液晶显示器缓冲垫绿色设计及有限元分析

目的设计绿色环保的液晶显示器缓冲衬垫,并对其受跌落冲击时的缓冲效果进行有限元分析。方法采用瓦楞纸板折叠成形的方式对液晶显示器的缓冲衬垫进行绿色设计。在ABAQUS有限元软件中建立液晶显示器和缓冲衬垫的实体模型,通过有限元软件模拟液晶显示器运输过程中角跌落的冲击响应,分析缓冲衬垫的缓冲效果。结果角跌落冲击过程中,等效应力云图表明衬垫跌落角处变形较大,应力集中,显示器跌落角处最大应力达到1.293 MPa,但未超过材料的屈服极限。冲击加速度计算结果表明,以1 m的高度跌落时,显示器上易损件的最大冲击加速度为748 m/s2,未超过液晶显示器的许用脆值。结论瓦楞纸板折叠成形的环保缓冲衬垫满足缓冲包装要求,能有效保护显示器抵抗跌落冲击。     

大平面液晶显示器的缓冲包装结构设计与研究

利用缓冲包装设计"六步法",研究某大平面液晶显示器的缓冲保护包装结构设计问题.提出了瓦楞纸板、EPS、EPE和纸浆模塑缓冲保护设计方案,并制作了EPS(保利龙)缓冲保护的样品.实验发现了底部右侧衬垫破损以及显示器面板翘起的新问题,根源在于缓冲衬垫厚度过大、EPE发泡颗粒不均匀以及变形过大等.对缓冲包装结构进行改进设计,最终满足了产品缓冲保护要求.为大平面电子产品的缓冲保护结构设计进行有益的探索,提供了成功的案例.     

太阳能组件的整体包装设计

目的对太阳能组件多片集装进行运输包装设计,为小型机电产品的整体包装设计提供一种方法。方法了解太阳能组件的产品属性、流通过程和环境条件,从产品的防护、装卸搬运、堆码、防潮、防静电等方面考虑,对托盘、内部缓冲装置、外包装箱等方面进行整体包装设计。结果内缓冲包装结构采用胶合板材质的木支架和木质固定块对组件进行支撑和固定,BC楞结合的五层瓦楞纸板做上下垫板,灰底白卡纸板作为纸护角对组件进行分割保护,利用PET打包带对组件和底部的瓦楞纸板垫板进行纵向2道捆扎,并对托盘的结构形式、材质、堆码、防护固定方式等进行设计,完成太阳能组件的整体包装过程。结论该整体设计方案能够完全满足太阳能组件的运输包装需求,在节省材料、降低成本的同时,提高了安全防护性,为小型机电产品的整体包装设计提供了思路。     

充气垫缓冲材料动态冲击性能评价

目的研究了2种不同宽度规格的充气垫缓冲材料在不同跌落高度下的缓冲性能。方法对每种规格气垫在不同跌落高度下分别使用5个不同质量块进行了动态冲击试验,绘制了最大加速度-静应力曲线,研究了跌落高度对充气垫动态特性的影响,并比较了不同宽度规格充气垫动态缓冲应用特性。结果同一规格的充气垫随着跌落高度的增加,最大冲击加速度逐渐增大;在同一跌落高度下,较宽规格的充气垫的最大冲击加速度较小。结论在1~2 kPa载荷范围内,充气垫冲击加速度在80~170 g的范围内变化,跌落高度变化及气柱宽度规格变化的缓冲性能测试评价了充气垫缓冲材料的缓冲包装应用范围。     

The Influence of Package Size and Flute Type of Corrugated Boxes on Load Bridging in Unit Loads

Shipping pallets often are designed with the assumption that the payload carried is flexible and uniformly distributed on the pallet surface. However, packages on the pallet can act as a series of discrete loads, and the physical interactions among the packages can add stiffness to the pallet/load combination. The term ‘load bridging’ has been used to describe this phenomenon. The study reported in this paper investigated the relationships of package size, corrugated flute type and pallet stiffness to load bridging and the resulting unit‐load deflection. The experimental results indicated that an increase in box size changed the unit‐load deflection by as much as 75%. Flute type was found to impact load bridging and the resulting unit‐load deflection. Changing the corrugated box flute type from B‐flute or BC‐flute to E‐flute reduces the unit‐load deflection by as much as 40%. Also, experimental data indicates that the effect of package size and corrugated board flute type on pallet deflection is the greatest for low stiffness pallets. The results provide information that can be used to design unit loads that use material more efficiently. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigation into the load bridging effect for block class pallets as a function of package size and pallet stiffness

Pallets and corrugated boxes are ubiquitous in the global supply chain. However, the interactions that exist between the boxes and pallets are ignored during the pallet design process resulting in the over designing of pallets and the waste of raw materials. The goal of this research is to understand how pallet performance is affected by headspace, box size, and base design across multiple support conditions using block class wooden pallets. Headspace and base design had no effect on pallet deflection for the experimental weights used throughout testing. However, the effect of box size was significant on pallet deflection across multiple support conditions. The effect was greatest for lower stiffness pallets and low‐stiffness support conditions (racking across the width; RAW) with up to a 50% reduction in pallet deflection observed by switching from small to large boxes on a very low‐stiffness pallet. Evaluation of pressure mat data showed an increase in the redistribution of pressure away from the center of the pallet and toward the supports as box size increased. The redistribution of pressure toward the supports is known as load bridging and validates the observed reduction in pallet deflection as a function of box size. The results indicate that incorporating this effect of packages into current pallet design practices could result in more effective and cheaper pallet designs.     

Flexural stiffness of selected corrugated structures

Top‐to‐bottom compression strength of a corrugated fibreboard box is partly dependent on the load‐carrying ability of central panel areas of the box. The ability of these central panel areas to resist a bending force from loading may increase the stacking strength of the box. The difference in the compression strengths of boxes that have identical dimensions and were fabricated with identical components but different flute types, is primarily caused by flexural stiffness of the box panels. Top‐to‐bottom compression strength of boxes can be accurately predicted by flexural stiffness measurements and edge crush test (ECT) of the combined boards. This study was carried out to analyse the flexural stiffness, to measure bending force and bending deflection by a four‐point bending test for various corrugated fibreboards, and to provide the major constructional factors which play a role in improving the compression strength of the box. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于ANSYS的打印机全瓦楞缓冲包装设计

基于产品的基本参数与流通环境,对HP Deskjet F2188打印机进行了缓冲包装设计。设计方案为:整体包装采用全瓦楞局部缓冲包装,缓冲垫采用折叠型双瓦楞纸质缓冲垫,外包装采用0201型平盖箱,黏合方式采用胶带黏合。其后,确定打印机包装件的跌落高度为100cm,在公路运输条件下的最大加速度约为4g,脆值为60g。最后,通过理论计算和ANSYS仿真2种方法进行校核,证明该包装设计完全满足打印机的缓冲要求。     

折叠型双瓦楞纸板衬垫动态缓冲特性的试验研究

试验研究了3种折叠型双瓦楞纸板衬垫结构在跌落高度分别为30cm、60cm、90cm 3种条件下的动态缓冲特性,采用3次多项式曲线拟合法获得了峰值加速度-静应力曲线的经验公式和特征系数.这些研究工作对折叠型双瓦楞纸板衬垫在运输包装中的应用具有良好的参考价值.     

Investigation of the effect of column stacked corrugated boxes on load bridging using partial four‐way stringer class wooden pallets

Pallets are the foundation of the global packaging supply chain. They provide a way to store and transport products in an efficient manner. The load capacity of pallets greatly depends on the type of packages carried by the pallet; however, current pallet design methods do not consider the effect of packages on the load carrying capacity of the pallet. This results in excessive use of materials which reduces the sustainability of unit loads, drives costs up, and creates potential safety issues. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of corrugated box size and headspace on pallet deflection and stress distribution on the top of the pallet as a function of pallet stiffness across multiple pallet support conditions. Data analysis identified that box size had a significant effect on the deflection of the pallet. This effect was only significant for warehouse racking across the width and length support conditions. As much as a 53% reduction in pallet deflection was observed for high stiffness pallets supporting corrugated boxes with 25.4‐mm headspace when the size was increased from small to large. The redistribution of vertical compression stresses towards the supports as a function of the increasing box size was observed. The increased concentration of compression stresses on top of the supports and the resulting lower pallet deflection could significantly increase the actual load carrying capacity of some pallet designs. The effect of box headspace was significant in some scenarios but inconsistent; thus, more investigation with a larger sample size is recommended.     

Effect of initial pre‐compression of corrugated paperboard cushions on shock attenuation characteristics in repetitive impacts

The use of paper as a cushioning material is motivated by its environmental advantage over polymeric materials such as expanded polystyrene. Various studies have been conducted to investigate the capability of corrugated paperboard (CPB) to act as cushioning materials for protective packaging. The studies have normally focused on performance of cushions and effects of climatic conditions on the shock attenuation in the first drop. However, no information is available to show that CPB can be engineered to produce a cushioning element with good shock attenuation in repetitive impacts. This study investigates the deterioration of the shock attenuation characteristics of CPB cushions in consecutive impacts. A series of cushion‐test style experiments on multilayer cushion pads made entirely from CPB were conducted. Each cushion was first subjected to 20 impacts, followed by simulated warehousing in a climatic chamber, and then the additional 15 impacts. The effect of initial pre‐compression strain introduced in the process of making cushion pads is discussed and demonstrated. The performance of cushions was judged not only by the maximum acceleration of shocks. Entire recorded shock pulses and calculated corresponding shock response spectra were analysed and are presented as 3D maps in order to reveal trends that occur when a cushion is subjected to multiple drops. The paper shows that the level of pre‐compression has an important effect on the degree of deterioration of cushion performance after multiple drops. As an example, the maximum acceleration for a pad pre‐compressed to 95% strain increased by less than 20% between the 1st and the 35th drop. In contrast, for 80% pre‐compression, the increase was 300%. It was found that the selection of optimum static stress should be made in conjunction with the expected number of impacts in order to optimize the cushion performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环保型缓冲衬垫的研发及应用前景分析

在论述瓦楞纸板、蜂窝纸板、纸浆模塑、可降解泡沫塑料、发泡植物纤维、膨胀珍珠岩等缓冲材料特性基础上,分析比较了各种环保型缓冲衬垫的开发研究及应用现状.     

The effect of compression of enclosed air on the cushioning properties of corrugated fibreboard

This work showed that the shock‐absorbing properties of corrugated fibreboard are dependent on the size of the cushion even when the static loading of the impacting product on the cushion is kept a constant. At least part of this phenomenon was found to be due to the effect of the air enclosed within the flutes of fibreboard cushions. During the dynamic compression of fibreboard pads there is a build‐up of air pressure within the cushion, which improves its cushioning performance. The greater ease with which air can escape smaller fibreboard cushions, leads to differences in their shock‐absorbing behaviour compared with larger cushions. Suggestions are made on how the design of fibreboard pads can be modified to increase the build‐up of air pressure within the flutes and improve the efficiency of the cushion. For comparison, expanded polyethylene foam was also examined and its shock absorbing properties were found to be largely independent of cushion size for constant static‐loading impacts. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of Pallet Deckboard Stiffness on Corrugated Box Compression Strength

The packaging industry has long considered pallets to be rigid structures. However, in a unit load, the weight of the product produces compressive forces that are distributed across the pallet causing the top deckboards to deflect. Corrugated paperboard boxes are highly susceptible to changing support conditions; therefore, the deckboard deflection directly impacts the vertical compression strength of the box. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of pallet deckboard stiffness on the vertical compression strength and deflection of corrugated paperboard boxes. Additional treatments included gaps between the deckboards and location of the box relative to the pallet stringers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

平板玻璃运输包装设计及保护性能分析

目的采用瓦楞纸箱内衬聚氨酯泡沫衬垫设计平板玻璃运输包装,通过仿真分析检验设计的合理性与可行性。方法采用Creo parametric软件建立运输包装件模型,采用Ansys Workbench软件对模型进行仿真分析,完成静态堆码载荷仿真、模态仿真、随机振动仿真,并利用LS-DYNA与Ansys Workbench进行联合模拟跌落仿真。结果将瓦楞纸箱与木箱运输包装形式的仿真结果进行对比分析,得出相同静应力作用下,瓦楞纸箱包装的最大响应应力最小且分布均匀;随机振动过程中,虽然瓦楞纸箱相对于木箱形变量较大,但避免应力集中情况且满足变形限度要求;跌落过程中,瓦楞纸箱相对于木箱传递到平板玻璃的作用力较小,且避免了应力集中现象。结论综合分析结果,瓦楞纸箱加聚氨酯缓冲衬垫的运输包装形式设计合理,能够在运输过程中更好保护平板玻璃的安全,设计方案可行。     

基于 UG/FEA 技术的平板显示产品缓冲包装初步设计

目的设计一种组合材料的包装来满足平板显示产品的包装要求。方法此款包装设计有4个角垫,左右角垫对称,上下角垫略微差异。4个角垫均由瓦楞纸板折成的骨架、蜂窝纸板底板和与平板显示产品直接接触的EPE部件组等部分组成。运用UG与MSC FEA软件对包装件进行建模及有限元仿真试验。结果在国标规定压力下,平板显示器的最大内应力小于其极限应力。结论缓冲包装满足平板显示器的防护要求,但是安全系数偏大,有优化空间。     

大型家电全瓦楞纸板缓冲包装结构设计

全瓦楞纸板缓冲包装在小型产品上应用较多,而在大型产品上应用较少。首先测试了5种楞型瓦楞纸板的力学性能参数,制作了4种瓦楞结构并对其静态和动态缓冲性能进行了测试。在此基础上,以海尔XQB45-10B波轮洗衣机为例,基于产品的基本参数和流通环境,设计并制作了海尔洗衣机的全瓦楞纸板缓冲包装。该设计方案通过了实验室安全性测试,证明了使用瓦楞纸板代替塑料缓冲包装材料的可行性。为在大型产品上推广应用全瓦楞纸板缓冲衬垫提供了参考。     

折叠型双瓦楞纸板衬垫振动传递特性的试验研究

研究了3类折叠型双瓦楞纸板衬垫的防振性能,获得了不同静应力条件下的振动传递率曲线、峰值频率、传递率和阻尼比.试验结果表明,这3类衬垫的振动传递特性具有多模态性,有主次之分,而且静应力值对振动传递特性有明显影响.     

瓦楞纸箱尺寸的优化设计

以产品为类直方体、外包装容器为瓦楞纸箱的托盘包装系统为研究对象,提出了能同时降低包装用料成本和仓储成本的瓦楞纸箱尺寸优化设计方法。介绍了优化设计方案,分别建立了瓦楞纸箱省料模型和托盘装载优化模型,从瓦楞纸箱设计、托盘装载、仓储空间各个环节进行优化,以提高托盘表面利用率和仓储空间利用率,降低包装成本,并给出了纸箱尺寸优化流程。     

瓦楞纸箱在战储军品包装中的应用分析

目的在瓦楞纸箱技术应用现状的基础上,分析瓦楞纸箱在战储军品包装中存在的问题,提出规避和解决这些问题的建议和措施。方法通过实地调研,并在分析文献的基础上进行研究。结果结合实地调研部队仓库的实例,总结了3点目前瓦楞纸箱在军品包装中存在的问题。主要表现为军品用纸箱的选材单一、内部结构设计不合理、特殊防护功能薄弱等。结论结合目前瓦楞纸箱的应用现状,指出军用瓦楞纸箱技术相对落后,未及时跟随市场发展,需引入工艺先进的新型瓦楞纸箱。通过加强相关标准体系建设,推进军民融合发展,在军品包装中积极引进特殊功能纸箱,并采取从顶层设计加强军队仓库的标准化建设等措施,以提高战储军品的防护性能。