SCR烟气脱硝系统运行控制策略

燃煤生产过程中产生的硝是近年来越来越严重的环境污染问题之一,对燃煤生产过程中的硝的排放进行控制是当前环境保护研究过程中的重要课题,在燃煤电厂的生产过程中加强SCR烟气脱硝技术的研究,对于环境保护具有十分重要的意义,也有助燃煤电力生产行业的可持续发展。本文对SCR烟气脱硝技术的相关问题进行分析和探讨。     

SCR烟气脱硝系统运行控制策略

燃煤生产过程中产生的硝是近年来越来越严重的环境污染问题之一,对燃煤生产过程中的硝的排放进行控制是当前环境保护研究过程中的重要课题,在燃煤电厂的生产过程中加强SCR烟气脱硝技术的研究,对于环境保护具有十分重要的意义,也有助燃煤电力生产行业的可持续发展。本文对SCR烟气脱硝技术的相关问题进行分析和探讨。     

SCR烟气脱硝系统鲁棒抗干扰控制研究

选择性催化还原(Selective Catalytic Reduction,SCR)技术是目前火电厂广泛采用的烟气脱硝方法,SCR脱硝系统反应过程复杂,具有大惯性、大迟延、强扰动和不确定性等特点,传统的PID控制无法实现喷氨量的精确控制。因此提出了一种SCR脱硝系统的鲁棒抗扰动控制方法,在设计鲁棒PID控制器的基础上,利用鲁棒时滞滤波器来达到抑制系统强干扰的目的。仿真实验表明,鲁棒时滞滤波器的加入改善了系统的动态性能,同时使得系统具有突出的抗干扰能力。该方法结构简单、整定方便、鲁棒性好,值得在工程应用中推广。     

复杂工况下选择性催化还原脱硝系统的迁移强化学习控制

针对复杂工况下选择性催化还原(SCR)系统难以实现精确脱硝控制的问题,本文提出一种基于迁移强化学习的智能控制方法.首先根据机组负荷的变化将整体运行过程划分为不同阶段.然后训练了强化学习控制器以分别学习各个阶段的不同特征,从而实现了变工况下SCR脱硝系统的精确控制.此外,借鉴了迁移学习的思路以应对预料之外的未知工况,避免了因工况未知所造成的不利影响.最后将训练好的控制器用于实际SCR脱硝系统的控制中,实验结果表明所提方法可以有效地控制复杂工况下燃煤机组NOx的排放量,为复杂工况下SCR脱硝系统的智能控制提供了借鉴.     

SCR烟气脱硝装置及自动控制系统的设计及应用

结合济宁运河电厂二期2台330MW机组SCR脱硝工艺改造,介绍SCR工艺的原理、流程、技术特点,设计其自动控制系统。     

烟气脱硝工程的热态调试分析

阐述了选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝技术的原理和系统组成,并以滇东雨汪能源有限公司滇东第二发电厂2×600mW机组2号烟气脱硝系统为例,阐述了SCR烟气脱硝工程的热态调试过程,分析了调试过程中值得注意的问题,以便为类似的脱硝工程调试提供参考。     

烟气脱硝冷模中Ⅱ型和塔式烟道对比研究

以1000MW机组20:1FMT为例,应用相似模化原理,确立了FMT各参数和实际脱硝反应器各参数的对应关系,然后分析对比了冷模装置中塔式和П型布置的烟道,并给出了各自的技术改进方法。在建设完成可用于实验的冷态模型后,在两个冷态模型上分别进行了第一层模拟催化剂上表面混合气体速度分布测量、示踪气体浓度分布测量和冷态模型压力损失实验,最后进行了数据处理及分析,实验结果的速度分布、浓度分布和压力损失均达到目前的工艺要求,且П型烟道优于塔式烟道。     

基于PSO优化的潜艇深度非线性PID控制

根据潜艇操纵控制过程非线性、慢时变的特点,在潜艇深度垂直面运动方程的基础上设计了一种基于粒子群算法的潜艇深度非线性PID控制器,针对非线性PID控制设计参数较多的问题,将参数设计问题转化为一种优化设计问题,借助粒子群优化算法,以某型潜艇深度控制系统为研究对象,对系统中的非线性PID控制参数进行了优化.仿真结果表明,该控制器不仅能较好地实现深度保持,相对于传统PID控制具有更好的稳态精度,对舵机的损耗也比传统PID控制小.     

Estimation and adaptive nonlinear model predictive control of selective catalytic reduction systems in automotive applications

The demands of high NO_x conversion efficiency and low tailpipe ammonia slip for urea-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems have been substantially increased in the past decade, as NO_x emission legislations for Diesel engines are becoming more stringent than ever before. Since catalyst aging has a significant impact on SCR performance, robust and adaptive SCR control has been preferred for degraded SCR systems to realize emission control objectives. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, a robust ammonia coverage ratio observer was designed for estimating the ammonia coverage ratio reference for catalysts with different aging levels. An ammonia storage capacity observer was developed for estimating the actual ammonia storage capacity which can be reduced due to catalyst aging. An adaptive ammonia coverage ratio reference design was then developed to estimate the desired ammonia coverage ratio ranges at each instantaneous engine operating point for both single-cell and two-cell SCR systems at different aging levels based on a singular perturbation method. Secondly, to ensure the estimated ammonia coverage ratio falls in the desired ranges for most of engine operating conditions, robust nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithms were designed for both single-cell and two-cell SCR systems. Experimental data over US06 cycle were collected from a Diesel engine and aftertreatment system platform for controller verification. Simulation results under US06 test cycle demonstrate that the proposed NMPC algorithms were capable of consistently achieving high NO_x conversion efficiency (>95.6%) and constrained tailpipe ammonia slip (<10 ppm on average and <12 ppm on the peak) for both fresh catalyst and aged catalyst with 30% loss of ammonia storage capacity.     

解决作业车间调度的微粒群退火算法*

针对微粒群优化算法在求解作业车间调度问题时存在的易早熟、搜索准确度差等缺点,在微粒群优化算法的基础上引入了模拟退火算法,从而使得算法同时具有全局搜索和跳出局部最优的能力,并且增加了对不可行解的优化,从而提高了算法的搜索效率;同时,在模拟退火算法中引入自适应温度衰变系数,使得SA算法能根据当前环境自动调整搜索条件,从而避免了微粒群优化算法易早熟的缺点。对经典JSP问题的仿真实验表明,与其他算法相比,该算法是一种切实可行、有效的方法。     

一种基于在线辨识的Web 服务自适应接纳控制

设计并实现了一种基于量子行为粒子群算法(QPSO)系统模型在线辨识的Web服务自适应接纳控制,根据系统模型的变化在线调节比例积分控制器参数.通过接纳时间比反馈控制机制,调整控制周期内服务器接纳请求的时间长度,进而实现接纳控制.通过仿真实验,并与多种不同控制方法进行比较,所得结果表明,在线辨识自适应控制能够在服务器过载的情况下更有效地控制系统资源,进一步提高了服务质量.     

一种新型喷氨嘴布置优化设计方法

我国SCR脱硝技术仅有25年应用历史,在对原有火电机组进行SCR脱硝工程改造时,存在因空间受限导致的还原剂混合距离过短,有时没有空间安装用于保证催化剂入口氨浓度分布一致性的混合格栅,导致氨逃逸浓度和脱硝效率难以达到设计指标.针对这些问题,提出了一种适用于空间受限烟气脱硝装置的新型喷氨嘴布置优化设计方法.具体地,采用计算...     

Coordinating optimization-based sliding mode variable structure control for electro-hydraulic servo system

A sliding mode variable structure control (SMVSC) based on a coordinating optimization algorithm has been developed. Steady state error and control switching frequency are used to constitute the system performance indexes in the coordinating optimization, while the tuning rate of boundary layer width (BLW) is employed as the optimization parameter. Based on the mathematical relationship between the BLW and steady-state error, an optimized BLW tuning rate is added to the nonlinear control term of SMVSC. Simulation experiment results applied to the positioning control of an electro-hydraulic servo system show the comprehensive superiority in dynamical and static state performance by using the proposed controller is better than that by using SMVSC without optimized BLW tuning rate. This succeeds in coordinately considering both chattering reduction and high-precision control realization in SMVSC.     

Coordinating optimization-based sliding mode variable structure control for electro-hydraulic servo system

A sliding mode variable structure control （SMVSC） based on a coordinating optimization algorithm has been developed. Steady state error and control switching frequency are used to constitute the system performance indexes in the coordinating optimization, while the tuning rate of boundary layer width （BLW） is employed as the optimization parameter. Based on the mathematical relationship between the BLW and steady-state error, an optimized BLW tuning rate is added to the nonlinear control term of SMVSC. Simulation experiment results applied to the positioning control of an electro-hydraulic servo system show the comprehensive superiority in dynamical and static state performance by using the proposed controller is better than that by using SMVSC without optimized BLW tuning rate. This succeeds in coordinately considering both chattering reduction and high-precision control realization in SMVSC.     

基于粒子群算法–反向传播神经网络自适应的氧调器控制系统

氧气面罩中的核心部件是氧气调节器(氧调器).针对当前氧气调节器的大流量、低吸气阻力、快速响应的性能需求,本文在分析了电子氧气调节器工作原理的基础上,介绍了氧气调节器的数学模型,采用了反向传播(BP)神经网络自适应控制算法,并使用粒子群算法(PSO)对BP神经网络自适应控制算法的初值进行筛选.最后,对算法的性能进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,系统具有鲁棒性,且与传统的比例–积分–微分(PID)控制方法和自抗扰控制(ADRC)方法相比, PSO–BP神经网络自适应控制方法实现了更精确的吸气阻力调节、更快的响应速度.此外,当呼吸频率变化或者外界干扰变化时,相比于常规PID算法和ADRC算法则需要人工调整控制参数, PSO–BP神经网络自适应算法则可以自动在线学习训练并调整控制参数,应用前景广阔.