合QoS参数的效用值作为适应度函数，从而保证组合服务调度的全局QoS要求.与其它算法进行了比较.实验结果显示该算法是可行和有效的．     

Model-driven development of composite context-aware web applications

Context-awareness constitutes an essential aspect of services, especially when interaction with end-users is involved. In this paper a solution for the context-aware development of web applications consisting of web services is presented. The methodology proposes a model based approach and advocates in favour of a complete separation of the web application functionality from the context adaptation at all development phases (analysis, design, implementation). In essence, context adaptation takes place on top of and is transparent to the web application business functionality. Starting from UML diagrams of independent web services and respective UML context models, our approach can produce a functional composite context-aware application. At execution level this independence is maintained through an adaptation framework based on message interception.     

动态服务组合中资源选择的研究与实现

在面向服务的网格中,需要按用户请求动态地根据当前系统中服务的状况,组合出满足用户请求的服务组合。目前,当存在多个服务提供者提供相同功能的服务时,如何动态选择合适的服务却很少被论述,而且真实网格环境中的不确定性(如Cpu、网络的负载)也很少考虑。如何选择最合适的服务所在的资源,是服务组合中必须要考虑的。在分析动态服务组合的基础上,设计了一种动态选择资源的方法。并利用GT4中工厂设计模式给出其实现方式。该设计考虑了网格环境中资源的安全性和不确定性因素,比如资源经常失败,以及Cpu和网络的负载等,从而最大程度地提高服务执行的可靠性和高效性以及均衡系统负载。