"Recent advances in the treatment of anxiety disorders": Correction to Antony (2011).

Reports an error in "Recent advances in the treatment of anxiety disorders" by Martin M. Antony (Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 2011[Feb], Vol 52[1], 1-9). The heading for the article was incorrectly printed. The corrected heading is provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-04299-001.) Over the past several decades, evidence-based treatments have emerged for each major anxiety disorder. These include primarily behavioural, cognitive, and pharmacological approaches. In addition, researchers continue to develop new ways of treating anxiety disorders and to improve on existing treatments. This article discusses several new and emerging treatments for anxiety disorders, including attentional training, virtual reality-based treatments, mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies, enhancement of exposure using d-cycloserine, and the application of motivational interviewing strategies in anxiety disorders. For each of these treatments, the current status and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Progrès récents dans le traitement des troubles anxieux.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 52(3) of Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne (see record 2011-18506-009). In the CPA President’s Address article that appeared in the February issue of Canadian Psychology, “Recent advances in the treatment of anxiety disorders” by Martin M. Antony (Canadian Psychology, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 10–19), the heading for the article incorrectly printed as “Honourary President’s Address—2010.” It should have read “President’s Address—2010.” The publisher apologizes for this unfortunate production error. The online version has been corrected.] Over the past several decades, evidence-based treatments have emerged for each major anxiety disorder. These include primarily behavioural, cognitive, and pharmacological approaches. In addition, researchers continue to develop new ways of treating anxiety disorders and to improve on existing treatments. This article discusses several new and emerging treatments for anxiety disorders, including attentional training, virtual reality-based treatments, mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies, enhancement of exposure using d-cycloserine, and the application of motivational interviewing strategies in anxiety disorders. For each of these treatments, the current status and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction à l'article de M. Antony (2011).

Reports an error in "Progrès récents dans le traitement des troubles anxieux" by Martin M. Antony (Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 2011[Feb], Vol 52[1], 10-19). In the CPA President’s Address article that appeared in the February issue of Canadian Psychology, “Recent advances in the treatment of anxiety disorders” by Martin M. Antony (Canadian Psychology, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 10–19), the heading for the article incorrectly printed as “Honourary President’s Address—2010.” It should have read “President’s Address—2010.” The publisher apologizes for this unfortunate production error. The online version has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-04299-014.) Over the past several decades, evidence-based treatments have emerged for each major anxiety disorder. These include primarily behavioural, cognitive, and pharmacological approaches. In addition, researchers continue to develop new ways of treating anxiety disorders and to improve on existing treatments. This article discusses several new and emerging treatments for anxiety disorders, including attentional training, virtual reality-based treatments, mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies, enhancement of exposure using d-cycloserine, and the application of motivational interviewing strategies in anxiety disorders. For each of these treatments, the current status and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predicting student attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 4(3) of Journal of Diversity in Higher Education (see record 2011-16523-001). There are two errors in Table 2 under the RWA heading and the Cog-gender heading. The necessary changes are provided in the erratum.] [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Journal of Diversity in Higher Education on August 1 2011 (see record 2011-16523-001). There are two errors in Table 2. Under the RWA heading, the SDO row should have indicated a positive correlation of .266**, not -.266**. Under the Cog-gender heading, the SDO row should have indicated a negative correlation of -.438**, not .438**.] Factors related to attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity were examined in an ethnically diverse sample of 432 college students (167 European Americans, 83 African Americans, 81 Asian Americans, and 82 Hispanic Americans). In addition to variables of self-interest (i.e., ethnicity, gender, and political views), social ideology (i.e., social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism) and personality traits (openness to experience) were uniquely predictive of attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity. Hierarchical regressions revealed that social dominance orientation most strongly predicted racial attitudes, while right-wing authoritarianism most strongly predicted gender attitudes. Implications for diversity education efforts related to prejudice reduction are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Visual analysis of multiple baseline across participants graphs when change is delayed.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 26(3) of School Psychology Quarterly (see record 2011-20417-001). There were several errors in the text. The corrected text is provided in the erratum] A within-subjects group experimental design was used to test whether three manipulated characteristics of multiple baseline across participants (MBL-P) data showing at least a month delayed change in slope affected experts’ inference of a functional relation and agreement on this judgment. Thirty-six experts completed a survey composed of 16 MBL-P graphs. Graphs with steep slopes, once change began, were far more likely to be judged as showing a functional relation. Generally, experts disagreed with each other regarding functional relation judgments. Implications for the types of dependent variables that fit the requirements of MBL-P are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Specificity of treatment effects: Cognitive therapy and relaxation for generalized anxiety and panic disorders.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 76(5) of Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (see record 2008-13625-021). In the article, "Specificity of Treatment Effects: Cognitive Therapy and Relaxation for Generalized Anxiety and Panic Disorders," by Jedidiah Siev and Dianne L. Chambless (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2007, Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 513-522), the individual measures were not listed in the domains labeled "Panic" and "Cognitive" for the ?st and Westling (1995) citation in Table 3. The corrected table is included, with the added text appearing in bold font.] The aim of this study was to address claims that among bona fide treatments no one is more efficacious than another by comparing the relative efficacy of cognitive therapy (CT) and relaxation therapy (RT) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder without agoraphobia (PD). Two fixed-effects meta-analyses were conducted, for GAD and PD separately, to review the treatment outcome literature directly comparing CT with RT in the treatment of those disorders. For GAD, CT and RT were equivalent. For PD, CT, which included interoceptive exposure, outperformed RT on all panic-related measures, as well as on indices of clinically significant change. There is ample evidence that both CT and RT qualify as bona fide treatments for GAD and PD, for which they are efficacious and intended to be so. Therefore, the finding that CT and RT do not differ in the treatment of GAD, but do for PD, is evidence for the specificity of treatment to disorder, even for 2 treatments within a CBT class, and 2 disorders within an anxiety class. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emotional conflict and neuroticism: Personality-dependent activation in the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 121(6) of Behavioral Neuroscience (see record 2007-18058-033). There was an error in the text of Figure 1 on p. 250. Above the image of the third person, "×?6repetitions" should have appeared as "× 6 repetitions." The corrected figure is provided in the erratum.] The amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate (AC) have been associated with anxiety and mood disorders, for which trait neuroticism is a risk factor. Prior work has not related individual differences in amygdala or subgenual AC activation with neuroticism. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate changes in blood oxygen level-dependent signal within the amygdala and subgenual AC associated with trait neuroticism in a nonclinical sample of 36 volunteers during an emotional conflict task. Neuroticism correlated positively with amygdala and subgenual AC activation during trials of high emotional conflict, compared with trials of low emotional conflict. The subscale of neuroticism that reflected the anxious form of neuroticism (N1) explained a greater proportion of variance within the observed clusters than the subscale of neuroticism that reflected the depressive form of neuroticism (N3). Using a task that is sensitive to individual differences in the detection of emotional conflict, the authors have provided a neural correlate of the link between neuroticism and anxiety and mood disorders. This effect was driven to a greater extent by the anxious relative to the depressive characteristics of neuroticism and may constitute vulnerability markers for anxiety-related disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality and risk for Alzheimer's disease in adults 72 years of age and older: A 6-year follow-up.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 26(2) of Psychology and Aging (see record 2011-05802-001). This article contains an error in the Discussion, under the Implications, Caveats, Future Directions heading. The third paragraph includes the sentences that should have been removed. The corrected paragraph appears in the correction.] We conducted secondary analyses to determine the relationship between longstanding personality traits and risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) among 767 participants 72 years of age or older who were followed for more than 6 years. Personality was assessed with the NEO-FFI. We hypothesized that elevated Neuroticism, lower Openness, and lower Conscientiousness would be independently associated with risk of AD. Hypotheses were supported. The finding that AD risk is associated with elevated Neuroticism and lower Conscientiousness can be added to the accumulating literature documenting the pathogenic effects of these two traits. The link between lower Openness and AD risk is consistent with recent findings on cognitive activity and AD risk. Findings have implications for prevention research and for the conceptualization of the etiology of AD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Affect bursts: Dynamic patterns of facial expression.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 11(4) of Emotion (see record 2011-18271-001). There were several errors in Table 1, and in Table 4 spaces were omitted from the rows between data for anger, fear, sadness, joy, and relief. All versions of this article have been corrected, and the corrections to Table 1 are provided in the erratum.] Affect bursts consist of spontaneous and short emotional expressions in which facial, vocal, and gestural components are highly synchronized. Although the vocal characteristics have been examined in several recent studies, the facial modality remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the facial correlates of affect bursts that expressed five different emotions: anger, fear, sadness, joy, and relief. Detailed analysis of 59 facial actions with the Facial Action Coding System revealed a reasonable degree of emotion differentiation for individual action units (AUs). However, less convergence was shown for specific AU combinations for a limited number of prototypes. Moreover, expression of facial actions peaked in a cumulative-sequential fashion with significant differences in their sequential appearance between emotions. When testing for the classification of facial expressions within a dimensional approach, facial actions differed significantly as a function of the valence and arousal level of the five emotions, thereby allowing further distinction between joy and relief. The findings cast doubt on the existence of fixed patterns of facial responses for each emotion, resulting in unique facial prototypes. Rather, the results suggest that each emotion can be portrayed by several different expressions that share multiple facial actions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anxiogenic-like effect of chronic corticosterone in the light-dark emergence task in mice.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 120(6) of Behavioral Neuroscience (see record 2006-22387-011). In the article "Anxiogenic-Like Effect of Chronic Corticosterone in the Light-Dark Emergence Task in Mice," by Paul Ardayfio and Kwang-Soo Kim (Behaviorial Neuroscience, 2006, Vol. 120, No. 2, pp. 249-256), the measurement unit of the corticosterone concentration on p. 250 (under the Drugs heading) was incorrect. The correct unit is μg/ml. The corrected sentence follows: "Corticosterone (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was dissolved in ethanol, diluted, and administered via the drinking water at a final concentration of 0 or 35 μg/ml in 0.3% ethanol."] Chronic hypercortisolemia is a hallmark of neuroendocrine and psychiatric disorders, such as Cushing's disease and depression. Whether cortisol directly contributes to the altered mood and anxiety symptoms seen in these diseases remains unclear. To address this, the authors have modeled hypercortisolemia by administering corticosterone in the drinking water of female Swiss Webster mice for 17 or 18 days (13 mg/kg). Light-dark emergence, startle habituation, and startle reactivity were measured. Chronic but not acute treatment with corticosterone increased the latency to emerge into the light compartment, an anxiogenic-like effect. Chronic corticosterone treatment did not affect startle habituation, but did reduce startle reactivity. This study suggests that chronic hypercortisolemia may contribute to anxiety-related behavior in patients with Cushing's disease and depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Medial frontal activity in brand-loyal consumers: A behavior and near-infrared ray study.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 4(1) of Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics (see record 2011-01447-001). Figures 8 and 9 were printed with errors. Corrected versions of these figures are presented in the erratum.] [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics (see record 2011-01447-001). Figures 8 and 9 were printed with errors.] Researchers have recently begun to explore the physiological factors influencing consumer preferences for product brands. The medial frontal cortex (MFC) is critically involved in both emotion processing and prepurchase product assessment. However, analyses of MFC activation with near-infrared ray (NIR) imaging are rarely compared between brand-loyal customers and switchers (brand nonloyals) to investigate the long-term effects of luxury products. Subjects, classified as loyals or switchers, performed a 2-session task: (a) evaluate their product preferences while undergoing NIR imaging, and (b) rate products on several dimensions (e.g., willingness to purchase). Variables examined were brand and attractiveness. Results for preference rating and reaction time indicate that loyals are more sensitive than switchers in differentiating between luxury and generic and between attractive and unattractive products. Additionally, MFC activation reflects product attractiveness. The interaction between brand and attractiveness dominated the preferences of most subjects. The link between MFC activation and the preference for products seems not only related to luxury brands but also rooted in product attractiveness. Consequently, this preliminary investigation presents a novel approach for branding research based on measuring brain responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Adolf-Würth-Center for the History of Psychology at the University of Würzburg: Its history, present, and future.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 14(1) of History of Psychology (see record 2011-03824-004). The captions for the images included in the article inadvertently omitted. The images with their captions are presented in the erratum.] The Adolf-Würth-Center for the History of Psychology at the University of Würzburg is the successor of the former Institute for the History of Modern Psychology in Passau, founded in the early 1980s by Professor Werner Traxel. In 2009, the Institute moved to Würzburg and was reopened there. With an exemplary sponsorship by Prof. Dr. H.C. Mult. Reinhold Würth and the Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG it was possible to realize good spatial conditions for the archive, offering new perspectives for research in the field of history of psychology. This article describes the development of the Adolf-Würth-Center for the History of Psychology and its predecessor, the historical collections, and the service offered by the Adolf-Würth-Center as well as its tasks and goals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pediatric Psychopharmacology for Prepubertal Internalizing Disorders.

Evidence-based studies of drug, psychosocial and combined treatments for prepubertal internalizing disorders (depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD], and non-OCD anxiety) were reviewed. No age effects were found. Although no combined studies met evidence-based criteria, efficacious and possibly efficacious psychosocial and pharmacological treatments were identified, along with safety concerns for drug treatments. Evidentiary support favored psychosocial treatment for non-OCD anxiety disorders and pharmacological treatments for OCD, with mixed results for depression. Cost-benefit considerations suggest psychosocial treatments should be considered the first choice for at least anxiety and depression, except in unusual cases where stabilization may require pharmacological intervention first. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intuitive and deliberate judgments are based on common principles.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 118(3) of Psychological Review (see record 2011-07436-001). An incorrect reference was given in the reference list. The incorrect reference and the correct reference are provided in the erratum.] [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported online in Psychological Review on April 11 2011 (see record 2011-07436-001). An incorrect reference was given in the reference list. The incorrect reference is: Osman, B. (2004). Quality assessment, verification, and validation of modeling and simulation applications. Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference, 122–129. The correct reference is: Osman, M. (2004). An evaluation of dual process theories of reasoning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 998–1010.] A popular distinction in cognitive and social psychology has been between intuitive and deliberate judgments. This juxtaposition has aligned in dual-process theories of reasoning associative, unconscious, effortless, heuristic, and suboptimal processes (assumed to foster intuitive judgments) versus rule-based, conscious, effortful, analytic, and rational processes (assumed to characterize deliberate judgments). In contrast, we provide convergent arguments and evidence for a unified theoretical approach to both intuitive and deliberative judgments. Both are rule-based, and in fact, the very same rules can underlie both intuitive and deliberate judgments. The important open question is that of rule selection, and we propose a 2-step process in which the task itself and the individual's memory constrain the set of applicable rules, whereas the individual's processing potential and the (perceived) ecological rationality of the rule for the task guide the final selection from that set. Deliberate judgments are not generally more accurate than intuitive judgments; in both cases, accuracy depends on the match between rule and environment: the rules' ecological rationality. Heuristics that are less effortful and in which parts of the information are ignored can be more accurate than cognitive strategies that have more information and computation. The proposed framework adumbrates a unified approach that specifies the critical dimensions on which judgmental situations may vary and the environmental conditions under which rules can be expected to be successful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

“Predicting student attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity”: Correction to Cokley et al. (2010).

Reports an error in "Predicting student attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity" by Kevin O. Cokley, Kimberly Tran, Brittany Hall-Clark, Collette Chapman, Luana Bessa, Angela Finley and Michael Martinez (Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 2010[Sep], Vol 3[3], 187-199). There are two errors in Table 2 under the RWA heading and the Cog-gender heading. The necessary changes are provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2010-18201-006.) Factors related to attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity were examined in an ethnically diverse sample of 432 college students (167 European Americans, 83 African Americans, 81 Asian Americans, and 82 Hispanic Americans). In addition to variables of self-interest (i.e., ethnicity, gender, and political views), social ideology (i.e., social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism) and personality traits (openness to experience) were uniquely predictive of attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity. Hierarchical regressions revealed that social dominance orientation most strongly predicted racial attitudes, while right-wing authoritarianism most strongly predicted gender attitudes. Implications for diversity education efforts related to prejudice reduction are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measuring university students' self-efficacy to use drinking self-control strategies.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 25(2) of Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (see record 2011-11646-004). There is an error in Table 3. Item 8 in the table should have read: “Start off with at least 1 nonalcoholic drink before you start drinking alcohol.”] Using a Web-based, self-administered questionnaire, we assessed 498 university-student drinkers' self-efficacy to use 31 different behavioral strategies to reduce excessive drinking in each of three different locations (bar, party, own dorm/apartment). Averaging all 31 items within each drinking situation to create a single scale score revealed high internal consistency reliabilities and moderate inter-item correlations. Testing the association of self-efficacy with drinking location, sex, and frequency of recent binge drinking, we found that respondents reported higher self-efficacy to use these strategies when drinking in their own dorm/apartment than when drinking in bars and at parties; women reported higher mean self-efficacy than men; and drinkers who engaged in 3-or-more binges in the previous 2 weeks reported lower self-efficacy than those who reported either 0 or 1-or-2 binges in the same time period. This questionnaire could be used to identify self-efficacy deficits among clients with drinking problems and as an outcome measure to assess the degree to which interventions influence reported confidence to use specific drinking-reduction strategies in high-risk drinking situations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Affect bursts: Dynamic patterns of facial expressions": Correction to Krumhuber and Scherer (2011).

Reports an error in "Affect bursts: Dynamic patterns of facial expression" by Eva G. Krumhuber and Klaus R. Scherer (Emotion, 2011, np). There were several errors in Table 1, and in Table 4 spaces were omitted from the rows between data for anger, fear, sadness, joy, and relief. All versions of this article have been corrected, and the corrections to Table 1 are provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-12872-001.) Affect bursts consist of spontaneous and short emotional expressions in which facial, vocal, and gestural components are highly synchronized. Although the vocal characteristics have been examined in several recent studies, the facial modality remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the facial correlates of affect bursts that expressed five different emotions: anger, fear, sadness, joy, and relief. Detailed analysis of 59 facial actions with the Facial Action Coding System revealed a reasonable degree of emotion differentiation for individual action units (AUs). However, less convergence was shown for specific AU combinations for a limited number of prototypes. Moreover, expression of facial actions peaked in a cumulative-sequential fashion with significant differences in their sequential appearance between emotions. When testing for the classification of facial expressions within a dimensional approach, facial actions differed significantly as a function of the valence and arousal level of the five emotions, thereby allowing further distinction between joy and relief. The findings cast doubt on the existence of fixed patterns of facial responses for each emotion, resulting in unique facial prototypes. Rather, the results suggest that each emotion can be portrayed by several different expressions that share multiple facial actions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Symmetric and Asymmetric Matching of Joint Presentations.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 115(3) of Psychological Review (see record 2008-09896-012). The correct results are included in the erratum.] The global psychophysical theory of summation and magnitude production of R. D. Luce (2002) had joint presentations of pairs of intensities (measured above threshold) being matched asymmetrically, with 1 component being 0 intensity and the other the matching intensity. For loudness, an intensity pair to the 2 ears is matched by an intensity in just 1 ear. Realizing this experimentally has been difficult, and so, this article extends the theory to the use of symmetric matches with the same intensity being used in both components. In addition, the representational aspect is much improved; a new formulation of the results of the earlier theory is presented; the theory for symmetric matches is outlined; and it is shown that if 1 form of segregation, right or left, holds for asymmetric matches and 1 for symmetric ones, then all forms of segregation hold. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perceived past, present, and future control and adjustment to stressful life events.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 100(4) of Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (see record 2011-05716-005). There is an error on page 758. In the sentence “Present control predicted later event-specific distress in Sample 1( β = .17, p