GF增强PPS复合材料的增韧改性研究

分别以乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(GMA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)、马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)为增韧剂,以质量分数为40%的玻璃纤维(GF)为增强剂,通过双螺杆挤出机制备了一系列GF增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)复合材料,探讨了增韧剂种类及含量对复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度及弯曲弹性模量、悬臂梁缺口冲击强度和熔体流动速率(MFR)的影响。结果表明,POE-g-MAH对GF增强PPS复合材料的增韧效果最明显,当POE-g-MAH的质量分数为6%时,复合材料的悬臂梁缺口冲击强度比未添加增韧剂时提高25%,并且POE-g-MAH对复合材料的MFR影响相对较小,是一种高效的GF增强PPS复合材料增韧改性剂。     

POE-g-MAH对PA66/纳米TiO_2复合材料力学性能及相容性的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了尼龙(PA)66/马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)/纳米TiO2复合材料,通过万能材料试验机、冲击试验机、熔体流动速率(MFR)测试仪等研究了POE-g-MAH对复合材料力学性能及MFR的影响,利用Molau实验和FSEM考察了POE-g-MAH与PA66的相容性。结果显示,POE-g-MAH与PA66基体有很好的相容性;随着POE-g-MAH用量的增加,PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米TiO2复合材料的缺口冲击强度逐渐增加,拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸弹性模量及MFR逐渐降低;当POE-g-MAH质量分数为12%时,复合材料的综合性能最佳,缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸弹性模量和MFR分别为20.89kJ/m2,41.15MPa,64.2MPa,1428.15MPa和19.2g/(10min)。     

PA6/ABS合金的增韧改性研究

采用马来酸酐接枝丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS-g-MAH)、马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)和苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)为相容剂,研究了相容剂种类、相容剂含量、增韧剂含量及挤出机螺杆转速对尼龙6/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PA6/ABS)合金力学性能的影响。研究表明,ABS-g-MAH为PA6/ABS合金的最佳相容剂,且质量分数为20%时合金的缺口冲击强度最高;采用ABS-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH复合增容增韧可得到力学性能优越的PA6/ABS合金;降低挤出机螺杆转速可使PA6/ABS合金的缺口冲击强度提高。     

增韧尼龙612/尼龙6合金的性能

采用双螺杆挤出机对尼龙612 (PA612)及PA612/尼龙6 (PA6)合金进行增韧改性,研究了增韧剂类型、添加量对PA612以及PA6添加量对增韧PA612/PA6合金的力学性能、熔体流动速率和维卡软化点温度的影响。结果表明,三元乙丙橡胶接枝马来酸酐(EPDM-g-MAH)、聚烯烃弹性体接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)、聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PE-g-MAH)三种增韧剂对PA612起到了不同程度的增韧效果,其中EPDM-g-MAH效果最明显;当EPDM-gMAH的添加量由0份增至20份时,材料的断裂伸长率、简支梁缺口冲击强度逐步提高,而拉伸强度、弯曲强度、熔体流动速率、维卡软化点温度逐步降低,EPDM-g-MAH添加量变化对材料的简支梁缺口冲击强度影响最大,而对维卡软化点温度影响最小。添加15份EPDM-g-MAH增韧不同配比的PA612/PA6合金,当PA6的用量由0份增至85份时,增韧PA612/PA6合金的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、维卡软化点温度、吸水率逐步提高,而断裂伸长率、简支梁缺口冲击强度逐步降低,PA6添加量变化对材料的吸水率影响最大,而对材料的简支梁缺口冲击强度影响最小。     

共聚PA6/66在PA66/GF复合材料中的应用

以共聚尼龙(PA)6/66和POE-g-MAH作为增韧剂,采用熔融共混法对PA66/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料进行增韧改性,考察两种增韧剂用量对其结晶行为、力学性能、热变形温度(HDT)和熔体流动速率(MFR)的影响。结果表明,高用量的POE-g-MAH对复合材料中PA66的结晶有一定阻碍作用,而共聚PA6/66对PA66的结晶性能影响较小;随着共聚PA6/66和POE-g-MAH用量的提高,PA66/GF复合材料的冲击强度明显提高,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和HDT则逐渐下降;与POE-g-MAH相比,共聚PA6/66对拉伸及弯曲强度和HDT的不利影响较小,且略微提高了复合材料的MFR,而POE-g-MAH大幅降低了复合材料的MFR。当两种增韧剂的质量分数均为12%时,共聚PA6/66和POE-g-MAH增韧的复合材料的无缺口冲击强度和缺口冲击强度基本相当,但前者在拉伸强度、弯曲强度、HDT和MFR方面均有更明显的优势。     

玻璃纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的增韧改性研究

通过双螺杆挤出共混的方式制备了玻璃纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料,并采用乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、马来酸酐接枝乙烯辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)、马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-MAH)增韧剂对该复合材料进行了增韧改性,系统研究了玻璃纤维添加量、增韧剂用量对复合材料力学性能的影响,并结合扫描电镜等仪器对其增强及增韧改性的机理进行了研究。结果表明:EVA,POE-g-MAH,HDPE-g-MAH不仅改善复合材料的冲击性能,而且所制备的复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度也得到了一定程度的提高;与HDPE-g-MAH相比,EVA与POE-g-MAH对复合材料表现出更佳的增强增韧效果。     

玻璃纤维增强SAN的研制及其在电器上的应用

利用硅烷偶联剂改善玻璃纤维(GF)与(苯乙烯/丙烯腈)共聚物(SAN)之间的相容性,采用聚烯烃弹性体(POE)接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)对GF增强SAN体系进行增韧,制备了综合性能较好的GF增强SAN材料.结果表明,当GF、POE-g-MAH、偶联剂的质量分数分别为20%、6%和0.4%时,材料的综合力学性能最好:缺口冲击强度达到8.9 kJ/m2,拉伸强度、弯曲强度分别为104、130 Mpa;所研制的GF增强SAN材料已于空调轴流、贯流风扇等产品中批量应用.     

相容剂对稻糠/聚丙烯复合材料加工性能和尺寸稳定性的影响

通过反应挤出法制备了马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)相容剂,研究了POE-g-MAH对稻糠/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料力学性能、加工性能和尺寸稳定性的影响。结果表明:POE-g-MAH增容效果优于马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM-g-MAH)和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH),能显著提高复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度和尺寸稳定性;EPDM-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对复合材料加工性能影响不大,而POE-g-MAH使稻糠/PP复合材料的最大转矩和平衡转矩明显降低,加工性能得到改善。     

增容剂对短切GF增强PP复合材料性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了短玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,加入不同种类和含量的马来酸酐接枝物以改善PP和GF的相容性,制备出既增强又增韧的GF增强PP复合材料。利用熔体流动速率(MFR)仪、差示扫描量热(DSC)仪、热变形温度(HDT)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和万能试验机对所制备的材料进行分析测试。结果表明,加入马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-MAH)和马来酸酐接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)均能增大复合材料的MFR,改善加工流动性;相比PP/GF复合材料,加入1份POE-g-MAH的复合材料的HDT提高了5℃,加入1份PP-gMAH的复合材料的HDT提高了14℃;而加入2份POE-g-MAH的复合材料的HDT远远高于加入2份PP-g-MAH的复合材料。加入短GF能够提高PP的结晶度,加入少量(1份或2份)PP-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH均能提高复合材料的结晶温度和起始结晶温度,具有异相成核的作用。通过SEM观察发现,加入两种接枝物均能增加GF表面附着的聚合物,提高GF与PP的粘附力;加入2份POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH的复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量最佳,相比PP/GF复合材料,分别提升25.1%和25.9%,38.0%和40.3%,13.9%和19.2%;常温(23℃)和低温(-20℃)简支梁缺口冲击强度分别提升76.6%和55.0%,42.2%和30.6%。两种接枝物均能提高GF增强PP复合材料的力学性能,且加入2份POE-g-MAH的复合材料不仅表现出与加入2份PP-g-MAH的复合材料相近的拉伸和弯曲性能,而且具有更优异的冲击性能。     

增韧剂和偶联剂下GF增强PA复合材料性能表征分析

选择双螺杆挤出机来制备以尼龙(PA)6T/66与PA10T为基础的玻璃纤维(GF)增强复合材料,分析马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-MAH)增韧剂对PA复合材料的力学特性改变作用。研究结果表明:将POE-g-MAH加入含20%GF的PA66复合材料基体后,试样的弯曲、拉伸强度以及弯曲弹性模量都发生了减小;对于含GF为20%的PA10T,弯曲弹性模量逐渐减小,拉伸与弯曲强度则先增大后减小。在加入了5%POE-g-MAH的复合材料断面中,出现了较多数量的褶皱,POE-g-MAH能够使GF和PA6T/66之间形成更良好的界面结合性能,显著提高界面相容性。加入偶联剂会导致PA6T/66体系力学性能的明显改善。加入POE-g-MAH可以改善树脂的界面相容性能,提高GF和树脂的结合强度。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。