肉苁蓉保健食品原料的质量研究

目的研究保健食品原料肉苁蓉的质量情况。方法依据2015年版《中国药典》和食品安全国家标准对6批荒漠肉苁蓉和6批管花肉苁蓉的标志性成分、外源性污染物等理化指标项目进行检测。结果荒漠肉苁蓉和管花肉苁蓉标志性成分相似,含量存在差异,外源性污染物检测均符合要求。结论采集的6批荒漠肉苁蓉和6批管花肉苁蓉作为保健食品原料均符合2015年版《中国药典》和GB 16740-2014《食品安全国家标准保健食品》的要求。     

葡萄籽提取物主要质量指标研究

目的 为了确定保健食品原料葡萄籽提取物主要质量指标的参数,本实验搜集30批次葡萄籽提取物并测定了其主要质量指标。方法 采用紫外分光光度法测定了葡萄籽提取物的原花青素值、多酚含量,采用液相色谱法测定了儿茶素、表儿茶素含量,参照食品安全国家标准,测定了灰分、水分、微生物指标(菌落总数、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、酵母菌、霉菌)、重金属和溶剂残留等主要质量指标。结果 所有葡萄籽提取物样品中原花青素值范围在81.1%至108.2%之间;儿茶素及表儿茶素含量范围为1.12%至8.58%;多酚含量在70.1%至106.1%之间;灰分含量范围在0.2%至1.8%;水分含量范围在3.76%至5.23%。变异系数由大到小的顺序为：儿茶素、表儿茶素＞灰分＞多酚＞水分＞原花青素值。所有样品菌落总数均小于10 CFU/g,大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌均未检出,酵母菌、霉菌总数均小于10 CFU/g,甲醇、乙醇残留均小于2 mg/kg,重金属(以pb计)小于0.05 mg/kg。结论 与我国目前唯一相关标准对比,所有质量指标中,仅原花青素值的限量需要进一步调整。     

市售鲜湿米粉菌落总数及大肠菌群数繁殖动态的考察

目的 考察南宁市售不同厂家的鲜湿类米粉的菌落总数、大肠菌群污染状况及后续繁殖动态。方法 按照GB 4789.1-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 总则》抽样方法, 从餐饮店抽取6批不同厂家的未开封的鲜湿米粉。按照GB 4789.2-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》、GB 4789.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》的检测方法, 分别在0、2、4、8、12、16、24 h对样品的菌落总数及大肠菌群项目进行检测, 在24 h同时取部分样品在沸水中焯1 min后平行检测, 对计数结果进行分析。结果 0 h时, 各样品的菌落总数在3.1×103~6.9×107 CFU/g, 大肠菌群在0~8.5×105 CFU/g。在22 ℃条件放置下, 随着时间推移, 各样品的菌落总数和大肠菌群数仍不断增殖。16 h(即保质期过后), 菌落总数达到7.2×107~1.9×109 CFU/g左右, 繁殖基本趋缓。24 h时, 在沸水中焯1 min后, 所有样品的菌落总数小于1.3×103 CFU/g, 大肠菌群均小于10 CFU/g, 远低于标准规定。结论 22 ℃储藏条件下并不能遏制鲜湿米粉的菌落总数及大肠菌群增殖, 沸水焯1 min可有效降至安全水平。     

辅酶Q10类保健食品注册审评审批状况分析与建议

辅酶Q10是一种脂溶性的类维生素苯醌化合物,由酪氨酸在人体内内源性合成,具有参与体内ATP产能、清除自由基和抗氧化、增强免疫力、稳定细胞膜等诸多生理功能.自2003年批准第一个辅酶Q10类保健食品,至2020年辅酶Q10作为备案原料进行管理,我国已批准171个辅酶Q10类保健食品.为更好了解已批准辅酶Q10类保健食品的...     

江西省不同产地吴茱萸中重金属及94种农药残留分析

目的 检测不同产地吴茱萸中重金属（铅、镉、砷、汞、铜）、33种禁用农药和61种农药残留。方法采用微波消解/电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定9个不同产地吴茱萸中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜,液相色谱-质谱法和气相色谱-质谱法测定33种禁用农药和61种农药残留。结果和结论 吴茱萸样品中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量均低于《中国药典》2020年版的限量标准;33种禁用农药残留量和61种农药残留量符合《中国药典》2020年版和《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》限量要求。     

酿造酱油品质及食用安全性探究

根据食品安全国家标准对市面上酿造酱油品质及食用安全性指标进行定量检测分析。结果显示,氨基酸态氮、全氮含量与质量等级呈正相关,即特级>一级>二级>三级;9份样品防腐剂混合使用时各自用量占其最大使用量的比例之和为0,21份小于1;26份样品检出菌落总数小于10,剩余4份中检出菌落总数最高为230 CFU·mL^-1、最低为35 CFU·mL^-1;18份样品检出大肠菌群小于10,其余12份检出大肠菌群均小于1。     

配方注册婴幼儿配方乳粉中蛋白质及三聚氰胺含量测定分析

目的通过测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中蛋白质及三聚氰胺含量,对我国现阶段配方注册的婴幼儿配方乳粉安全状况进行监测。方法婴幼儿配方乳粉中蛋白质的含量依照GB 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定》中"第一法凯氏定氮法"进行检测;三聚氰胺的含量依照GB/T22388-2008《原料乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺检测方法》中"第一法高效液相色谱法"进行检测。结果样品中蛋白质含量均符合食品安全国家标准规定,且满足测定值不小于标签标示值80%的规定;三聚氰胺的含量均为未检出或低于检出限,符合原卫生部公告的限量值规定。结论根据食品安全国家标准或推荐标准的检测方法和评价指标,所检测的样品中蛋白质项目满足配方注册要求。     

郑州市熟肉制品中产气荚膜梭菌污染状况调查

目的了解郑州市熟肉制品中产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)的污染状况,为熟肉制品储存过程中产气荚膜梭菌的安全控制提供技术支撑。方法按照GB 4789.13—2012《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验产气荚膜梭菌检验》中的方法分别对11种不同样品进行检测分析,结合VITEK鉴定法和分子生物学鉴定法进一步验证。结果 259份样品中,产气荚膜梭菌检出份数为38份,总检出率14.7%,不同样品的检出率范围为0.0%~33.3%,其中盐焗鸡样品检出率最高为33.3%(7/21),卤半片鸭和卤鸡肝样品未检出。烧鸡、烤鸡和卤鸡腿样品的产气荚膜梭菌菌落总数均超过5.0log10CFU/g,其他样品的菌落总数均在4log_(10)~5log_(10) CFU/g之间。结论郑州市熟肉制品中的产气荚膜梭菌污染现象较严重,烧鸡、烤鸡和卤鸡腿的菌落总数较高,有引起食物中毒的可能。     

新乡市生乳中菌落总数和金黄色葡萄球菌及β-内酰胺酶调查

目的了解新乡市规模化奶牛养殖场生乳中菌落总数、金黄色葡萄球菌和β-内酰胺酶的基线数据,为生乳安全性风险评估及国家标准更新提供资料。方法以新乡市3家规模化奶牛养殖场(A、B、C场)为观测基地,2016年5月—2017年4月每月采集2家生乳样品各29份和1份混合样品。分别按照GB 4789.2—2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》和GB 4789.10—2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验》测定菌落总数和金黄色葡萄球菌,胶体金法测β-内酰胺酶残留。结果 3家奶牛养殖场单份样品菌落总数的中位数分别为13 000、4 450、130 000 CFU/ml,明显低于GB 19301—2010《食品安全国家标准生乳》中的限量(2×10~6CFU/ml),差异有统计学意义(P0.01),3家奶牛养殖场的菌落总数之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。各奶牛养殖场单份样品的菌落总数与混合样品比较,仅B场差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。7~8月菌落总数较高。3家奶牛养殖场样品中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率分别为1.1%(4/360)、16.7%(30/180)和0.0%(0/180),计数结果为50~42 000 CFU/ml。3家奶牛养殖场的所有样品中均检出β-内酰胺酶,检出率为6.1%~10.6%。结论 GB 19301—2010生乳菌落总数限量远高于新乡市实际情况,建议修订标准;个别奶牛养殖场生乳中存在一定程度的金黄色葡萄球菌污染,需加强监管;筛查出的β-内酰胺酶需进一步鉴定其来源,同时要加强对β-内酰胺酶检测方法的研究。     

油凝胶对传统板栗酥加工及其品质特性的影响

在板栗酥面皮中添加油凝胶，分析其面团特性及产品品质。结果表明：添加8#、10#凝胶与猪油相比,面皮密度、烘焙损失率、油脂迁移率均无显著差异，产品感官品质在口感、结构及风味方面较为相近，过氧化值在储藏前30 d内趋势一致且数值相近，除8#凝胶外，面皮质构参数均出现显著下降。在储藏初期，板栗酥面皮水分含量相对较高，后趋于平稳，水分活度始终在0.56～0.68之间起伏。在整个储藏期间，菌落总数小于10⁴ CFU/g、霉菌小于150 CFU/g、大肠菌群小于10 CFU/g、金黄色葡萄球菌小于100 CFU/g,沙门氏菌未检出，微生物指标均符合GB 7099—2015和GB 29921—2021中的相关规定。可考虑用8#、10#凝胶替代或部分替代猪油添加到烘焙制品中，以减少饱和脂肪酸的摄入量。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the