软件项目计划的目标规划模型

论文通过对现有的项目计划和度量手段的分析,引入运筹学领域的目标规划模型。力图通过一个数学的模型,来尽量准确地刻画软件项目计划中各个要素之间的关系。并通过对该模型中一系列的目标和约束方程式的求解,来找到软件项目开发计划过程中可以使项目人员调配、时间分配、项目成本、软件质量、项目完成期限、项目利润等一系列因素平衡的一个满意解。     

The development of a knowledge-based system for information systems project development consulting

The foundation for a successful software development project is a well-conceived project plan which establishes the overall framework for effective project management. Two major functions of planning an information systems development project are: 1) the selection of an appropriate development strategy; and 2) the assessment of risk associated with the development of the system. This paper describes the development of a knowledge-based expert system to assist in choosing the most appropriate development approach to use when planning an information systems development project and when assessing the risk associated with that project. The knowledge base consists of a set of rules addressing both tasks. Case examples of the use of the expert system are also given.     

软件配置管理在经销商管理系统开发中的应用

软件配置管理活动贯穿于整个软件生命周期,为软件开发提供了一套可视化、可跟踪、可控制的管理办法和活动原则。将软件配置管理技术应用于经销商管理系统的项目中,包括角色分配、配置项计划、基线计划、配置库设计等具体的活动规划,并且有效地实施了版本控制、变更管理、发布管理等具体的活动。不仅提高了产品的质量,增强了对整个项目的控制,而且也规范了团队成员的管理。     

Software project control: an experimental investigation of judgmentwith fallible information

Software project management is becoming an increasingly critical task in many organizations. While the macro-level aspects of project planning and control have been addressed extensively, there is a serious lack of research on the micro-empirical analysis of individual decision making behavior. The heuristics deployed to cope with the problems of poor estimation and poor visibility that hamper software project planning and control are investigated, and the implications for software project management are examined. A laboratory experiment in which subjects managed a simulated software development project is reviewed. The subjects were given project status information at different stages of the lifecycle and had to assess software productivity in order to dynamically readjust project plans. A conservative anchoring and adjustment heuristic is shown to explain the subjects' decisions quite well. Implications for software project planning and control are presented     

Merging project planning and Web enabled dynamic workflowtechnologies

The MILOS system supports dynamic coordination of distributed software development teams by integrating project planning and workflow technologies over the Internet. The three-tiered Java architecture enables plan refinements to be made on the fly, and a change management component automatically creates traceability relationships between project entities     

基于CMM的软件过程改进实践

CMM是一种软件生产过程标准和软件企业成熟度评估标准,该标准侧重于软件开发过程的管理及工程能力的提高与评估。基于CMM理论在软件过程改进中的应用,针对软件开发过程中存在的问题,采用CMM2级项目级实践,实现4个关键过程域：需求管理、软件项目计划、软件项目跟踪和监督、软件质量保证,制定出符合项目需求和管理的规范与过程,将CMM理论应用于软件开发过程中,对项目各个环节的工作进行改进,取得良好的过程改进效果,并从中总结基于CMM模型进行过程改进的经验。     

An integrated multifractal modelling to urban and regional planning

In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for the design of multifractal urban or regional development plans that adhere to five planning principles: hierarchical polycentric urban development; transit-oriented development; locally dense residential development; penetration of green areas into built-up areas across several nested scales; preservation of interconnected networks of natural and green areas having various sizes. This conceptual planning framework is based on multifractal spatial modelling, which is intrinsically multiscalar. The GIS-based software application Fractalopolis (current version 1.0) is used to apply this conceptual framework to real-world case studies. Fractalopolis helps to define where to create new housing units and new facilities in accordance with the planning principles set out above. We use Fractalopolis to create a multifractal development plan for a medium-sized French metropolitan area, namely Besançon, for the year 2026. This plan allows a realistic “soft” transformation the Besançon metropolitan area in keeping with the five planning principles set out above and makes the region more multifractal.     

产品开发项目的离散时间/成本/质量平衡问题研究

为在项目网络计划技术中集成规划产品开发项目的时间、成本和质量,以多模式资源受限的项目调度问题研究为基础,定义了一个能支持产品开发项目优化控制的离散时间、成本和质量平衡问题模型.根据产品开发项目的特点,通过人力资源价格计算产品开发项目成本,采用质量功能展开技术对项目质量进行量化计算.最后给出一个求解该问题模型的分枝剪切算法,并通过一个项目实例对模型和算法进行验证.     

Theory-W software project management principles and examples

A software project management theory is presented called Theory W: make everyone a winner. The authors explain the key steps and guidelines underlying the Theory W statement and its two subsidiary principles: plan the flight and fly the plan; and, identify and manage your risks. Theory W's fundamental principle holds that software project managers will be fully successful if and only if they make winners of all the other participants in the software process: superiors, subordinates, customers, users, maintainers, etc. Theory W characterizes a manager's primary role as a negotiator between his various constituencies, and a packager of project solutions with win conditions for all parties. Beyond this, the manager is also a goal-setter, a monitor of progress towards goals, and an activist in seeking out day-to-day win-lose or lose-lose project conflicts confronting them, and changing them into win-win situations. Several examples illustrate the application of Theory W. An extensive case study is presented and analyzed: the attempt to introduce new information systems to a large industrial corporation in an emerging nation. The analysis shows that Theory W and its subsidiary principles do an effective job both in explaining why the project encountered problems, and in prescribing ways in which the problems could have been avoided     

GIS项目管理框架探讨

不少学者注重从软件工程的角度研究GIS的开发与实施,但笔者认为,也应当引入项目管理补充软件工程,指导GIS开发、实施与应用。文章辨析了工程与项目内涵,在此基础上提出了GIS应用从软件工程向项目管理的思维转换,并依据项目管理要求和GIS开发方法特点,提出了一个初步的GIS项目管理框架,涉及项目生命周期、项目目标管理、应用开发方法、项目管理功能和项目环境因素。笔者期望能够根据该框架,将目前GIS开发和管理方面的理论和方法综合起来,丰富GIS开发和管理知识,对其它信息系统项目管理具有借鉴作用。     

面向航空产品项目管理网络计划模型研究

为了解决航空产品研制过程中网络计划难于按节点有效控制的问题,在对航空产品项目计划特点分析的基础上,提出了控制流和文档流相分离的分级网络计划模型和网络计划层次划分指导原则。详细介绍了单层网络计划中建立控制流矩阵和文档流矩阵、分解耦合活动集、计算时间参数和关键路径的方法。基于该模型开发的软件在几家航空制造企业得到应用,结果表明该模型不仅可以合理有效地制定网络计划,而且可以有效对项目进度进行监控。     

Computer-aided design/drafting management within the united states air force logistics command civil engineering organization

The United States Air Force civil engineering organization is responsible for the design, construction, and maintenance of over $115 billion dollars worth of facilities at bases around the world. Many civil engineering functions and offices have procured or are in the process of procuring computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) technology to assist in accomplishing their assigned tasks. Specific areas where automation is anticipated as being most helpful include maintaining facility information, design and engineering, operations and maintenance, project management, master planning, and space planning and management. The actual achievement of these capabilities is less dependent on hardware or software and relies more on a comprehensive and achievable implementation and system management plan. The Air Force civil engineering implementation and management plan consists of four separate but related sections: the benefits/needs analysis; the application/action plan; the CADD standards manual; and the CADD user's guide.     

Estimating,planning and managing Agile Web development projects under a value-based perspective

ContextThe processes of estimating, planning and managing are crucial for software development projects, since the results must be related to several business strategies. The broad expansion of the Internet and the global and interconnected economy make Web development projects be often characterized by expressions like delivering as soon as possible, reducing time to market and adapting to undefined requirements. In this kind of environment, traditional methodologies based on predictive techniques sometimes do not offer very satisfactory results. The rise of Agile methodologies and practices has provided some useful tools that, combined with Web Engineering techniques, can help to establish a framework to estimate, manage and plan Web development projects.ObjectiveThis paper presents a proposal for estimating, planning and managing Web projects, by combining some existing Agile techniques with Web Engineering principles, presenting them as an unified framework which uses the business value to guide the delivery of features.MethodThe proposal is analyzed by means of a case study, including a real-life project, in order to obtain relevant conclusions.ResultsThe results achieved after using the framework in a development project are presented, including interesting results on project planning and estimation, as well as on team productivity throughout the project.ConclusionIt is concluded that the framework can be useful in order to better manage Web-based projects, through a continuous value-based estimation and management process.     

The Management Cycle: The Key to Control

Creating a plan for a systems development project is essential to the project's success, yet it is often ignored. MIS managers in search of innovative ways to manage a systems project should realize that following the standard management cycle of planning the project, evaluating the project's progress, and revising the project plan is the best method of controlling a systems development effort. This column discusses the importance of this management cycle to a systems development project.     

软件项目进度计划控制的过程与方法

良好的计划管理是软件项目成功的基础。针对软件项目管理的现状,综合运用软件工程和项目管理的思想,探索软件项目进度计划控制的过程和方法。提出了动态循环的控制方式和封闭循环不断运行的过程,并通过图形表达了进度计划控制流程;通过三个关键指标和四个评价指标研究用于控制团队进度的基于挣值管理的控制方法;通过PsP过程改进模型和具体实例研究用于个体控制进度的基于PSP的控制方法。文中的研究内容对于加强软件项目管理、提高进度计划控制水平等方面具有重要意义。     

The Management Cycle: The Key to Control

Creating a plan for a systems development project is essential to the project's success, yet it is often ignored. MIS managers in search of innovative ways to manage a systems project should realize that following the standard management cycle of planning the project, evaluating the project's progress, and revising the project plan is the best method of controlling a systems development effort. This column discusses the importance of this management cycle to a systems development project.     

Risk management for software projects

There is little to instruct software project managers on how to handle risk in a way that ensures the success of contingency planning and avoids crisis. This seven-step procedure describes how to identify risk factors, calculate their probability and effect on a project, and plan for and conduct risk management     

Our worst current development practices

Successful software projects can result from avoiding the more serious mistakes that lead to disaster. Specifically, we must look at the actual results of similar projects; make planning and estimating formal activities; plan for and control creeping requirements; use formal inspections as milestones for tracking project progress and software disasters; and collect accurate measurement data, during the current project, to use with future projects. There is no substitute for solid empirical data used by capable project managers who are supported by automated estimating and planning tools. This combination can almost always be successful. By contrast, no data at all, unprepared managers, and manual estimating and planning are consistently characteristic of our industry's major software disasters     

面向对象软件项目估算方法的研究

在软件开发过程中,软件项目计划处于十分重要的地位,制定周密、简洁和精确的软件项目计划是成功地开发软件产品的关键。随着面向对象技术的发展,传统的软件项目估算技术已不再适用于面向对象软件。文章主要讨论了目前已研究出的面向对象软件项目的估算技术,对各种方法进行了比较并分析其优缺点。