Effects of discomfort glare on performance in attending peripheral visual information in displays

Large screens have become more popular in recent years. Because of the increasing size of displays, the amount of information presented in the peripheral visual field has gained importance in many tasks on visual display units. Users of displays are often exposed to some change or difference in luminance in or between different areas of a display, which in turn may produce a phenomenon known as discomfort glare. Discomfort glare is likely to affect cognitive performance. The performance in the visual periphery is more susceptible to disturbances as is the case for the performance in the central visual field.     

A review of: “A Manager's Guide to Ergonomics in the Electronic Office. By MARVIN J. DAINOFF and MARILYN HECHT DAINOFF (Chichester John Wiley and Sons, 1987.) [Pp. xii + 230.] £19·95.

When polygon displays are used to represent multiple sources of information, sometimes they can be processed in parallel so that the significant information can be taken in ‘at a glance’. Previous studies found that reaction times (RTs) remained constant as the number of vertices was increased (Greaney and MacRae 1993). However, these studies did not call for the explicit identification of critical vertices and used polygons that were relatively regular. The present study required abnormal vertices to be identified, and it was found that RTs increased as a function of the total number of vertices. In addition, RTs were longer when the variability of the displayed information was greater, that is, when the polygon was more irregular. It was concluded that the polygon display may have more potential as a global warning indicator than as a means of displaying individual parameter values, which must be assessed separately.     

Evaluating non-speech sound visualizations for the deaf

Sounds such as co-workers chatting nearby or a dripping faucet help us maintain awareness of and respond to our surroundings. Without a tool that communicates ambient sounds in a non-auditory manner, maintaining this awareness is difficult for people who are deaf. We present an iterative investigation of peripheral, visual displays of ambient sounds. Our major contributions are: (1) a rich understanding of what ambient sounds are useful to people who are deaf, (2) a set of visual and functional requirements for a peripheral sound display, based on feedback from people who are deaf, (3) lab-based evaluations investigating the characteristics of four prototypes, and (4) a set of design guidelines for successful ambient audio displays, based on a comparison of four implemented prototypes and user feedback. Our work provides valuable information about the sound awareness needs of the deaf and can help to inform further design of such applications.     

A preliminary investigation of the time tunnels display design technique

Two forms of decision support were evaluated using a simulated process control task environment. The time tunnel display design concept provides temporal (historical) information about the value of variables and relationships over time using perspective geometry and the depth plane. The compensated level variable is a quickened display that provides estimates of system state that is not confounded by counter-intuitive and time-delayed thermodynamic effects. These two forms of decision support were applied factorially (present, absent) to produce four experimental conditions. The results for system control and fault detection tasks indicate that display quickening improved performance significantly while the time tunnel displays did not. The results for data extraction tasks (reporting the values of system variables) were dependent upon the quality of the mapping between properties in the domain and visual features in the display. Methodological factors that may have influenced the results are considered and subsequent evaluations of the time tunnels design technique, using alternative methodologies, are discussed. It is concluded that the time tunnels display design concept has potential as a form of decision support and is worthy of additional research efforts.     

基于机器视觉的蟋蟀体态测量

设计一套基于机器视觉的蟋蟀体态测量装置,初步研究用图像处理和图像测量的方法实现对蟋蟀躯干长宽的测量.该装置构建一个PC-Based的机器视觉系统,利用VisuaI Basic开发工具编写图像处理算法和图像测量算法的程序.应用惯性主轴的方法实现蟋蟀图片位置的归一化,应用数学形态学分割算法实现了蟋蟀躯干与足和触角的分割,将分割后的躯干进行边缘提取,从而进行蟋蟀体态的测量.     

How to create appealing temporal color transitions?

Abstract— Many applications, such as AmbiLight TV and atmosphere creation with dynamic light, generate colored light that changes gradually from one color to another. However, there is not much scientific knowledge on how to create suitable color transitions. This study investigates what is perceptually the most optimal way to create a temporal color transition between two colors. The first experiment measured the ability to distinguish between two temporal color transitions. The reference transition was a linear interpolation between two colors in CIELab, the test transitions were arcs defined in different planes going through the linear transition. Discrimination thresholds ranged between 2.5 and 12.5 ΔE_ab, depending on the color pair, direction, and duration of the transition. In the second experiment, several perceptually different color transitions were compared. The most preferred transitions were a linear transition in CIELab and a linear transition in RGB. The results suggest that it is possible to design a general algorithm for temporal color transitions that is appreciated by human observers, independent of color pair and application.     

ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF SOLDIERS PERFORMING COMBAT TYPE ACTIVITIES

The energy cost of ft number of tactical tasks was measured for soldiers during tactically controlled rather than experimentally controlled tasks. The upper range of energy expenditure rates was 400 to 4:10 kcal per hour during these tactical manoeuvres; incipient physical or heat exhaustion was associated with the few much higher values. The realism of the tactical situation, and an estimate of the contribution made by the heat load and wearing of the gas mask to the energy costs measured is presented. The hypothesis is presented that the upper range of energy expenditure rates for prolonged periods is independent of terrain when men are allowed to work at their own pace, but depends on the total weight carried. The relationship between ventilation volume and energy expenditure in this study is compared with data presented by Liddell and supports the argument that calculation of energy expenditure can be reliably made using a single formula to convert ventilation volume par se, particularly within the practical accuracy of field measurements     

Viewing 3D TV over two months produces no discernible effects on balance,coordination or eyesight

With the rise in stereoscopic 3D media, there has been concern that viewing stereoscopic 3D (S3D) content could have long-term adverse effects, but little data are available. In the first study to address this, 28 households who did not currently own a 3D TV were given a new TV set, either S3D or 2D. The 116 members of these households all underwent tests of balance, coordination and eyesight, both before they received their new TV set, and after they had owned it for 2 months. We did not detect any changes which appeared to be associated with viewing 3D TV. We conclude that viewing 3D TV does not produce detectable effects on balance, coordination or eyesight over the timescale studied.

Practitioner Summary: Concern has been expressed over possible long-term effects of stereoscopic 3D (S3D). We looked for any changes in vision, balance and coordination associated with normal home S3D TV viewing in the 2 months after first acquiring a 3D TV. We find no evidence of any changes over this timescale.     

《OpenGL三维图形程序设计》系列讲座 第五讲 曲线和曲面(下)

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