大功率风电机组技术现状及展望

收集并分析了现有大功率风力发电机组的发展情况及数据,讨论了未来10MW级风力发电机组的概念设计方案和技术发展路线,并对未来大功率风力发电机组的基本参数和可能采用的结构做了初步计算和探讨。     

大型并网风电机组控制系统的研制

大型并网风力发电机组的关键技术是机组的控制系统。本文描述了这种控制系统的软并网装置,通用控制器与风力机组输入－输出信号模板,专用大型并网型风力机监控管理软件设计、整机的现场联机运行调试及全自动无故障运行。     

车载微机控制器插件板高效测试台

介绍了一种车载微机控制器插件板测试台的组成及测试过程,对其工作原理进行了分析,并介绍了上位机软件和插件板专用测试软件的设计方法。     

双馈风电机组的建模仿真及其等值方法研究

文章分析了双馈风力发电机组的数学模型及控制模型,基于PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建了双馈风力发电机组仿真模型,以阵风和渐变风为例,对风力发电机组并网运行端口的稳态特性和故障特性进行仿真,其结果实现定子侧有功、无功解耦控制及电压的恒定,验证了所建模型的正确性。在考虑尾流效应的情况下,研究了不同类型的双馈风电机组等值思路,搭建了等值模型,对其等值前后的稳态、暂态特性进行对比分析,结果表明了该等值方法的有效性,为大规模并网型双馈机组风电场进一步研究提供了有利条件。     

风电机组叶片载荷发散问题研究

针对147 m风轮直径2.5 MW风电机组的配套叶片在设计开发过程中出现的载荷震荡发散现象,通过对叶片载荷和机组坎贝尔图分析,阐述了发散的原因和机理.机组在12P频率附近若存在负阻尼,在额定风速附近时,机组会发生共振,导致载荷发生振荡发散.提出了采用调整叶片扭转刚度的改进措施,对叶片进行了调整,解决了发散的问题.     

风电机组载荷计算的外部风速条件模拟研究

针对大型风力发电机组设计中的风速条件进行了模拟研究,利用Bladed软件进行了仿真和载荷计算,研究内容包括风切变、塔影、上风向尾流、三维湍流、瞬时风速等建模问题.结合沈阳工业大学承担"863"项目--SUT-1000 MW级变速恒频风电机组的研制,进行了IEC标准下各级负载级别的载荷计算.     

国家风电特许权重点项目 首台风电机组吊装成功

国家风电特许权重点项目-江苏龙源风电公司首台1500kW风力发电机组吊装成功，一座高120m的“大风车”巍然矗立在如东黄海之滨。这是江苏省吊装的首台风力发电机组。该风力发电机组由3节塔筒组成，高80m，总重量达127t左右；3片单长37m的巨大叶片组成的大风扇，扫风面积达77m，创亚洲之最。目前电力输出系统已经建成，风电机组安装、调试后，首批4台机组将于2006年9月可并网发电。     

基于灰色粗糙集理论的风电机组传动链智能故障诊断方法

风电机组的状态监测和故障诊断是保证机组长期稳定运行和安全发电的关键。风电机组传动链系统的故障种类繁多,原因复杂,其故障征兆、故障原因和故障机理之间存在着极大的不确定性。文中在其故障诊断过程中,首先利用粗糙集原理对其特征参数进行约简,去除冗余参数,再利用粗糙集理论定量确定各特征参数的重要程度;根据约简的特征参数和各参数的重要程度,利用灰色关联度分析方法确定标准故障状态与目前机组状态的关联度,从而找到其故障之处。实例计算表明：在风电机组的故障诊断中将灰色系统理论和粗糙集理论结合是一种有效的方法,为其今后开展智能故障诊断提供了理论基础。     

风电机组多部件融合气动分析

选用华锐风电1.5 MW变速恒频双馈式风力发电机SL1500/61为基本模型,对装配3种不同类型导流罩的风力发电机组机舱与叶片进行融合建模,通过数值模拟分析方法进行整体模型的合理性验证。在极限风速下分析3种导流罩及机舱附近流场的空气动力学特性,结果表明,风机叶片的尾流速度差距约1 m/s,阻力型导流罩前端的高压面积最大,装配W型导流罩的风机机舱表面压力特性优于其他类型,不同导流罩表面的涡粘性存在明显的差距。叶片融合技术可以较好地解决叶片根部与导流罩端壁连接处所存在的角区流动现象,达到减小误差的导流效果。     

风电场风电机组的接地设计

较系统地介绍了风电场风电机组对接地电阻的要求、接地设计思路及方法,并提供实际工程中接地网布置图实例作为参考。     

风电叶片后缘疲劳加载设备摇臂支架结构优化设计

基于模态叠加理论对风电叶片后缘疲劳加载设备摇臂支架进行模态分析和拓扑结构优化。文章通过对风电叶片后缘疲劳加载模型进行合理简化,对摇臂支架所受载荷进行了等效分析,建立了摇臂支架的有限元模型,进而基于模态叠加法对摇臂支架进行动力学响应分析,得到了各阶次的频率分布情况。最后,以各板件厚度为约束条件,建立以质量最轻为目标函数的数学模型,结合OptiStruct软件得到了优化结果。结果表明,优化后的摇臂支架质量减少了985 kg,且在相同工况下,摇臂支架的变形量减少了4.7 mm,验证了优化后摇臂支架结构的可行性,为后缘加载装备的工程应用提供了理论支撑。     

风特性对风力发电机组输出功率的影响

为了准确研究不同类型的风速对并网风电机组输出功率的影响,建立了并网风力发电机模型和不同类型风速的模型。在不同类型风速的扰动下,对异步风电机输出功率的波动进行了仿真分析;针对引起功率振荡最严重的阵风,进行了不同频率的阵风扰动下风电机组功率振荡的比较,对阵风扰动下风电机组间的相互影响进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在相同幅值的扰动下,阵风引起的风电机组功率振荡最严重,机组功率振荡情况与阵风扰动的频率有关,单台机组在阵风扰动下产生的振荡对其他机组也会产生一定的影响。     

Study on power performance for straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine by field and wind tunnel test

In this paper, the power performance of straight-bladed VAWT is experimentally investigated by wind tunnel experiment and field test. The test rotor is two-bladed with NACA0021 airfoil profile. A survey of varying unsteady wind parameters is conducted to examine the effects of blade pitch angle, Reynolds number and wind velocity on the power performance of VAWT. Moreover, the flow field characteristics are obtained through measuring the wind velocity by Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) system in the wind tunnel experiment and three-cup type anemometers in field test. Power and torque performance are obtained through a torque meter installed in rotor shaft of the wind turbine. Experimental results estimated from the measured values from field test and wind tunnel experiment are compared. In this research, power performance and flow field characteristics are discussed and the relationship between operating conditions and wind velocity are verified. These results provided a theoretical guiding significance to the development of VAWT simplified.     

风电场风机初步选型方法研究

市场上可供选择的风机种类众多,各类风机在性能、价格、维修及制造商服务等多方面都存在明显差异,因此在选择风机时有必要综合考虑多方面因素。鉴于工程上对风机作初步选型时采用的方法大多具有局限性,文章在确定影响风机选型的主要因素后提出一套风机初步选型方法,该方法根据拟建风电场的情况和设计人员的要求,综合考虑各因素后选出符合条件的风机。文章基于该选型方法将Visual Basic语言与Microsoft Access数据库相结合,开发出相应的选型系统,使整个选型过程更为方便、快捷。     

顺应新潮流 把握新趋势简

Mean wind force coefficients of nacelles are investigated by a wind tunnel test and are compared with those in current codes, such as the Germanischer Lloyd Guideline 2010 (GL2010) and Eurocode, in order to clarify the effects of the ground, presence of a hub, turbulence in the incident flow and nacelle length on these coefficients. Formulas for the mean wind force coefficients are proposed as a function of yaw angles. It is found that mean wind force coefficients of wind turbine nacelles specified in GL2010 are underestimated in comparison with those obtained by wind tunnel tests. Pressure measurements of a nacelle are also conducted. Notably, the mean pressure coefficients for design load case 6.2 (DLC6.2) are significantly larger than those for design load case 6.1 (DLC6.1) in IEC61400‐1. Maximum and minimum mean pressure coefficients are proposed for the DLC6.1 and DLC6.2 by the wind tunnel test, which are similar to those in Eurocode and are larger than those proposed in GL2010. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Global sensitivity analysis of wind turbine power output

The dynamics of wind turbine behavior are complex and a critical area of study for the wind industry. Identification of factors that cause changes in turbine performance can sometimes prove to be challenging, whereas other times, it can be intuitive. The quantification of the effect that these factors have is valuable for making improvements to both power performance and turbine health. In commercial farms, large quantities of meteorological and performance data are commonly collected to monitor daily operations. These data can also be used to analyze the relationship between each parameter in order to better understand the interactions that occur and the information contained within these signals. In this global sensitivity analysis, a neural network is used to model select wind turbine supervisory control and data acquisition system parameters for an array of turbines from a commercial wind farm that exhibit signs of wake interaction. An extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test is then performed for 2 years of 10‐min averaged data. The study examines the primary and combined sensitivities of power output to each selected parameter for two turbines in the array. The primary sensitivities correspond to single parameter interactions, whereas combined sensitivities account for interactions between multiple parameters simultaneously. Highly influential parameters such as wind speed and rotor rotation frequency produce expected results; the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test method proved effective at quantifying the sensitivity of a wide range of more subtle inputs. These include blade pitch, yaw position, main bearing and ambient temperatures as well as wind speed and yaw position standard deviation. The technique holds promise for application in full‐scale wake studies where it might be used to determine the benefits of emerging power optimization strategies such as active wake management. The field of structural health monitoring can also benefit from this method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开发风力发电设备的战略及途径分析

开发利用洁净能源和可再生能源,改善以煤炭为主的能源结构已成为我国能源建设实现可持续发展战略的重要措施。目前,国内外以风能力代表的新能源的开发利用方兴未艾。通过对国内外风电发展现状的调查研究及国内风电市场发展前景的分析与展望,提出发展风电制造业的一些具体措施,加速能源结构的调整。     

变桨距风力机叶片的气动优化设计

首先利用Wilson方法进行叶片的外形初步设计,然后以设计攻角作为变量,以额定风速下功率系数最大为优化目标,建立了1 MW变桨距风力机叶片气动外形优化模型,采用遗传算法进行了优化再设计。通过对3叶片1 MW风力机进行的气动性能评价结果表明,优化后的风力机具有更好的气动性能,说明采用该优化方法进行变桨距风力机设计具有明显的优越性。     

The concept of a smart wind turbine system

A smart wind turbine concept with variable length blades and an innovative hybrid mechanical-electrical power conversion system was analyzed. The variable length blade concept uses the idea of extending the turbine blades when wind speeds fall below rated level, hence increasing the swept area, and thus maintaining a relatively high power output. It is shown for a typical site, that the annual energy output of such a wind turbine that could double its blade length, could be twice that of a corresponding turbine with fixed length blades. From a cost analysis, it is shown that the concept would be feasible if the cost of the rotor could be kept less than 4.3 times the cost of a standard rotor with fixed length blades. Given the variable length blade turbine system exhibits a more-or-less linear maximum power curve, as opposed to a non-linear curve for the standard turbine, an innovative hybrid mechanical-electrical power conversion system was proposed and tested proving the feasibility of the concept.