破乳-絮凝法处理机械加工清洗废水工艺研究

为解决含油废水中的油类物质难以降解,严重危害人类的生产、生活与生态环境的问题,文章以机械加工行业产生的含油乳化废水为主要研究对象,以破乳-絮凝处理技术为基础,通过研究破乳剂种类、投加量、反应pH、反应时间等对含油废水除油率和CODCr去除率的影响,优化破乳剂处理效果及处理工艺,筛选不同种类的絮凝剂对含油废水进行处理。研究结果表明：选用盐酸-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵复合破乳、投加量200 mg/L、反应pH=6～7、反应时间40 min的条件下除油率达94%以上,CODCr去除率为97%;对絮凝剂进行筛选,聚合氯化铝与聚合氯化铝铁1∶1复合时,COD去除率可以达到98%。     

阳离子角蛋白与聚硫酸铝配合物絮凝剂的制备及其应用

制得了新型无机一有机配合物絮凝剂,并运用其对皮革染色加脂废水进行絮凝预处理,优化皮革综合废水出水水质。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT—IR）对絮凝剂进行结构表征,再对其进行热重（TG）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）测试分析,并分别探讨了不同絮凝剂加入量、pH、絮凝时间、温度对染色加脂废水絮凝效果的影响。试验表明：新合成的絮凝剂在絮疑剂加入2．20g/L、pH=4．0、絮凝时间2．0h、温度25～35℃条件下对COD、悬浮物、色度、总固含量的去除率分别为87．07％、96．56％、99．30％、98．06％,此絮凝剂对皮革染色加脂废水有良好的处理效果。     

聚硅酸镁在印染废水处理中的应用

以聚硅酸镁为絮凝剂,粉煤灰为助凝剂处理印染废水.研究了该复合絮凝体系处理废水的最佳工艺条件,如聚硅酸镁投加量、Mg/Si摩尔比、粉煤灰加入量、沉降时间、废水酸度.处理结果表明,该复合絮凝体系在碱性条件下处理效果较好,Mg/Si摩尔比为1.36时,对废水的CODCr去除率达53%,色度去除率达94%以上,优于聚合氯化铝处理效果.     

壳聚糖絮凝分离豆腐废水蛋白的研究

研究了采用生物絮凝法处理豆腐废水的可行性。探讨了絮凝剂的种类、添加量、废水的前处理、絮凝时间及pH对絮凝效果的影响,并重点比较了复合絮凝剂对废水中蛋白质和低聚糖的絮凝作用。单一絮凝剂试验结果显示壳聚糖的絮凝效果明显优于聚合硫酸铁、聚合三氯化铝、海藻酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺。较优的添加量为0.6~0.8 mg/mL,添加量过高浊度会不降反升。絮凝前废水-18℃冷冻处理有利于蛋白质的分离,絮凝后的沉降是必要的,时间以12 h为宜。复合絮凝剂中所有组合都表现出明显的协同增效作用,尤以0.5mg/mL壳聚糖+0.3mg/mL海藻酸钠效果最佳,pH 4.5条件下絮凝后浊度降低97.8%,原液中蛋白脱除率高达76.842%,而低聚糖(减少6.56%)几乎不受影响,是较为理想的豆腐废水絮凝剂组合。     

淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺用于造纸废水处理

本文采用实验室研制的颗粒淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚产物作絮凝剂对废纸脱墨废水进行处理，获得良好的效果。通过实验探讨了淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺的加入量、废水的PH及絮凝时间对絮凝效果的影响，确定了淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰处理废纸脱墨废水的最佳条件。     

DCD-HCHO絮凝剂与无机盐复配的脱色性能

以无机絮凝剂（铝盐、铁盐）与自制的双氰胺-甲醛聚合物配合，作为模拟染料废水的絮凝剂，考察了pH值及絮凝剂投加量对絮凝效果的影响。对于染料废水，单独使用无机絮凝剂时，脱色率很低，仅20％左右，加入少量有机絮凝剂，即可大大提高染料脱色率，达到100％。废水的pH值对絮凝效果也有影响，调节合适的pH值可使不同染料废水得到更好的絮凝效果。     

阳离子淀粉改性絮凝剂的制备及其对油脂废水的絮凝效果

研究了阳离子淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应制备阳离子型絮凝剂的工艺,并以油脂废水为实验对象对絮凝剂的絮凝性能进行了考察。其最佳制备条件：丙烯酰胺与阳离子淀粉的质量比为3：1,高锰酸钾引发剂加入量为丙烯酰胺质量的0．15％,pH2～3,反应温度50qC,反应时间3h。絮凝效果实验中,接枝共聚物絮凝剂的最佳加入量为8mg／L,COD去除率达到45％以上。     

磷酸酯淀粉/聚胺复合物在脱墨废水处理中的絮凝性能

本文讨论了新研制的磷酸酯淀粉/聚胺复合物絮凝剂对脱墨废水的作用效果.主要探讨了磷酸酯淀粉/聚胺复合物的加入量、废水的pH值和絮凝时间对絮凝效果的影响.同时考察了磷酸酯淀粉/聚胺复合物对脱墨废水所含的悬浮物(SS)、CODcr、浊度的去除性能,并与其它几种絮凝剂作了比较.实验结果表明:磷酸酯淀粉/聚胺复合物对脱墨废水具有良好的处理效果.     

磷酸酯淀粉絮凝剂在废水处理中的应用

用本实验室研制的磷酸酯淀粉作絮凝剂,对废纸脱黑废水和精细化工厂的工业废水进行处理,收到了明显的效果。本文通过实验探讨了磷酸酯淀粉的,加入量、废水的ｐＨ值及絮凝时间对絮凝效果的影响,确定了磷酸酯淀粉处理黑液和精细化工厂工业废水的最佳条件。     

PAFC与PAM复合絮凝剂处理泡菜废水

采用絮凝法对泡菜废水进行了絮凝烧杯试验,讨论了絮凝剂的选择、PAFC与PAM的不同用量、pH值以及温度对絮凝效果的影响,确定了絮凝剂处理废水的较佳絮凝条件。研究结果表明,PAFC用量90 mg/L,PAM用量60 mg/L,pH值为7,温度为35℃,在此条件下,泡菜废水处理率为:COD、NH3-N、TP去除率分别为83.9%、47%、92.5%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the