一种新的OFDM峰均功率比抑制算法

峰均功率比(PAPR)过高是OFDM系统的一个主要缺点,由于OFDM发射端功率放大器的非线性,高的峰均功率比会导致信号的频谱扩展,同时降低了放大器的工作效率。传统的削波算法虽然能够简单有效地降低信号的峰均功率比,但是会带来较大的额外频谱增益。为了克服传统削波算法的缺点,文中提出一种新的削波算法,该算法在降低PAPR的同时做到零频谱增益。并基于传统削波产生误差信号,通过对误差信号的滤波,以牺牲信号的EVM实现了零频谱增益。但又会带来较大的带内干扰,仿真表明配合相应的噪声消除算法,其误码性能接近未削波的原始信号水平。     

OFDM系统PAPR和OOB辐射联合抑制算法研究

正交频分复用(OFDM)技术具有频谱效率高和抗多径衰落能力强的优点,但存在高峰值平均功率比(PAPR)和高带外(OOB)辐射的固有缺点。部分PAPR抑制算法会导致OOB辐射升高,因此需要一种联合抑制OFDM系统的PAPR和OOB辐射的算法。本文提出了一种新的结合线性压扩和简化限幅滤波的混合式PAPR和OOB辐射联合抑制算法,该算法采用连续分段线性压扩(CPLC)算法抑制信号PAPR,并对压扩后的信号进行频域滤波;然后采用简化限幅滤波(SCF)算法降低频域滤波导致的峰值再生,保证信号的OOB辐射不再升高。接收端采用迭代接收算法提高系统的误码率性能。仿真结果表明,与CPLC、SCF方案相比,所提算法可以达到更好的PAPR和OOB辐射联合抑制性能,同时通过迭代接收算法获得与原始信号相近的误码率(BER)性能。     

A joint iterative channel estimation and symbol detection algorithm for OFDM systems over time-varying channels

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中由于信道快时变导致的子载波间干扰(ICI),基于基扩展模型,提出了一种时变信道下OFDM系统联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法.该算法将基于基扩展模型的最小均方误差信道估计算法与一种类似于串行干扰抵消的符号检测方式相结合,并利用插值和滤波过程进一步消除噪声影响,进而通过联合迭代获得较为精确的符号检测结果.同时,利用带状矩阵近似降低算法的计算复杂度,在复杂度与算法性能之间取得比较好的折中.理论分析和仿真结果表明,在快时变信道条件下,这种新的联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法可有效地提高系统性能.     

OFDM系统在时变信道下的迭代干扰抵消算法

为克服正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中因时变多径衰落信道破坏子载波的正交性引起载波间干扰(ICI),从而导致系统性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于最小均方误差(MMSE)估计和迭代算法相结合的迭代干扰抵消算法.为了消除一般MMSE均衡方法将载波间干扰当作加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)所带来的误差,该算法先使用MMSE方法对传输信号进行初值估计,再通过迭代干扰抵消和MMSE均衡相结合,来消除由时变信道所带来的载波间干扰.多次仿真表明,在时变多径衰落信道中使用本算法能够有效地消除载波间干扰,使系统性能得到很好的改善.     

基于多通道重构的SAR方位的性能分析和算法研究

SAR DPCMAB(方位向多相位中心多波速模式)能够提高方位向采样率,同时却带来非均匀采样的问题,通过频谱重构算法能够有效的恢复原信号频谱。但是在SAR传感器运行过程中存在通道特性不一致,采样时刻偏差,噪声等干扰因素,导致重构后的信号出现频谱噪声,重构精度收到影响。研究一种基于方位向相位中心偏移天线技术的机载SAR实现方法。通过在方位向上安置相位中心偏移的多个波束来降低系统对脉冲重复频率的要求,从而在保证方位向分辨率不变的条件下能够扩展机载SAR的测绘带宽。针对由PRF的变化造成的方位信号非均匀采样,采用多通道重构算法来恢复均匀采样信号。并以两通道机载SAR为例,通过仿真实例验证该算法的有效性。     

一种降低CO-OFDM系统PAPR改进的星座图扩展算法

相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)系统中的较大峰值平均功率比(PAPR)问题会导致严重的光纤非线性效应。本文提出了一种改进的星座图扩展(ACE)算法,取得了更好的PAPR抑制效果。研究表明,ACE算法与凸集投影法(POCS)相结合可减少计算复杂度,但存在峰值再生现象等问题。为此,本文利用抛物峰值抵消(PPC)算法改善迭代过程中的峰值再生现象,并采用星座映射预修正技术提高了收敛速度。采用改进算法对4QAM、29 Gb/s的CO-OFDM系统进行了仿真实验,结果表明改进算法使OFDM信号的PAPR降低了4.41 dB,并且具有更快的收敛速度。     

一种降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的预编码方法

正交频分复用（OFDM）系统的一大缺点就是有较高的峰值平均功率比（PAPR）,大大降低了线性功率放大器的效率。提出了一种用预编码方法,通过引入预编码矩阵将映射后的数据进行功率分配,从而降低OFDM信号的PAPR。该方法不影响频谱效率,不需要进行附加运算以及收发两端的握手信息。计算机仿真表明对传统的64个子载波OFDM系统PAPR有将近9dB的改善。     

RZF预编码与MMSE-SIC检测联合的大规模MIMO系统预编码设计算法

研究了大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的预编码设计算法。针对大规模MIMO系统通常利用增加用户天线数来提高系统频谱效率的方法会导致用户间干扰增大,从而对系统性能产生负面影响的问题,提出了一种将正则化迫零(RZF)预编码与最小均方误差-串行干扰消除(MMSE-SIC)检测相结合的改进算法。该算法通过在基站端采用RZF预编码对信号进行预处理以平衡用户间干扰和噪声干扰的影响,继而在接收端运用检测性能优异的MMSE-SIC算法来进一步减轻信号中的干扰,从而达到提升系统容量的目的。实验结果表明,这种将RZF预编码与MMSE-SIC检测相结合的改进算法,在用户间干扰较大时具有较好的适用性,且在完全已知和未完全已知信道状态信息情况下的频谱效率均优于传统RZF算法。     

误差白化与Kalman滤波的微硅加速度传感器动态补偿

通过模型参考的系统辨识方法建立微硅加速度传感器的动态补偿器。由于测量噪声和补偿器对传感器的频带扩展,使得补偿器的输入/输出信号存在严重的噪声干扰。在噪声干扰下,采用均方误差为代价函数的系统辨识方法,无法得到补偿器参数的无偏估计。补偿器参数的偏差和传感器频带的扩展将会使补偿器的输出信号出现严重失真和高频噪声干扰。为解决噪声对硅加速度传感器的动态补偿的影响,研究了一种新的动态补偿方法,该方法采用误差白化为代价函数的系统辨识方法得到补偿器的参数,可消除补偿器的参数在估计中的测量噪声影响,并通过卡尔曼实时滤波减小因传感器频带扩展所产生的高频噪声干扰。     

基于频谱搬移的迭代式谐波实信号频率估计算法

为抑制谐波实信号中频谱泄漏的影响,提出一种基于频谱搬移的迭代式谐波实信号频率估计算法。在估计某一谐波分量的频率时,所有负频率与其他分量的正频率均为产生频谱泄漏的干扰分量。根据干扰分量的频率逐次进行频谱搬移并抑制干扰分量,得到仅含有单一分量的信号,利用抛物线插值算法估计其频率;得到所有谐波分量的频率后,重新进行干扰分量抑制获得单一分量信号,以得到更加精确的频率估计值。仿真实验表明,所提算法抑制了干扰分量,提高了谐波实信号的频率估计精度,频率估计的均方误差更接近于克拉美罗下限(CRLB)。     

Reducing the PAPR by utilisation of the LDPC code

Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a major drawback in most multi-carrier communication techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplex system (OFDM). OFDM consists of lots of independent modulated subcarriers, as a result the amplitude of such a signal can have very large values. These large peaks increase the amount of intermodulation distortion resulting in an increase in the error rate. The PAPR of an OFDM signal can be reduced in several ways: selective mapping, Golay sequences, cyclic coding, clipping and filtering, and multiple signal representation techniques. The authors have improved the performance of the OFDM system by using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes as an alternative to turbo coding in mitigating the PAPR problem which has been used in the pervious works of the authors. The authors present the design for the proposed (LDPC) code technique that achieves good error correction performance and is used to lower the PAPR in a multiple-input multiple-output OFDM system. The simulation results show that 6-60- reduction in PAPR over current values in the literature can be achieved depending on the system type.     

A Strategy of Signal Detection for Performance Improvement in Clipping Based OFDM System

In this paper, the supervised Deep Neural Network (DNN) based signal detection is analyzed for combating with nonlinear distortions efficiently and improving error performances in clipping based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) ssystem. One of the main disadvantages for the OFDM is the high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The clipping is a simple method for the PAPR reduction. However, an effect of the clipping is nonlinear distortion, and estimations for transmitting symbols are difficult despite a Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection at the receiver. The DNN based online signal detection uses the offline learning model where all weights and biases at fullyconnected layers are set to overcome nonlinear distortions by using training data sets. Thus, this paper introduces the required processes for the online signal detection and offline learning, and compares error performances with the ML detection in the clipping-based OFDM systems. In simulation results, the DNN based signal detection has better error performance than the conventional ML detection in multi-path fading wireless channel. The performance improvement is large as the complexity of system is increased such as huge Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system and high clipping rate.     

抑制OFDM信号峰均比对直接检测光传输系统的性能影响

高峰均比是OFDM通信系统的主要缺点之一,光OFDM通信系统也存在同样的问题.本文将联合Hadamard变换和限幅(Clipping)方法抑制峰均功率比算法成功应用到直接检测的光正交频分复用光纤传输实验平台,重点研究了算法对系统误码性能的影响.实验中产生的2.5 Gb/s QPSK OFDM光信号在标准单模光纤中传输1...     

Iterative cancellation of clipping noise in multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation multi-carrier CDMA system

An iterative reconstruction method that was proposed for clipping noise cancellation in orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) systems is applied to multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation-based multi-carrier (MC) code division multiple access signals in downlink. The iterative method uses a known distortion function, maybe a nonlinear one such as a successive clipping and filtering process, in the iterations to give an approximation of inverse of the distortion process and then the iterative method removes distortion under a convergence condition. The authors show that MC signal with properly chosen clipping threshold satisfies convergence conditions of the iterative method. In contrast to some of the other reconstruction-based techniques, this method requires no extra bandwidth and side information and it can be implemented with reasonable complexity. Furthermore, the authors show that the proposed iterative scheme can be enhanced by using an extra frequency bandwidth. Exploiting extra bandwidth improves the performance of the reconstruction-based methods in case of using successive clipping and filtering. Simulation results will be used to demonstrate achievable bit-error-rate improvement by the proposed enhanced iterative scheme.     

RA码在水声OFDM通信系统中的应用研究

正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)技术由于具有频谱利用率高、抗多径能力强等优点,成为当前水声通信的研究重点和热点,但较高的峰均功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, PAPR)严重影响了水声OFDM通信系统的性能。采用重复累积码(Repeat Accumulate, RA)作为信道编码方案,并用线性反馈移位寄存器(Linear Feedback Shift Registers, LFSR)代替原RA码结构中的累加器,再通过选择映射(Selective Mapping, SLM)方法降低系统的峰均功率比。计算机仿真和水池实验结果表明,采用改进结构的RA码结合SLM技术能有效降低水声OFDM系统的PAPR,提高系统的性能,具有很好的应用前景。     

Frequency domain interpretation of power ratio metric for cognitive radio systems

Software radio (SWR) is an enabling technology for cognitive radio (CR) systems which promises to (de) modulate any signal, at any frequency. SWR signal therefore is composed of different standard's signals, and each standard's signal is either multicarrier or multiplex of single carriers. This combination leads to high temporal fluctuations and thus SWR signal inherits high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) or simply high power ratio (PR). Nonlinear analogue components (amplifiers, converters etc.) cause distortions (in and out of band distortion) for high PR signals which result in system performance degradation. Usually PR problem is addressed in time domain, and here frequency domain interpretation of PR which is more appropriate in SWR context is presented. Gaussian equivalence between SWR signal and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is proved first to accentuate high PR issue in SWR as OFDM suffers the same problem. Then frequency domain interpretation of PR metric is discussed which results in a PR upper bound. This PR upper bound depends only upon spectral values of the signal thus associates spectrum with PR. As a result this bound assists in spectrum access for CR systems by providing PR metric information related to any available bandwidth. Thus bandwidth allocation in a spectrum access scenario under PR constraint is simplified.     

Selective post-IFFT amplitude randomising for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based systems

The inherent high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of multicarrier transmission, such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete multi-tone (DMT), can lead to a significant degradation in the transmission power efficiency which is unacceptable especially in battery-powered terminals. Among the most popular PAPR reduction techniques proposed in the literature is the selective mapping (SLM) technique which has been shown to offer PAPR reductions of several decibels. However, the SLM technique requires invoking the inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) process several times per transmitted OFDM block which increases the system's complexity and hence may result in long latencies and high power consumption. The authors propose a new low complexity post-IFFT PAPR reduction technique that can outperform the SLM technique in terms of PAPR reduction while its operational complexity is orders of magnitude less than that of SLM technique.     

Time domain constellation shaping technique for peak-to-average power ratio reduction

A new constellation shaping technique has been proposed, which efficiently and effectively reduces the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Its novelty is based upon a simple transformation in the time domain instead of the commonly used frequency domain. This transformation is shown to ensure PAPR reduction regardless of the OFDM system input. As compared with previously known PAPR reduction methods, the proposed technique requires minimal implementation complexity, while it offers considerable performance gains. Closed form analytical expressions for the distribution of the PAPR and the bit error rate are derived. The accuracy of these analytical expressions is verified via equivalent performance evaluation results obtained by means of Monte Carlo computer simulations. Furthermore, performance comparisons made with other competitive techniques show that the proposed technique is an attractive alternative for PAPR reduction.     

Transceiver scheme for single-carrier frequency division multiple access implementing the wavelet transform and peak-to-average-power ratio reduction methods

Single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has been adopted as a possible air interface for future wireless networks. It combines most of the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and the low peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of single-carrier transmission. This study proposes a new transceiver scheme for SC-FDMA systems implementing the wavelet transform to decompose the transmitted signal into approximation and detail components. The approximation component can be clipped or companded whereas the detail component is left unchanged because of its sensitivity to noise. Wavelet filter banks at the transmitter and the receiver demonstrate the ability to reduce the distortion in the reconstructed signal while retaining all the significant features present in the signal. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated with different PAPR reduction methods. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme with the hybrid clipping and companding method provides a significant performance enhancement when compared with the conventional SC-FDMA system, while the complexity of the system is slightly increased.