Review of Psychothérapie cognitive de la dépression, 3e édition.

Reviews the book, Psychothérapie cognitive de la dépression, 3e édition (Cognitive psychotherapy for depression, 3rd edition) by Ivy Marie Blackburn and Jean Cottraux (2008). This third edition of the first French-language book about cognitive psychotherapy for depression permits to immerse the work of professor Beck. This classical work aims to be an excellent introduction, for both mental health professionals who want to extend their horizons and beginner students in psychology and psychiatry who want to be trained in cognitive psychotherapy for depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Revue de Neuropsychologie du développement.

Reviews the book, Neuropsychologie de développement (2000). Claude Braun showed courage by writing his Neuropsychology book of the development. It is not frequent that somebody undertakes a task of this width. This work, is very understanding, puts at the range French-speaking people at last knowledge in neuropsychology of the development. Its 26 chapters treat normal and pathological development nervous system, of an exhaustive number of syndromes and their characteristics on the neurological, psychological, diagnostic level and of intervention for then finishing by discussing in a rather thorough way the neuropsychological evaluation of typical cases in a pediatric practice (e.g.: epilepsy, small evil, disease of Gilles of Tourette, etc). Moreover, the topics are treated according to various stages' of the life with the changes which the age causes in the development of the nervous system of the infant, the child of school age, and the teenager. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Le mécanisme de la vision des couleurs.

Reviews "Le mecanisme de la vision des couleurs," by J. Segal (see record 1954-02115-000). Visual specialists for the most part still subscribe to the classical trichromatic conception with regard to the color mechanism, even though recent evidence concerning the nature of the retina and the involved neural functions seemingly has failed to narrow the gap that long has existed between fact and theory in vision. After many years of intensive study and experimentation, Segal presents in this work his own constructive formulation, along with the arguments that are associated with its development. Although the new theory is cast in the familiar trichromatic mold, he breaks sharply from conventional thinking in regard to the details of visual physiology. Divesting himself of prevailing conventions, he envisages the mechanism underlying color in terms of essentially new relationships. The logical reasoning on which the new prospect of the mechanics of color is based is worked out in considerable detail and in relation to much of the relevant knowledge that steadily has been accumulating. In a thoroughly scholarly manner, Segal has presented what amounts to a simplification of the physiological mechanics of color vision. Whether the new prospect is confirmed in its entirety, or in part only, he has made a contribution to the psychophysiology of color that is bound to serve as the basis for further critical studies designed to come more closely to grips with the true nature of the color mechanism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of L’étalonnage et la décision psychométrique: Exemples et tables.

Reviews the book, L’étalonnage et la décision psychométrique: Exemples et tables by Louis Laurencelle (2008). What I.Q. score corresponds to a 90 percentile? How many subjects are required for the 95% confidence interval set around a correlation value of r = .50 to fall within the 0.4-0.6 range? What fraction of a group of persons applying for a job will be selected if, by applying the rule of union and three correlation tests of .3, we use a selection rate of 10%? To read more on this review, please see the full text pdf. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Modes de déformation de monocristaux h.c. de dysprosium et d'erbium

Dysprosium and erbium single crystals were deformed by compression between 0.17 and 0.5 T_f. The primary slip system is {101̄0} <112̄0 >; basal slip (0001) <112̄0 > and twinning on (112̄1) plane are secondary deformation modes. The problem of the relative ease of slip system in h.c.p. metals is discussed; assumption of a relation between deformation modes and electronic structure is expressed.     

Review of Psychologie positive et personnalité.

Reviews the book, Psychologie positive et personnalite (Positive psychology and personality, activation of resources) by Firouzeh Mehran (2010). This is an interesting book on a captivating subject that has been little examined. Psychology has produced much more research on human distress than on people’s well-being. On the practical level, it presents a variety of techniques applicable in therapy. On the personal level, the book encourages the reader to modify current habits and suggests several ways of doing so. The book begins with personality theories prior to positive psychology that focused on healthy aspects of human existence; then examines current trends. Among other aspects, the author discusses spirituality and humor, their utility in clinical work and future possibilities. This is a theoretical book that offers practical ideas on acquiring healthy attitudes. Many techniques are suggested for therapists, and their clients, such as the principles and exercises of meditation in the mindfulness approach. It is not only an instructive source of knowledge but a tool for change and professional development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

La déontologie et l'éthique dans le contexte de l'exercice de la profession de psychologue au Québec.

The professional structure in Quebec is unique in Canada because of the Office of Professions, which regulates all professional bodies in the province. Protection of the public is the fundamental role the regulatory system assigns to each professional body within its respective specialty. This professional structure ensures a balanced regulation of each profession's activities and a clear understanding of their missions. Examining the duties and obligations of the members of the profession is the role of deontology. Considering the consequences of their practice on clients, the profession and society is a matter of ethics. This article describes the professional structure within which psychologists in Quebec practice their profession, with full consideration of the role of deontology and ethics as mutually inseparable concepts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Traité de psychologie appliquée, Livre Troisième. L'Utilisation des aptitudes, orientation et sélection professionnelles.

Reviews the book Traité de psychologie appliquée, Livre Troisième. L'Utilisation des aptitudes, orientation et sélection professionnelles by H. Piéron, M. Reuchlin, R. Bize, C. Béssy-Chauffard, S. Pacaud, P. Rennes (see record 1955-04213-000). This 415-page book is volume three in a projected seven-volume work on applied psychology being brought out under the editorship of H. Piéron. In the opening chapter of the work, the editor of the series calls attention to the importance of becoming professional regarding the utilization of aptitudes and the scope of his appeal is nationwide. The other four chapters in the first part deal successively with surveys regarding current knowledge of different kinds of aptitude, the criteria in terms of which prediction regarding vocational success can be made, the varying demands of different trades and occupations on human resources, and different modes and degrees of adaptation made by the individual upon entering a profession. The four chapters of part two are subsumed under the general heading of professional selection. This work represents a survey of the variety of ways in which psychological methods-testing, factor analysis, job analysis, etc. have been used in connection with different aspects of the complex personnel problem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validation d’une version fran?aise de l’échelle d’évaluation cognitive primaire de Brewer et Skinner.

The purpose of this paper is to present 2 studies designed to validate a French version of the Cognitive Appraisal Scale (Trait) developed by Skinner and Brewer (2002). A first study evaluated its psychometric properties, factorial structure, and test–retest reliability. A second study tested the construct validity of the scale and its compatibility with 2 versions of the transactionnalist stress model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). In conclusion, this scale appears to be an adequate and useful instrument for the study of cognitive appraisal processes. In this early stage of development, it exhibits satisfying psychometric properties, which could be easily enhanced by the withdrawal of 2 items. Moreover, a confirmatory analysis shows that the French version of the scale has a better compatibility with an integrative version of the transactionnalist stress model initially developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) than with a more classical one. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Protocoles et échelles d'évaluation en psychiatrie et psychologie.

Reviews the book, Protocoles et échelles d'évaluation en psychiatrie et psychologie by Martine Bouvard and Jean Cottraux (2010). This work is designed as a guide to the methodology of clinical research protocols in psychiatry and psychology, and also the administration and scoring of self-reported psychometric tools. It is aimed at psychologists and psychiatrists in active mental health practice, as well as clinical researchers. Beginning practitioners may be more interested in this work because of the emphasis on the basic notions of methodology in clinical research and the didactic aspect pertaining to the administration and scoring of tests. This manual is also one of the few reference works in French that collates a significant number of tests and has benefited over the years from several re-editions. In the foreword, the authors stress the difficulty in recent years of integrating research and clinical work but, at the same time, mention current efforts at unifying these two sources of knowledge. This work is part of that trend, that is, of pursuing effective clinical research and practice, supported by rigorous scientific methodology. The book is divided into two parts, the first one providing a complete and accessible overview of methodology in layperson's language. The second one covers the presentation of empirical scales and questionnaires, and their administration and scoring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

La consommation de substances psychoactives chez les délinquants juvéniles à haut risque de récidive: Enjeux psychométriques.

Substance abuse and criminal activity are closely related phenomena. Substance abuse is also one of the risks and needs linked to criminogenic factors and increases the risk of re-offending among adolescent offenders. Identification of this problem is therefore important in guiding interventions directed at such clients. The concomitant validity of an instrument used to screen problem consumption of alcohol and drugs among adolescents (DEP-ADO) and scale 5 (substance abuse) of the YLS-CMI (research version) was studied. Their convergence with a self-related delinquency questionnaire was also verified. Data were also collected on four occasions from adolescent offenders at high risk of re-offending (N = 99) who were receiving services at the Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire. The results support a close relation between substance abuse and self-related delinquency. The two instruments converge in identifying offenders who are problematic substance users. However, scale 5 of the YLS-CMI appears to lead to an overestimation of positive cases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

L'attachment à l'age scolaire et le développement des troubles de comportement.

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the association between the mother–child attachment relationship and behavioural problems among a test group of 120 Francophone Canadian children from mixed social and economic backgrounds. The Strange Situation protocol was used to measure attachment styles when the children were between the ages of 5 and 7 yrs. Each child's behavioural difficulties were assessed by his or her educator or teacher during 3 developmental periods: 3–5 yrs, 5–7 yrs, and 7–9 yrs. Results show that disorganized insecure attachment is associated with an increased risk of developing exteriorized and interiorized behavioural troubles between the ages of 5 and 7. The authors also observed exteriorized behavioural problems among children with anxious-ambivalent attachment, especially in the 3–5 age group. Avoidant children, usually assessed positively, received exteriorization scores during the 5–7 period which were significantly below those of securely attached children. Avoidant boys also exhibited more interiorized symptoms during this time-frame. Analyses of the persistence of behavioural problems also showed increased risk among disorganized and ambivalent children with secure or avoidant attachment styles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of After high school--what?.

Reviews the book "After high school--what?" by Ralph F. Berdie (with chapters by Wilbur L. Layton and Ben Williams; see record 1955-02936-000). This volume reports the methods and results of a major investigation of the posthigh school plans of high school seniors and of a number of factors believed to be related to those plans. More specifically, the purpose of the study was "to investigate the factors determining college attendance with particular attention to a comparison of determinants related to economic status and those related to cultural or educational status." The study reported here gains in significance because of its comprehensive coverage both with respect to the population studied and to the types of data included. If the generalizations sometimes seem to outrun the data (despite disclaimers), this is a state of affairs not completely unknown in survey research. This is a solid contribution to current work on manpower problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adaptation et validation en langue Fran?aise d'une échelle de prise de décision.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) in a French population. This questionnaire is based on the decisional conflict model proposed by Janis and Mann (1977). Four major decisional styles were identified by authors: vigilance, buck-passing, procrastination, and hypervigilance. Four hundred fifty-four participants took part in the study. Results of factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the MDMQ can be conceptualized on a four-factor model according to Mann et al. (1998). The reliability of the MDQM appeared to be satisfactory with good internal consistency. Even if mean scores obtained on each decisional style are lower than preceding studies, results of this study justify utilisation of MDQM with the French population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Profils de buts d’apprentissage et caractéristiques personnelles des élèves au début du secondaire.

The present study pursued two goals. The first goal was to explore the presence of students’ learning goals profiles during the beginning of middle school, using cluster analyses procedure. The second goal was to examine whether these profiles are related to academic (motivation, feeling of competence, and achievement) and emotional (anxiety and depression) characteristics. Three hundred ten adolescents participated in this study. Results of cluster analyses showed the presence of different learning goals profiles (high mastery, mixed, mastery-avoidance, and low engaged). Furthermore, results indicated that students in high mastery and mixed profiles are better adapted than students in mastery-avoidance and low engaged profiles, particularly in regard of academic characteristics. On the whole, these findings suggest that considering heterogeneous profiles of learning goals at the beginning of middle school appears quite useful to better understanding students’ academic and emotional characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of What is electroshock therapy?.

What is Electroshock Therapy? (1954) presents answers to commonly asked questions about this form of treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Vers une compréhension de la dépression dans la perspective des femmes: Exploration de la contribution des approches de la recherche qualitative.

Provides an introduction to the special issue of Canadian Psychology on depression in women. "Depression" is recognized as one of the more common mental health problems and also one that is particularly prevalent among women. One major limitation of mainstream theorizing is the taken-for-granted view of depression as a form of internal "psychopathology," a phenomenon which can be understood without regard to sociocultural context. An approach that avoids this limitation is one in which contextual aspects of women's lives are included from the outset by following a research process that begins with the lived experiences of women. A focus on women's experiences also leads to consideration of the contributions of qualitative approaches to research on depression which are compatible with both a feminist standpoint perspective and social constructionist epistemologies. The articles in this special issue are intended to contribute to the development of new knowledge about depression in women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Handbook of cognitive–behavioral therapies, third edition.

Reviews the book, Handbook of cognitive–behavioral therapies, third edition edited by Keith S. Dobson (see record 2010-10108-000). Dobson’s revision of this classic volume provides a solid resource for psychologists and students of psychology. Many of us find that we become highly focused on our specific clinical work, teaching, and research, and it is easy to feel out of touch with the broader developments in the field. It is very helpful to pick up a resource such as this one to remind ourselves of the bigger picture in this important and influential treatment approach. Dobson has chosen authors for each topic who are key figures in the development of the approaches covered in their chapters. This choice of authors shows in the quality of the presentations and the familiarity with the key issues in each area. The book is divided into four parts: foundations, assessment, the therapies, and application to specific populations. This edited volume will be very useful in graduate courses on cognitive–behavioral therapies (CBTs) and in settings where clinical students are supervised. Practitioners and students with an interest in CBT will find it very helpful as a guide to the broad range of approaches and issues in CBT. In each area, the book provides up-to-date overviews of the research that guides our practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)