6061铝合金板料的成形性能及数值模拟研究

通过单向拉伸试验获得了6061铝合金原始T6态和退火态板材的基本力学性能,进而得出了6061铝合金的真实应力应变曲线。在此基础上,用不同本构方程对实验数据进行拟合,然后与材料应变硬化曲线相比较。结果表明,采用含有幂函数的本构方程对两种状态的板材试验数据拟合较好,基于单向拉伸试验获得两种状态板材在真应变为8%时的塑性应变比分别为0.996和0.712。此外,用有限元软件Dynaform对6061铝合金管材进行绕弯模拟,对获得的成形性能参数进行了验证。     

铝合金板材胀形极限的数值模拟研究

应用韧性断裂准则与有限元数值模拟相结合的方法预测了铝合金板料的胀形极限.将有限元模拟获得板材的应力、应变值代入考虑应力三轴度的Oyane韧性断裂准则进行断裂判断,预测出初始断裂点.准则中的材料常数通过单向拉伸和平面拉伸试验确定.计算了三种铝合金板的半球形凸模胀形极限,计算结果表明,应用Oyane韧性断裂准则能有效地预测铝合金板材的胀形极限.     

预拉伸条件下铝合金焊接变形的数值模拟

应用热弹塑性应力应变关系理论,在考虑材料性能参数随温度变化的条件下,运用大型ANSYS软件通过有限元法模拟分析了预拉伸应力对5A05铝合金板材焊接变形的影响.结果表明,采用预拉伸焊接法可以有效控制铝合金焊件焊缝及近缝区的纵向挠曲变形.随着预拉伸应力的增大,其控制变形的效果愈明显,当预拉伸应力为σp=90%σ0.2时,焊后纵向挠曲变形最大降幅达70.45%.模拟分析结果与实验测试结果基本吻合.     

中厚板塑性弯曲减薄计算及试验研究

基于塑性力学的基本理论,通过材料的应力应变关系,揭示中厚板弯曲减薄的根本原因,参照Crafoord理论,推导减薄量的理论计算结果。并根据理论研究结果,对高速车辆高强度铝合金进行了弯曲试验,采用高倍数显微测量仪,得到了各种材料不同工况下的弯曲减薄数据,理论计算值与试验数据吻合较好。该研究成果对制定弯曲成形工艺具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。     

车用铝合金板材回弹规律研究

在车用铝合金材料的成形加工过程中,回弹是主要的成形缺陷之一并且较难控制。本文对车用6061铝合金板材进行了室温拉伸试验获得其应力-应变曲线并建立改进的Johnson-Cook本构模型。该模型被应用于V形弯曲试验的有限元仿真中,研究不同各向异性屈服准则对板料回弹预测精度的影响,仿真结果表明应用YLD2000-2d屈服准则时其预测精度较高,同时也验证了该模型用于回弹分析的有效性。进一步探究不同因素如变形程度,冲压速度,摩擦条件,压边力等对铝合金板材回弹行为的影响规律,并应用于铝合金发罩内板的冲压成形过程,能够有效减小工件的回弹。     

高强度双相钢弯曲的微观组织形变与回弹机理研究

高强度双相钢冲压成形的主要缺陷是回弹.而金属塑性变形的微观组织形变可以揭示变形回弹机理.通过单向拉伸实验,获得材料力学性能参数;计算V形弯曲变形的应力分布,并进行实际弯曲.为此,研究了大塑性变形的微观组织形貌以及微观组织流动性与应力分布的对应关系.结果表明,弯曲圆弧内区层的塑性流动性优于外区层,对回弹的影响大于外区层.研究结果为控制高强度双相钢冲压回弹量提供一定的理论基础与方法.     

型材弯曲中断裂缺陷的探讨

针对双室型材弯曲工艺,通过单向拉伸试验,获得材料的弹性模量等基本材料性能参数,基于有限元软件ABAQUS,通过简化模型、合理设置接触摩擦、体壳单元不同选择等,进行有限元仿真,获得成形后应力和厚度减薄量的分布,得出小半径成形应力应变偏大.通过设计试验,验证了有限元仿真的正确性,并对断裂件进行原因分析,得出进给量和材料性能为主要影响参数,并提出相应的改进措施.     

低频振动辅助6061铝合金拉伸变形行为

为获得低频振动下6061铝合金的拉伸变形行为,采用ABAQUS有限元模拟分析和实验验证相结合的方法,对常规拉伸和低频振动辅助拉伸进行分析,用电子万能试验机对铝合金板材进行常规拉伸和不同方案的低频振动辅助拉伸实验。通过对比常规拉伸、间歇振动拉伸和全程振动拉伸3种拉伸方式,得到低频振动对拉伸过程中平均拉伸载荷和材料伸长率的影响,获得激振力和振动能量对拉伸载荷及材料伸长率的影响。结果表明,随着振幅或频率的提高,最大平均流动应力下降明显;一定范围内的激振力和振动能量,使拉伸平均载荷下降,提高了材料的塑性,增加了材料的伸长率。     

2024铝合金高温损伤模型的建立及其应用

针对2024铝合金在其高温拉伸过程中颈缩现象显著,实验测得的应力-应变曲线并不能准确反映材料的真实应力应变关系的问题,通过分析高温拉伸曲线中的流变软化现象及微观组织演化规律,认为动态回复和损伤是导致材料软化的主要机制,提出了一种"去耦合"方法求解真实应力-应变曲线。采用由Avrami方程求解所得的动态回复曲线作为高温下"无损伤"2024铝合金的应力应变关系,并引入Johnson-Cook损伤模型描述2024铝合金高温损伤演化过程。利用ABAQUS有限元模拟软件,集成上述应力应变关系和损伤模型,预测了2024铝合金拉伸断裂和方盒件热拉深成形破裂过程。其预测结果和实验基本一致。     

局部热处理提高铝合金复杂零件成形性的模拟研究

通过单向拉伸试验获得5250铝合金原始H112态和短时热处理板材的真实应力-应变曲线。采用有限元模拟方法探讨了局部热处理板材在铝合金复杂零件成形中的应用,系统研究了不同局部热处理方案对铝合金复杂口框零件成形性的影响,并分析了零件成形能力提高的机理。模拟结果表明,采用原始硬态板材成形口框零件时,局部减薄严重,破裂多发生在平面应变变形区;合适的局部热处理方案可显著提高口框零件的成形能力,局部热处理引起的材料局部软化可显著提高5250铝合金局部成形性,同时软硬材料的梯度分布可使原始破裂位置的应变路径由平面应变转变为双拉状态,进一步提高零件的成形能力。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。