矿物掺合料对地聚合物抗冻性能的影响

以碱激发偏高岭土制备地聚合物混凝土,分别研究了掺入15%的钢渣、矿渣或粉煤灰的地聚合物混凝土的力学抗压强度和抗冻性能,测试了地聚合物混凝土的真空饱水体积吸液率,运用XRD、SEM和DSC-TG等测试方法分析了矿物掺合料对地聚合物微观结构和水化产物的影响。结果表明:钢渣或矿渣能有效提高地聚合物混凝土的抗压强度,而粉煤灰的掺入使其强度稍有降低;地聚合物表观形貌中存在较多的孔洞和微裂缝导致其抗冻性能较差,掺入钢渣或者矿渣后地聚合物形成了新的产物C-S-H凝胶、C-A-S-H凝胶等并填充在结构中形成更加密实的板状结构,降低了地聚合物混凝土冻融破坏速率,五次冻融循环后地聚合物的相对强度均在90%以上,抗冻性能得到提高;粉煤灰降低了制备地聚合物混凝土的用水量且未水化的粉煤灰颗粒镶嵌在结构中增加了其密实性和抗冻性能,五次冻融循环后相对强度为86.9%,基准组的相对强度仅为79.7%。     

Bond strength of reinforcing steel embedded in fly ash-based geopolymer concrete

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is an emerging construction material that uses a by-product material such as fly ash as a complete substitute for cement. This paper evaluates the bond strength of fly ash based geopolymer concrete with reinforcing steel. Pull-out test in accordance with the ASTM A944 Standard was carried out on 24 geopolymer concrete and 24 ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete beam-end specimens, and the bond strengths of the two types of concrete were compared. The compressive strength of geopolymer concrete varied from 25 to 39 MPa. The other test parameters were concrete cover and bar diameter. The reinforcing steel was 20 mm and 24 mm diameter 500 MPa steel deformed bars. The concrete cover to bar diameter ratio varied from 1.71 to 3.62. Failure occurred with the splitting of concrete in the region bonded with the steel bar, in both geopolymer and OPC concrete specimens. Comparison of the test results shows that geopolymer concrete has higher bond strength than OPC concrete. This is because of the higher splitting tensile strength of geopolymer concrete than of OPC concrete of the same compressive strength. A comparison between the splitting tensile strengths of OPC and geopolymer concrete of compressive strengths ranging from 25 to 89 MPa shows that geopolymer concrete has higher splitting tensile strength than OPC concrete. This suggests that the existing analytical expressions for bond strength of OPC concrete can be conservatively used for calculation of bond strength of geopolymer concrete with reinforcing steel.     

粉煤灰对泡沫混凝土物理力学性能的影响

研究了粉煤灰掺量和水灰比对粉煤灰掺量较大的泡沫混凝土的干密度和抗压强度的影响,利用经验公式计算泡沫混凝土的孔隙率,重点研究泡沫混凝土的孔隙率和干密度、抗压强度的关系。研究结果表明随着粉煤灰掺量的增加泡沫混凝土的干密度和抗压强度均呈下降的趋势。当粉煤灰掺量由25%上升到30%时,不同水胶比的泡沫混凝土干密度下降均超过了60 kg/m3;粉煤灰掺量由30%提高到40%时,不同水胶比的泡沫混凝土抗压强度下降的趋势都明显减小。以粉煤灰取代水泥后,孔隙率和干密度的拟合公式为 Y =27126.8-64295.9X +38334.4X 2,相关系数为0.9097;孔隙率和抗压强度的拟合公式为Y =58.7-142.2X +86.3X 2,相关系数为0.9802。     

新型钢管混凝土结构的力学性能与设计理论研究 第十三届全国结构工程学术会议特邀报告

近年来作者对薄壁钢管混凝土、钢管高性能混凝土和中空夹层钢管混凝土等新型钢管混凝土结构进行了研究,并取得初步成果.本文拟在简要归纳和总结这些研究成果的基础上.提出这些新型钢管混凝土结构设计计算的特点和方法,以期为有关工程实践提供参考。     

钢管自应力自密实高强混凝土柱偏心受压性能试验研究

为提高钢管内混凝土的密实度,减小混凝土的收缩,以保证钢管与混凝土更好地共同工作,满足实际工程需要,该文提出采用钢管自应力自密实高强混凝土柱,考虑偏心距、长径比和初始自应力等参数的影响,设计制作21根钢管自应力自密实高强混凝土柱和3根钢管自密实高强混凝土柱试件,通过偏心受压试验,考察试件的破坏形态,实测试件的荷载-挠度曲线和荷载-应变曲线,分析各参数对偏心受压试件受力性能的影响。研究表明:偏心受压试件主要发生弯曲失稳破坏;试件极限承载力随偏心距或长径比增大而减小,当初始自应力为3 MPa~5 MPa时,钢管自应力自密实混凝土偏心受压柱的极限承载力提高9.2%~11.7%。参考国内相关规范,通过试验数据回归分析,提出钢管自应力自密实高强混凝土柱偏心受压承载力计算公式,可供工程设计参考。     

Models relating mixture composition to the density and strength of foam concrete using response surface methodology

There have been several investigations in the past on the influence of mixture composition on the properties of foam concrete. Conventionally strength is related to density alone and few models have been developed relating strength with density, porosity, gel–space ratio, etc. Very little work has been reported in the literature in predicting the properties of foam concrete from the knowledge of its mixture proportions. This paper discusses the development of empirical models for compressive strength and density of foam concrete through statistically designed experiments. The response surface plots helps in visually analysing the influence of factors on the responses. The relative influence of fly ash replacement on strength and density of foam concrete is studied by comparing it with mixes without fly ash and brought out that replacement of fine aggregate with fly ash will help in increase in the strength of foam concrete at lower densities allowing high strength to density ratio. Confirmatory tests have shown that the relation developed by statistical treatment of experimental results can act as a guideline in the mixture proportion of foam concrete.     

Compressive strength and chloride resistance of self-compacting concrete containing high level fly ash and silica fume

The influence of high-calcium fly ash and silica fume as a binary and ternary blended cement on compressive strength and chloride resistance of self-compacting concrete (SCC) were investigated in this study. High-calcium fly ash (40–70%) and silica fume (0–10%) were used to replace part of cement at 50, 60 and 70 wt.%. Compressive strength, density, volume of permeable pore space (voids) and water absorption of SCC were investigated. The total charge passed in coulombs was assessed in order to determine chloride resistance of SCC. The results show that binary blended cement with high level fly ash generally reduced the compressive strength of SCC at all test ages (3, 7, 28 and 90 days). However, ternary blended cement with fly ash and silica fume gained higher compressive strength after 7 days when compared to binary blended fly ash cement at the same replacement level. The compressive strength more than 60 MPa (high strength concrete) can be obtained when using high-calcium fly ash and silica fume as ternary blended cement. Fly ash decreased the charge passed of SCC and tends to decrease with increasing fly ash content, although the volume of permeable pore space (voids) and water absorption of SCC were increased. In addition when compared to binary blended cement at the same replacement level, the charge passed of SCC that containing ternary blended cement was lower than binary blended cement with fly ash only. This indicated that fly ash and silica fume can improve chloride resistance of SCC at high volume content of Portland cement replacement.     

钢管混凝土短柱力学性能研究-理论分析

根据国内外进行的不同围压下不同混凝土强度等级(C20~C130)三轴试验研究,建立了混凝土三轴强度准则、峰值应变准则和应力-应变全曲线,并且与混凝土单轴受压强度、峰值应变、应力-应变全曲线相协调。基于给定的混凝土和钢材三轴本构模型及相应假定的混凝土和钢材泊松比,应用连续介质力学对钢管混凝土短柱进行弹塑性分析,建立了钢管混凝土组合材料的组合弹性模量理论计算公式和应力-应变关系全曲线的理论表达式,其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。研究成果可供钢管混凝土柱的非线性有限元全过程分析参考。     

多腔式多边形钢管混凝土柱偏心受压承载力研究

以天津高银117大厦巨型柱为原型,按1/20缩尺设计制作11根多腔式多边形钢管混凝土柱偏压试件,通过静力试验研究其偏心受压性能,包括破坏形态、荷载-侧向挠度关系曲线和荷载-应变关系曲线,采用ABAQUS软件拓展分析钢管壁厚、长细比、偏心率和混凝土强度等参数对试件极限承载力的影响规律。研究结果表明:多腔式多边形钢管混凝土柱偏心受压试件主要发生弯曲型失稳破坏;提高混凝土强度或钢管壁厚,可提高试件的极限承载力;腔内钢筋笼可显著提高其延性及后期承载力;当长细比从24增加到70,其极限承载力下降38.6%;当偏心率从0.2增加到1,其极限承载力下降54.1%;基于有限元结果,参考相关的承载力计算方法,建立适用于六边形六腔及五边形四腔的钢管混凝土柱偏心受压承载力计算公式,可为实际工程应用提供参考。     

石灰石粉对泵送混凝土性能影响的试验研究

本文主要研究了单掺石灰石粉、石灰石粉与粉煤灰复掺对泵送混凝土拌合物工作性和抗压强度的影响,研究表明：掺加石灰石粉可以改善泵送混凝土的工作性能,与单掺石灰石粉相比,石灰石粉与粉煤灰复掺,具有复合叠加效应,不仅可以改善泵送混凝土的工作性能,同时可提高泵送混凝土的抗压强度。     

Influence of activated fly ash on corrosion-resistance and strength of concrete

Various activation techniques, such as physical, thermal and chemical were adopted. By adopting these methods of activation, hydration of fly ash blended cement was accelerated and thereby improved the corrosion-resistance and strength of concrete. Concrete specimens prepared with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of activated fly ash replacement levels were evaluated for their compressive strengths at 7, 14, 28 and 90 days and the results were compared with ordinary Portland cement concrete (without fly ash). Corrosion-resistance of fly ash cement concrete was studied by using anodic polarization technique. Electrical resistivity and ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements were also carried out to understand the quality of concrete. The final evaluation was done by qualitative and quantitative estimation of corrosion for different systems. All the studies confirmed that upto a critical level of 20–30% replacement; activated fly ash cement improved both the corrosion-resistance and strength of concrete. Chemical activation of fly ash yielded better results than the other methods of activation investigated in this study.     

Behavior of high strength fly ash concrete columns under fire conditions

Fly ash concrete is finding increasing applications in construction; however there is lack of data on fire performance of fly ash concrete structural members. This paper presents results from fire resistance tests on fly ash concrete columns. Data generated from tests on high strength fly ash concrete columns is compared with those of conventional high strength concrete (HSC) columns. The effect of concrete type, fire exposure scenario, fly ash, and fibers in concrete mix on fire performance of fly ash concrete columns is discussed. Results from fire resistance tests show that fly ash concrete columns exhibit almost similar fire resistance to that of conventional HSC columns. Further, the addition of polypropylene fibers mitigates fire induced spalling in high strength fly ash concrete columns.     

钢管钢纤维高强混凝土轴压短柱的受力分析

为了研究钢纤维对钢管高强混凝土短柱轴压力学性能的影响,对7根钢管钢纤维高强混凝土短柱和3根钢管高强混凝土短柱进行了轴心受压试验。根据试验中测得的钢管横向应变和纵向应变结果,采用内力分解法分析了钢管与钢纤维高强混凝土的应力变化以及两者之间的相互关系。结果表明：钢纤维对钢管高强混凝土短柱的横向变形影响较大,掺入钢纤维能有效...     

钢管自密实混凝土加固钢筋混凝土圆形短柱偏压性能研究

通过9根加固钢筋混凝土圆形短柱(8根钢管自密实混凝土复合加固柱,1根扩大截面加固柱)和1根钢筋混凝土原柱的偏心受压试验,对不同方法加固钢筋混凝土圆形短柱的承载力、刚度和延性进行研究,分析偏心距、钢管壁厚和自密实混凝土强度对复合加固短柱偏压性能的影响。试验结果表明:复合加固短柱的承载力与延性均优于扩大截面加固柱;减小偏心距或增加钢管壁厚均能显著提高复合加固柱的承载力与延性;改变自密实混凝土强度,复合加固柱承载力与延性变化不明显。在确定钢材与新旧混凝土本构关系的基础上,利用纤维模型法对复合加固短柱偏压性能进行参数分析。研究结果表明:增加钢管壁厚或提高屈服强度,N/N_u-M/M_u相关曲线往内收拢;增大外扩截面直径或提高自密实混凝土强度,N/N_u-M/M_u相关曲线往外凸出。     

钢管混凝土短柱力学性能研究-实用计算方法

通过对国内外233个钢管混凝土短柱的有效试验结果的重分析,进一步论证了套箍指标是影响钢管混凝土短柱极限承载力的综合因素,建立了钢管混凝土短柱极限承载力、峰值应变和平台强度等实用计算公式和钢管混凝土短柱组合材料应力-应变全曲线实用计算公式,混凝土强度等级适用范围为C20~C110,其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。研究成果可供钢管混凝土柱的非线性有限元全过程分析参考。     

外套钢管自密实混凝土加固钢筋混凝土圆柱轴压受力分析

提出了外套钢管自密实混凝土加固钢筋混凝土柱的新型复合加固方法。对9根复合加固钢筋混凝土圆短柱进行了轴心受压试验,根据试验中测得的钢管和钢筋应变结果,采用内力分解法分析了外套钢管、核心混凝土和钢筋的应力变化和三者之间的相互作用。分析结果表明:加载方式对外套钢管的横向变形影响较大,约束型加载方式外套钢管屈服时的横向应力大于钢管和核心混凝土共同承压加载方式;核心混凝土的抗压强度提高系数和不同材料承担轴力的比例与加载方式、外套钢管厚度、后浇自密实混凝土强度和界面处理方式有关。     

钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱承载力性能的试验研究

本文报导了２１个钢管混凝土轴压短柱的试验研究,其中１８个钢管高强混凝土试件,３个普通钢管混凝土试件。试验的主要参数是套箍系数。研究结果表明,当套箍系数较小时,钢管径向变形对钢管高强混凝土极限承载力有影响。     

Compressive stiffness and strength of concrete filled double skin (CHS inner &; CHS outer) tubes

This paper investigated the stiffness and capacity of concrete filled double skin tubes (CFDST) column under axial compression. The column has circular hollow section (CHS) as both outer skin and inner skin. Stiffness of CFDST columns under small displacement was analyzed by the energy method. The modified elastic modulus of the between concrete and steel tubes were deduced respectively to calculate the composite stiffness of the CFDST stub column. According to the unified theory of concrete filled steel tube (CFST), the bearing capacity of the stub column was predicted by presenting the equivalent confinement coefficient of CFDST. The composite modulus and ultimate strength of the stub columns were calculated in comparison with corresponding test value, and it was found that there was good agreement between theoretical and experimental results.     

大尺寸RPC管-HSC组合柱轴压性能试验研究

在活性粉末混凝土(RPC)预制管内部浇筑高强混凝土,形成RPC管-高强混凝土(HSC)组合柱,扩展了RPC管-混凝土组合柱(CFRT)这一新型组合结构的范围。开展了RPC管离心法成型的配合比与工艺研究,成功试制了RPC管。对4组大尺寸CFRT和1组箍筋约束高强混凝土柱试件进行轴压试验,试验参数为内部混凝土和纵筋配置率。结果表明:内部填充HSC的CFRT柱在整个受力过程中,预制管身基本完整,抗压性能显著优于用于对比的箍筋约束高强混凝土柱;CFRT柱的抗压强度随内部混凝土强度的提高而提高,但约束效应逐步降低,对CFRT柱的内部混凝土的强度应该有所限制;在内部混凝土中配置纵向钢筋,对CFRT的延性影响不大;基于Mander(1988)约束模型,提出了内部填充高强混凝土的CFRT柱轴向承载力计算方法,模型的预测结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Concrete durability presented by acceptable chloride level and chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete: 10-year results in marine site

Generally, concrete with high resistance to the marine environment should have high compressive strength, a low chloride diffusion coefficient (D _C), and a high acceptable chloride level (Ac). Considering all parameters simultaneously, this study evaluated the degree of fly ash concrete durability based on 10-year results in a marine site. Based on the concrete durability (Ac/D _C, as compared to cement concrete with a W/B ratio of 0.45) and compressive strength, the degree of concrete durability proposed in this study indicates that fly ash concretes with a W/B ratio of 0.45 and 15–35 wt % fly ash replacement exhibit high-quality performance in a marine site.