Er3+2.79μm激光器转镜调Q系统的特性分析

当YSGG、GGG、GSGG、YAG、YLF作为基质材料时，Er3+的4I11/2 能级和4I13/2 能级之间能够跃迁产生2.7~3μm的激光，该波段激光在医疗、军事等方面有着重要的应用价值。在790nm泵浦光作用下，Er:YSGG作为工作物质可产生2.79μm激光。通过构建Er:YSGG能级跃迁的速率方程，对转镜调Q激光器的系统特性进行了理论分析，并在此基础上进行数值模拟，得出了在给定激光工作物质参数的情况下，系统的各个变量对转镜调Q激光器性能的影响。这些结论将为类似实验的设计和改进提供理论指导。     

Yb,Er,Eu:YAP中红外激光晶体的生长与光谱特性

用提拉法成功生长出3种不同掺Eu3+浓度的优质Yb,Er,Eu:YAP激光晶体,并对其光谱特性进行了研究。测量了晶体在320~3 000nm波段内的吸收光谱,晶体在978nm附近有强的吸收峰和宽的吸收带。用波长为975nm的LD连续激光和OPO光参量脉冲激光激发分别获得了晶体的稳态和瞬态荧光光谱,采用单指数衰减拟合得到2.7~3.0μm激光上下能级寿命。与单掺Er:YAP晶体的光谱参数进行了比较,对Yb3+的敏化及Eu3+的退激活机理进行了分析。结果表明,Yb3+和Eu3+可分别作为Er3+的敏化剂和退激活剂,增宽978nm附近的吸收带和降低激光下能级(4I13/2)与上能级(4I11/2)寿命的比值(4.1,3.1和2.7);而在单掺Er:YAP晶体,下能级与上能级寿命的比值高达10.8,不利于激光性能的提高。因此,Yb,Er,Eu:YAP是一种更适合LD泵浦,有望实现低阈值、2.7~3.0μm高效率激光输出的新型激光晶体。     

2.79μm Er,Yb:GSGG中红外激光器理论研究

稀土Er3+离子以其能级结构丰富、可产生多种辐射波长而受到广泛的研究,在4I11/2态和4I13/2态之间跃迁产生的辐射波长位于2.7～3μm范围内,中心波长2.79μm的激光由于其波长的特殊性,此类激光器在医疗、非线性光学以及军事等方面具有重要的应用价值。选择Er,Yb:GSGG作为产生2.79μm激光的增益介质,通过一组联立速率方程组可以精确地描述其激光特性,在Er3+-Yb3+能级跃迁结构图的基础上,构建了该能级跃迁速率方程理论模型,为研究光场与物质原子体系相互作用提供了有效的方法,且因其简单直观而广泛应用于激光器特性研究中。最后,在此模型基础上进行了一定的数值模拟。     

掺铒钼酸钙激光晶体的生长与光谱研究

以Na2MoO4为助熔剂,用助熔剂提拉方法生长了掺Er3+的CaMoO4激光晶体,测试了晶体的光学均匀性,研究了晶体的光谱性能,并对其吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行了分析。晶体在981 nm处的吸收截面为0.6×10-20cm2,在1538 nm处的发射截面为0.91×10-20cm2。Er3+:CaMoO4晶体可产生上转换荧光,在980 nm激发下可辐射峰值波长为532 nm和553 nm的绿光及670 nm的红光。光谱分析结果表明,Er3+:CaMoO4晶体可能成为潜在的1.5μm波段激光材料和上转换发光材料。     

高重频LD泵浦Er∶YSGG固体激光器

2.7~3.0 μm 激光器在医疗、军事等方面具有重要的应用价值,本文简单分析了Er∶YSGG晶体的能级结构以及激光特性,重点描述了采用968 nm LD泵浦Er∶YSGG晶体产生2.79 μm激光,在500 Hz的泵浦频率下获得最高功率14.3 W的2.79 μm激光输出,光光转换效率达到7.1 %,斜效率达到11 %,同时采用二氧化碲(TeO2)作为Q开关,实现10 W的脉冲输出,动静比达到70 %,脉冲宽度63.18 ns,这对于2.79 μm激光在中长波激光器中的应用具有重要意义。     

Er3 + /Yb3 + 共掺双包层光纤超荧光光源的实验研究

报道了基于双程后向单级泵浦结构的宽带Er3 + /Yb3 +共掺双包层光纤超荧光光源的 实验研究结果。采用980nm泵浦源,通过优化泵浦功率和光纤长度,在波长1550nm处,实验仅用1m Er3 + /Yb3 +共掺双包层光纤获得了30. 8mW的超荧光输出,泵浦斜效率为28% ,光谱3dB带宽为35nm。     

Yb:ZnWO4激光晶体的光谱特征

采用Czochralsk i法生长出光学质量较高的Yb:ZnWO4单晶,通过偏振吸收光谱、荧光光谱的测量计算出其吸收截面为3.0×10-20cm2、发射截面为2.0×10-20cm2和荧光寿命为1.15ms,并推导Yb3+的Stark分裂能级。实验表明,Yb:ZnWO4在近红外972nm处有强吸收峰,发射光谱是从914nm到1055nm的宽带,荧光寿命长,是一种新型LD抽运的可调谐激光晶体。     

Yb∶ZnWO_4激光晶体的光谱特征

采用Czochralsk i法生长出光学质量较高的Yb∶ZnWO4单晶,通过偏振吸收光谱、荧光光谱的测量计算出其吸收截面为3.0×10-20cm2、发射截面为2.0×10-20cm2和荧光寿命为1.15m s,并推导Yb3 的Stark分裂能级。实验表明,Yb∶ZnWO4在近红外972nm处有强吸收峰,发射光谱是从914nm到1055nm的宽带,荧光寿命长,是一种新型LD抽运的可调谐激光晶体。     

Ce3+离子对掺Er3+碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质的影响

研究了Ce3 + 对掺Er碲酸盐玻璃荧光光谱性质的影响 ,比较了不同的Ce3 + 掺杂浓度下Er3 + 离子荧光发光强度的变化 ,分析了Ce3 + 离子对Er3 + 离子作用的原理 ,应用经典方程计算了Er3 + 离子 4I1 1 / 2 能级的荧光寿命及其变化     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃的上转换低温特性研究

研究了低温下Er3+/Vb3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃在975 nm激光激发下的上转换光谱与温度的关系.通过上转换光谱测量观察到3处上转换荧光,它们依次为529 nm(2H11/2→4I15/2),546 nm(4S3/2→4I15/2)和669 nm(4F9/2→4I15/2),上转换绿光(546 nm)和红光(669 nm)荧光强度在80 K左右达到了最大值,与300 K温度下相比分别提高了2.198和1.556倍.而529 nm上转换绿光强度随着温度的降低逐渐减弱,直至消失.研究了4S3/2能级和2H11/2能级之间的粒子数分布与温度的关系,并通过理论模型拟合了实验测量的4S3/2能级和2H11/2能级之间的粒子数分布,测量了8～300 K温度范围下,4Sa/2能级和4F9/2的寿命和温度的变化关系以及通过高斯拟合研究了4S3/2能级和2H11/2能级Stark分裂与温度的关系.     

Evaluation of absorption and emission cross sections of Er-dopedLiNbO3 for application to integrated optic amplifiers

The polarization-dependent absorption and emission spectra of the ⁴I_13/2-⁴I_15/2 transition (λ~1.5 μm) in single crystal bulk Er:LiNbO₃ have been measured. Low-temperature (10 K) measurements of the Stark split energy levels of these two manifolds indicate at least two Er³⁺ sites. McCumber theory is applied to determine the Er:LiNbO₃ absorption and emission cross sections. These values are used to calculate the gain characteristics of Er:LiNbO₃ channel waveguides. Calculations indicate that a gain of 10 dB is achievable in a waveguide of several centimeters using ~20-mW pump power     

Gain and saturation intensity of the green Ho:ZBLAN upconversionfiber amplifier and laser

The gain and saturation intensity of the green Ho-doped fluorozirconate (ZBLAN) glass fiber amplifier and laser, pumped in the red (643 ⩽ λ_p ⩽ 649 nm; ⁵F₅ ← ⁵I₈), have been measured. For a 2.4-μm core diameter fiber 45 cm in length, the single-pass gain at 543.4 nm exceeds 12 dB for 90 mW of pump power at 643.5 nm. The saturation power for the ⁵F₄, ⁵S₂ → ⁵I₈ lasing transition was determined from gain measurements to be 970 ± 175 μW, which corresponds to a saturation intensity of 19.8 ± 3.5 kW · cm^-2 , and a stimulated emission cross section approximately one order of magnitude larger than theoretical estimates     

Continuous-wave laser action in Er3+:YLF at 3.41 μm

Continuous-wave laser emission at 3.41 μm from an erbium-doped LiYF₄ crystal (Er³⁺:YLF) at 77 K is demonstrated. Operation of this four-level laser is based on the Er^{3+ 4}F_9/2-⁴I_9/2 transition. An output power of 12 mW and a slope efficiency of 2% have been achieved     

Room-temperature CW laser operation at ~1.55 μm (eye-safe range)of Yb:Er and Yb:Er:Ce:Ca2Al2SiO7crystals

Room-temperature CW laser operation at 1.55 μm of Yb:Er:Ca₂Al₂SiO₇ (CAS) single crystal pumped at 940 nm and 975 nm has been achieved for the first time. Introduction of a third doping ion, Ce³⁺, decreases the Er ³⁺⁴I_11/2 excited-state lifetime and improves the laser properties. For Yb:Er:Ce:CAS single crystal, a maximum of 20 mW output power is produced for 285 mW absorbed power. With this material, a low threshold of 20 mW and a relatively high slope efficiency of ~5.5% are obtained. Preliminary results indicate possible improvement in the near future. Experimental threshold values and laser properties of CAS crystals with various compositions are in good agreement with calculations, performed using the rate-equations modeling. Comparison with a Yb:Er:phosphate glass laser is also presented     

Emission cross sections and spectroscopy of Ho3+ laserchannels in KGd(WO4)2 single crystal

The spectroscopic properties of Ho³⁺ laser channels in KGd(WO₄)₂ crystals have been investigated using optical absorption, photoluminescence, and lifetime measurements. The radiative lifetimes of Ho³⁺ have been calculated through a Judd-Ofelt (JO) formalism using 300-K optical absorption results. The JO parameters obtained were Ω₂=15.35×10^-20 cm², Ω ₄=3.79×10^-20 cm², Ω₆ =1.69×10^-20 cm². The 7-300-K lifetimes obtained in diluted (8·10¹⁸ cm^-3) KGW:0.1% Ho samples are: τ(⁵F₃)≈0.9 μs, τ( ⁵S₂)=19-3.6 μs, and τ(⁵F₅ )≈1.1 μs. For Ho concentrations below 1.5×10²⁰ cm^-3, multiphonon emission is the main source of non radiative losses, and the temperature independent multiphonon probability in KGW is found to follow the energy gap law τ_ph ^-1(0)=βexp(-αΔE), where β=1.4×10^-7 s^-1, and α=1.4×10³ cm. Above this holmium concentration, energy transfer between Ho impurities also contributes to the losses. The spectral distributions of the Ho³⁺ emission cross section σ_EM for several laser channels are calculated in σ- and π-polarized configurations. The peak a σ_EM values achieved for transitions to the ⁵I₈ level are ≈2×10^-20 cm² in the σ-polarized configuration, and three main lasing peaks at 2.02, 2.05, and 2.07 μm are envisaged inside the ⁵I₇→⁵I₈ channel     

Emission Regimes of a Green Er:YLiF4 Laser

We present an analysis of the emission regimes of an Er:YLiF₄ laser on the transition ⁴S_3/2 rarr ⁴I_15/2, under direct pumping and various upconversion pumping mechanisms. The analysis is based on the study of the steady-state solutions of a rate equation system. The thresholds of the various emission regimes are calculated. The influence of the pump mechanism and the excited-state absorption losses on the emission regime is discussed.     

Pump-induced refractive index modulation and dispersions inEr3+-doped fibers

A novel measurement system provides determination of pump induced phase shifts in erbium doped fibers with an accuracy of ~π/20. Using this system, a systematical analysis of the pump induced modulation of the refractive index and dispersions for a signal at 1550 nm and a pump at 980 nm is reported. The analysis contains measurements of pump induced refractive index changes as function of wavelength, pump power, and doping concentration. A model taking account of the contribution to the refractive index changes from optical transitions between ⁴ I_15/2 states and ⁴I_13/2 states in Er³⁺ yields good agreement to experimental results apart from a wavelength independent offset. The offset is interpreted to originate from high energetic optical transitions. The results show that for a large refractive index modulation, a short and highly doped fiber should be used with limited amplified spontaneous emission effect. In optical communication systems comprising erbium doped fiber amplifiers, a tradeoff between dispersion and amplification must be made     

Direct measurements of 4I11/2 terminal-levellifetime in Nd:YLF

Direct measurements of the ⁴I_11/2 terminal-laser-level lifetime of Nd:YLF after saturating a pumped sample with an impulse-like pulse are reported. Measurements of small-signal gain recovery at the 1047- and 1053-nm laser wavelengths in four different samples, as well as transient excited-state absorption from the terminal laser level, provide consistent values for this lifetime that average 21.6 ns with subnanosecond accuracy     

Spectral gain hole-burning at 1.53 μm in erbium-doped fiberamplifiers

Spectral gain hole-burning at λ₀=1.53 μm was observed in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier at temperatures between 4.2 and 77 K. The hole width was found to broaden with temperature for T ⩾20 K according to a T^1.73 law. From the data, the room-temperature homogeneous linewidth associated with the 1.531-μm transition in the ⁴I_13/2-⁴I_15/2 laser system was determined to be Δλ_h=11.5 nm for aluminosilicate fibers     

1.3-μm emission of Nd:LaF3 thin films grown bymolecular beam epitaxy

The 1.3-μm emission of Nd³⁺-doped LaF₃ thin films grown on LaF₃ and CaF₂ (111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy is reported. The waveguide behavior of the heteroepitaxial layers has been demonstrated and the refractive indexes measured. Guided spectra have been obtained from these layers using a prism-coupling technique. The 1.3-μm emission corresponding to the 4F _3/2→⁴I_3/2 transition has been characterized as a function of Nd³⁺ concentration and temperature. The relative efficiencies of different excitation bands were compared. The optimum concentration for Nd³⁺ dopant has been found to be about 1 at.%. A narrowing of the emission lines is observed in the homoepitaxial layers compared to the heteroepitaxial layers. The decay of the luminescence of the ⁴F_3/2 level measured at room temperature is similar for homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial layers