电吸附除盐技术在炼油污水回用中的设计应用

齐鲁分公司胜利炼油厂第二污水处理场排海水深度处理回用工程在国内首次应用电吸附除盐技术。基于电吸附除盐技术的特点,优化深度处理组合工艺,根据实际运行情况对各单元进行改进,工艺指标达到设计要求。     

生物接触氧化塔在炼油污水回用中的应用

生物接触氧化塔在炼油污水回用中的试验表明,该处理设施具有抗冲击能力强、水力停留时间短、无回流污泥、占地面积小、结构简单、效果稳定等特点,对污水中ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ、氨氮、总磷等污染物具有很高的去除率,最终出水可满足循环冷却水要求。     

污水回用处理技术的研究

简要地介绍了污水回用的处理技术,并针对炼油废水大量排放的现状,提出了两个处理方案,通过工艺流程设计验证了炼油废水回用的可行性与实用性。实验表明：炼油废水经过深度处理后．其出水水质的主要指标完全达到并超过了生活杂用水水质标准．可以回收利用,真正实现了污水资源化。     

炼油污水深度处理回用技术

大庆石化公司炼油厂工业用水主要用于循环水补水、制取化学水、机泵压缩机冷却用水、消防用水、生活洗涤用水、施工用水和部分转供水。其用水大户为循环水补水和制取化学水,其中消耗量占炼油厂工业总水量70%-85％。到2008年底,炼油厂凝结水回收率为66．71％,循环水浓缩倍数为3．52,实现吨油耗水0．92t的历史最好水平,距股份公司要求0．75t相差0．17t。虽然还有进一步提高的空间,但受炼油厂地理位置及工艺流程和产品结构限制,需要高额的投资费用。     

炼油污水臭氧氧化-生物炭深度处理水质回用资源化

设计了臭氧氧化-生物活性炭深度处理装置,对经二级生化处理达标后的炼油污水,再经臭氧-生物炭工艺进行深度处理使水质主要指标达到地表水Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水标准:COD≤13mg·L-1;BOD5≤3.6mg·L-1;石油类≤0.46 mg·L-1;挥发酚≤0.00017 mg·L-1;NH3-N≤0.9 mg·L-1,循回用于工业生产,实现炼油污水资源化,并对臭氧提高有机废水可生化性和生物活性炭的工艺条件进行探讨.     

炼油污水臭氧氧化一生物炭深度处理水质回用资源化

设计了臭氧氧化-生物活性炭深度处理装置,对经二级生化处理达标后的炼油污水,再经臭氧．生物炭工艺进行深度处理使水质主要指标达到地表水Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水标准：COD≤13mg·L^-1;BOD5≤3．6mg·L^-1;石油类≤0．46mg·L^-1;挥发酚≤0．00017mg·L^-1;NH3-N≤0．9mg·L^-1,循回用于工业生产,实现炼油污水资源化,并对臭氧提高有机废水可生化性和生物活性炭的工艺条件进行探讨。     

炼油污水深度处理回用技术研究与应用

借鉴国内炼化企业污水深度处理技术及应用的经验,结合炼油厂的工业水水量分布、排放污水水质及回用水质的特点,科学地确定污水回用方向,并采用独特的暴气生物滤池、多点强氧化和部分脱盐的联合处理工艺,实现回用水水质达标,达到节水减排的目的.     

炼油污水的回用技术研究

提出一个经济合理的炼油污水回用处理工艺“浮选一生物过滤一臭氧催化氧化一高效过滤”,对抚顺石化公司石油一厂水净化车间生化二沉池出水进行了中试处理试验。研究结果表明,出水的主要几项污染指标COD、油、浊度有明显的降低,可达到工业用水的要求。其中COD由原水的70～180mg／L降到15mg／L以下,油质量分数由原水的2．5～5．6mg／L降到0．5mg／L以下,浊度由原水的24～33mg／L降到0．5mg／L左右,总铁离子由原水的1．5mg／L降到0．3mg／L以下,总磷由原水的1～1．5mg／L降到0．5mg／L以下,试验效果比较理想。     

文中油田污水降油处理改造及效果评价

文中油田产出水中油含量高，降油及相关污水处理难度大，处理后水质指标低，为此，分别进行了室内降油试验和现场改造应用。结果表明，含油大幅下降，现场水质指标明显提高，能够满足油田注水水质要求。     

食用油瓶用PET切片的研制开发

介绍了食用油瓶用聚酯切片的品质指标,特殊要求及存在的问题。阐述了生产食用油瓶用聚酯切片的方法,即:调整工艺、加入共聚第三组分IPA、控制添加剂的用量等。提供了一种改性聚酯的新生产工艺。     

Regeneration of a spent bleaching earth and its reuse in the refining of an edible oil

A spent bleaching earth from an edible oil refinery has been regenerated by thermal processing followed by washing with a solution of hydrochloric acid. Optimal regeneration conditions have been controlled by decolorization tests of a degummed and neutralized crude edible oil. Optimal values (temperature: 500 °C, carbonization time: 1 h, HCl concentration: 1 M ) gave a material as efficient as a virgin bleaching earth. The percentage uptake of chlorophyll derivatives and β‐carotenoids calculated at 410 and 460 nm, are respectively 92.8 and 95% for an oil processed by the regenerated spent bleaching earth, against 77.4 and 92.7% for the same oil processed by a commercial virgin bleaching earth. The results obtained after decolorization of an edible oil with a regenerated spent bleaching earth indicate that during the process, the resultant oil did not undergo any changes in the iodine value, the free fatty acid content and the saponification value. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

复合厌氧-生物接触氧化工艺处理油脂工业废水

介绍了预处理-复合厌氧-生物接触氧化工艺处理油脂工业废水的设计和运行调试工程实例.运行结果表明,以复合厌氧-生物接触氧化为主体的工艺处理高浓度的油脂加工废水是适宜的,该工艺处理负荷高、运行稳定,在进水COD、BOD5、SS和油类分别为32471.0～41674.5 mg/L、12 751.0～16 138.3 mg/L、3496.9～9 502.3 mg/L和271.6～592.3 mg/L情况下,出水COD为76.9～86.0 mg/L、BOD5 18.0～21.3 mg/L、SS 26.0～52.0 mg/L、油类1.05～4.96 mg/L,达到了设计要求.     

气田含油含醇污水处理工艺和技术

在气田开采中,为了抑制天然气水合物的生成,通常向气井和采气管线注入甲醇并在集气站内分离,产生了含油含醇污水。含油含醇污水成分非常复杂,典型的特点是腐蚀性强,结垢快,而且甲醇属毒性物质,污水直接排放会造成环境污染,给气田的生产和运行带来很大的影响,因而需要进行无公害化处理。     

文东油田污水降铁处理及现场效果评价

文东油田产出水中Fe^2 含量高，降铁及相关污水处理难度大，处理后水质指标低，对此，进行了室内降铁试验和现场应用。结果表明，污水指标较原来明显提高，能够满足油田注水和防腐要求。     

稠油比热容导热系数及粘温物性参数变化研究

利用Anton Paar MCR301旋转流变仪开展了不同区块稠油粘温性的实验研究,在20～300℃,利用HA-Ⅱ型比热容测定装置及HA-Ⅱ型导热测定装置,测定了岩石、水和不同区块稠油的比热容及不同区块稠油的导热系数.研究结果表明,稠油的粘度对温度非常敏感,随温度升高而大幅度降低.在20～300℃,稠油的比热容值在1.6840～4.4939 J/(g·K)变化,变化范围较大.稠油的导热系数都有随着温度的升高而降低的规律,并且在数值上较为接近,在20～300℃,导热系数在0.1196～0.1650W/(m·K)变化,变化范围很小.     

The use of coal liquefaction catalysts for coal/oil coprocessing and heavy oil upgrading

The catalytic hydrogenation of heavy oil and mixed coal-heavy oil (coprocessing) systems has been the focus of a recent study at the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC). The intent of this effort was to extend the use of coal liquefaction technologies to heavy oil upgrading and coprocessing systems. Specifically, new dispersed molybdenum-based catalysts developed at FETC and a novel silica-doped hydrous titanium oxide (HTO : Si)-supported NiMo catalyst developed at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) were tested in these systems. The results indicate the potential of coal liquefaction catalysts for use in coprocessing and heavy oil upgrading. High conversions of coal–oil mixtures were observed with dispersed catalyst loadings as low as 100 ppm Mo. Similar results were observed in heavy oil systems. Also, the novel NiMo/HTO : Si catalyst was at least as effective as commercially-available supported catalysts (e.g. Amocat 1C) for conversion of high boiling point material to distillable products and aromatics removal.     

处理油库污水的改性PVDF超滤膜结构与性能

在PVDF/PVP体系中添加Al₂O₃和TiO₂两种无机纳米颗粒,利用沉浸凝胶相转化法制得纳米颗粒总量不同和比例不同的改性PVDF平板超滤膜。探讨了纳米颗粒比例和总量对膜性能的影响。利用SEM、XRD对改性膜的结构进行了表征。并利用该改性膜处理典型沿海油库含油污水。结果显示:两种无机纳米颗粒的加入,明显增强了纳米改性膜的亲水性,使膜的抗污染性能得到提高;膜的韧性和强度得到改进;膜表面及膜孔的微观结构、改性膜的结晶度没有受到无机纳米颗粒的明显影响。最佳的纳米颗粒总含量为3%,两种纳米颗粒最佳质量比例为1:2。采用改性膜处理油库含油污水,稳定时出水中悬浮物含量低于0.4 mg·L^-1;石油烃类含量低于0.5 mg·L^-1;COD值在60～70 mg·L^-1之间,达到了国家污水排放标准。     

Quantitative determination of castor oil in edible and heat-abused oils by13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Application of¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for detection of castor oil (CO) in various edible oils, such as coconut oil, palm oil, groundnut oil and mustard oil, is described. Characteristic signals observed at δ 132.4, δ 125.6, δ 71.3, δ 36.8 and δ 35.4 ppm, due to C10, C9, C12, C13 and C11 carbons of ricinoleic acid (RA) in CO, were selected for distinguishing it from edible oils. Quantitative¹³C NMR spectra of oils were recorded in CDCl₃ with a gated decoupling technique. The minimum detection limits for qualitative and quantitative analyses were 2.0 and 3.0%, respectively. The proposed method is simple, nondestructive and requires no sample pretreatment. Its application to heat-abused oils has also been demonstrated successfully without any of the interferences observed in most other methods.