Homodyne optical phase locking of resonant cavity coupledsemiconductor lasers

Two confocal Fabry-Perot cavity coupled semiconductor laser diodes (CFP-LDs) have been constructed for optical phase-locking experiments. Their FM noise suppression characteristics were calculated and compared with measurements of FM noise using an optical resonator as the optical frequency discriminator (FM noise suppression ratio 39 dB). Spectral linewidth was measured and evaluated, and frequency drift of the heterodyne signal in the time domain (20 kHz/s), was also measured. A simple linearized model of the optical feedback system was used for the calculations. Using two CFP-LDs, homodyne optical phase-locking experiments were performed. The performance of the optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) was evaluated by measuring and calculating the phase error variance. The calculation took into account the actual power spectral density of FM noise of the lasers employed in the OPLL. The phase error variance, considering infinite bandwidth, is 2.26×10^-2 rad². Total phase-locked power concentration ratio of the slave laser in the OPLL was 97.7%     

Quantum theory of an internally phase-modulated laser--I

A rigorous quantum-mechanical treatment of the internally phase-modulated laser is performed in terms of traveling-wave modes of the quantized electromagnetic field. A detailed treatment of the modulation process is consistent not only with the phase-locked and FM behavior of the laser, but also describes the external (to the laser cavity) frequency shifting of phase-locked light and single-frequency ("super-mode") operation of the FM laser.     

Phase-Locked Array Laser Diodes (LDs) by Using $1times N$ Active Multimode-Interferometer (MMI)

$1times N$ active multimode-interferometer (MMI) laser diodes (LDs), with integrated phase-match region, are demonstrated as phase-locked array LDs. In general, the phase of output ports of MMI divider is not the same for all $N$ ports. This phase-mismatch leads to enormous excess loss inside the $1times N$ active MMI-LD cavity, which results in very low quantum efficiency or even no lasing. Therefore, we integrate the phase-match region, which can lead to regular lasing, without any enormous excess loss. The implemented 1$,times,$ 3 active MMI-LDs showed lasing with no enormous degradation of quantum-efficiency. Additionally, significant output power increase of 200 mW was observed, compared to the regular single stripe LDs fabricated simultaneously, with the phase-locked condition.      

The output power of a 6328-Å He-Ne gas laser

Expressions are derived for the output power of a gas laser in single-mode operation. This theory is then extended to multimode operation where the mode spacing is less than the pressure-broadened "natural" atomic linewidth. Using measured values for the linewidth and saturation parameters, these formulas are used to predict 6328-Å output power for a He-Ne laser as a function of laser gain, cavity loss, and output coupling. Experiments are reported which show good agreement with the theoretical predictions, and it is concluded that the theory presented here is adequate to describe the main features of the power output behavior of a 6328-Å He-Ne gas laser.     

Laser and spectral properties of Cr, Tm, Ho:YAG at 2.1 μm

The authors study the loss process in a uniformly pumped amplifier experiment. The impact of the loss mechanism on laser performance is discussed and its dependence on excited state density is considered. An extensive set of measurements was performed on flashlamp pumped YAG crystals doped with chromium, thulium, and holmium. Near-room-temperature laser operation on the 2.1 μm holmium transitions was characterized using a frequency selective resonator. Small signal gain and stored energy lifetimes were analyzed to determine the strength and dependence of loss mechanisms. The analysis of the thermal lensing experiments demonstrated a high degree of excess heat generation in this material     

A New Microwave Amplifier for Multichannel FM Signals Using a Synchronized Oscillator

Because of the excellent results of the noise-loading test on an IMPATT oscillator that is phase-locked to an external FM driving signal, a new microwave amplifier for multichannel FM signals using a synchronized oscillator is proposed. An IMPATT oscillator, injection-synchronized with an FM signal, is regarded as an amplifier and its noise characteristics for multichannel signals are evaluated with the noise-loading method as recommended by the International Radio Consultative Committee. The results show that when this oscillator satisfies the noise characteristics for 960 telephone message channels, it assures a gain of approximately 15 dB at 11 GHz, and in this sense, this oscillator can be regarded as an amplifier for multimessage channels. The degradation of SNR of this amplifier is less than 2 dB. This excellent result is obtained because of the following. In the video band, the modulation suppression of an FM driving signal in the injection-synchronized oscillator, such as the IMPATT, is very small, while the oscillator noise, which dominates the entire output characteristic, is considerably reduced by the synchronizing action of the oscillator. This amplification continues up to the high-frequency range in which this principle of operation applies.     

The POPOP dye vapor laser

We report a comprehensive study of the operation of a laser using the organic scintillator dye POPOP in the vapor phase. Laser operating parameters have been determined, and we describe tuning experiments which demonstrate an oscillation range of 25 nm. Gain measurements as a function of wavelength and time are reported for transverse pumping with the 337.1-nm output of a pulsed N2laser. The quantum efficiency has been measured as a function of temperature and pump wavelength, and a preliminary study has been made of the effect of buffer gases on the quantum efficiency and the gain. Spectral condensation measurements show 90 percent of the broad-band laser output can be obtained in a 1-nm band-indicating that even in a dilute vapor, the thermalization time of the laser levels isgg1ns. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results for the achievement of an electrically pumped dye vapor laser.     

FM noise and linewidth reduction in semiconductor laser weakly coupled to a single-mode fibre resonator

Optical feedback effects on spectral properties of an AlGaAs semiconductor laser weakly coupled to a single-mode fibre resonator with a Fabry-Perot transmission bandwidth of 15 MHz are reported. FM noise spectrum, linewidth and resonator output measurements are found to be in good agreement with theory.     

Lateral grating array high power CW visible semiconductor laser

A periodic, grating-like array of substrate grooves oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the laser provides a small periodic lateral thickness modulation of the active region of an MO-CVD-grown Ga1?xAlxAs laser producing phase-locked operation at 7680 ?. CW output powers as high as 138 mW/facet have been obtained.     

PSK optical homodyne detection using external cavity laser diodesin Costas loop

5-Gb/s optical PSK (phase-shift keying) homodyne detection experiments are discussed. In these experiments, the optical carrier is recovered by a Costas optical phase-locked loop using a multielectrode local oscillator (DFB) laser diode at 1.55 μm with a flat FM response. Although the beat linewidth of 80 kHz is broad compared to the loops in other phase-locked loop (PLL) experiments, phase locking with Costas loop is confirmed at 5 Gb/s by increasing the loop natural frequency. The receiver sensitivity is -42.2 dBm or 93 photon/bit for a 2⁷-1 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) in front of a 90° hydride     

Optically pumped CW dimer lasers

Bound-bound electronic transitions in simple molecules are generally suited to realize efficient multiline laser oscillation in the visible and ultraviolet spectral region. By means of optical excitation with argon and krypton lasers, CW laser oscillation could be obtained for various homonuclear diatomic (dimer) molecules such as Li2, Na2, K2, Bi2, S2, Te2, and I2, with emission of several hundred laser lines in the spectral range of about 400-1350 nm. The principles of these lasers and the general dependence of threshold and output power on temperature, pressure, length of vapor zone, and some other parameters is discussed. To achieve satisfactory CW operation, low quenching losses for the upper laser level population and a sufficiently fast relaxation of the population of the lower laser level are necessary. Under optimum operation conditions, efficiencies up to 15 percent, multiline output powers up to 400 mW, and single line-single frequency output powers up to 200 mW were achieved. These dimer lasers are three-level laser systems. In case of coherent optical excitation, two-photon or Raman-type processes contribute to the amplification process. Due to these mechanisms the forward direction is strongly favored and in a ring laser system spontaneous unidirectional oscillation is obtained. By means of a suitable three-level model, analytical and numerical calculations of gain profiles are performed and compared with experiments. These optically pumped molecular lasers are suited for various spectroscopic and kinetic investigations, for frequency standards or as simple and efficient systems to convert pump laser radiation into other spectral regions.     

激光干涉条纹辅助FTS干涉图数据采样

分析了傅里叶变换光谱仪测量对参考光源的要求,介绍了所研制傅里叶变换光谱仪的光学系统。应用电子学自动增益锁相环倍频技术处理稳频激光干涉图信号,获得了用于干涉图采样的外触发控制信号。选择锁相环８倍频处理实现了电子学信号模拟测量,并且实际测量了Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光管６３２．８ｎｍ波长的光谱。该电子学及光学辅助采样系统可以用于测量可见、紫外－真空紫外波段光源光谱。     

High-Power Single Transverse Mode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers With Monolithically Integrated Curved Dielectric Mirrors

We report the monolithic integration of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with curved dielectric mirrors. The laser structure has an InGaAs/GaAs gain region and incorporates a photoresist pattern fabricated on the substrate side. A dielectric distributed Bragg reflector is applied on the curved photoresist surface which provides sufficient optical feedback for laser operation. On-wafer measurements at room temperature show single transverse mode output powers up to 15.0 mW under continuous wave operation.      

大模面积双包层增益光纤优化设计

增益光纤的折射率和离子掺杂分布是决定光纤激光器输出功率和光束质量的重要因素,针对大模场光纤弯曲效应对模场面积和模场畸变的影响进行了数值分析,采用有限元方法计算了不同折射率和掺杂离子分布光纤的模场面积和增益系数。提出了高斯复合型折射率和掺杂离子分布的大模场增益光纤结构,该结构可有效提高增益光纤的增益系数和高阶模抑制系数,并具有较强的抗弯曲特性,较好的平衡了模场面积与抗弯曲特性的矛盾。根据计算结果设计了直径为65 m 的高斯复合型折射率和掺杂分布的增益光纤,在波长为1.064 m 的条件下,基模有效模面积达到1.17103 m2,基模相对增益系数和高阶模相对抑制系数分别达到0.58 和0.208 8,有效地提高了光纤激光器和放大器的输出光束质量。     

Theory of FM laser oscillation

The paper presents a detailed analysis of FM laser oscillation which includes the effect of arbitrary atomic lineshape, saturation, and mode pulling. Such oscillation is achieved by means of an intracavity phase perturbation, and is a parametric oscillation wherein the laser modes oscillate with FM phases and nearly Bessel function amplitudes. One principal idea is that of the competition between different FM oscillations. The effect of the intracavity phase perturbation is to associate a set of sidebands with each of the previously free-running laser modes. While the free-running laser modes experienced their gain from essentially independent atomic populations, the competing FM oscillations to a large extent see the same atomic population; and in cases of interest the strongest of these oscillations is able to quench the competing weaker oscillations and establish the desired steady state condition. Results of the analysis include the following: threshold and power output, amplitudes and phases of all sidebands, frequency pulling of the entire oscillation, time domain behavior, distortion, super-mode conversion efficiency, and effect of mirror motion. Results of numerical application of the theory to a number of specific cases are given.     

线性调频微波锁相环

本文介绍一种用在X波段、调频脉冲周期为1ms、脉宽为6s、幅度为7V,带宽宽于30MHz的微波固态源锁相环(简称线性调频微波锁相环)。锁相环用来稳定微波固态源振荡器产生的线性调频信号起始点的频率,使该点频率具有和5MHz晶振相同的高稳定度,这种环路与一般锁相环的工作状态不同,它是处在频繁的开关工作状态,这种环路具有最短的时延、最快的捕捉能力、较大的同步范围和良好的环路信噪比,在电路结构上,也作了特别考虑,该环路首次用在遥感系统中并取得了较好的结果,通过实际运用证明,该环路简单、可靠、输出功率大、性能优良。本文将着重介绍这种环路的工作特点和实现该环路所采取的一些特殊方法。     

Heterogeneous High-Performance Quantum-Cascade Laser Sources for Broad-Band Tuning

A heterogeneous high-performance quantum-cascade laser gain chip comprising two bound-to-continuum active region designs emitting at 8.2 and 9.3 $mu$m is presented. Its extrapolated gain spectrum has a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 350 cm$^{ - 1}$. Though a broad gain bandwidth invariably results in a reduced gain cross section, devices with a high-reflection coated back facet still lase continuous-wave (CW) up to a temperature of 50 $^{circ}$C and demonstrates output powers in excess of 100 mW at 30$^{circ}$C. Such high performance was achieved by designing the waveguide in a buried heterostructure fashion and epi-down mounting on a diamond submount, resulting in a thermal resistance of only 4.8 K/W. In pulsed mode, we reached a peak output power of 1 W at room temperature. Finally, in order to prove the usability for broad-band tuning, this chip was antireflection coated on the front facet with a residual reflectivity of $≪ {hbox {2.5}} times {hbox {10}}^{-3}$ and used in our external cavity (EC) setup operated at room temperature. In pulsed mode, we were able to tune the gain chip over 292 cm $^{-1}$, which is 25% of center frequency. In CW, we reached a coarse tuning range of 201 cm$^{-1}$ (18%) and an output power in excess of 135 mW at the gain maximum at 15$^{circ}$C. This gain chip enabled CW room temperature EC tuning with output powers in excess of 20 mW over 172 cm 相似文献   

免调试激光器研究新进展

介绍了免调试激光器的基本概念和广泛应用,总结了国内外关于免调试激光器的研究在实现激光器小型轻量化、多波长输出、改善大能量/高功率激光器光束质量方面的新进展,以及向双角锥棱镜谐振腔方向拓展应用研究的新动向。重点报道了角锥棱镜谐振腔在相干合成领域的最新进展,分别实现了角锥光纤激光器互注入相干合成和基于角锥固体激光器互注入相干合成,为实现高可靠、大能量/高功率、高光束质量激光输出提供了一个有效技术途径。     

基于Mach-Zehnder滤波的可调谐光纤激光器

() ()基金项目: 。摘要:为了实现高稳定性的可调谐激光输出,提出并设计了一种基于Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)滤波结构,结合Fabry-Perot(F-P)滤波器的可调谐掺铒光纤激光器,并对激光器的原理及实现方案进行理论分析和实验验证。所设计激光器系统的泵浦源工作波长为976 nm;长度5 m的掺铒光纤作为增益介质;采用全光纤M-Z结构进行滤波,并结合F-P滤波器实现单波长激光可调谐输出。实验中,通过调节F-P滤波器,在泵浦功率为60 mW时,实现了1547～1568 nm范围内单波长激光的稳定可调谐输出,波长调谐间隔小于1.7 nm,每个输出波长的边模抑制比均大于55 dB,线宽均小于0.1 nm。     

Rapid beam scanning using a mode-locked laser-driven laser array

A scheme for driving a laser-array with the spatially dispersed spectral components of a mode-locked laser to achieve very rapid (⩽1 ns) beam scanning is outlined. In the proposed scheme, the precisely-timed periodic pulse train generated by a mode-locked picosecond laser is used as the injection-locking source for the separate lasers of an uncoupled laser array. In a mode-locked picosecond laser, the time-varying gain or loss in the laser cavity forces the oscillating modes to be precisely equally-spaced spectrally and exactly phase-locked leading to a train of precisely-timed periodic short pulses in the output. The corresponding equally-spaced and phase-locked CW spectral components of a single mode-locked laser can be used as a source for locking the individual lasers oscillating in the fundamental spatial modes in an uncoupled laser-array for beam-scanning. The schematic of a conceptual proposal of such a system is presented, and the practical implementation of such a mode-locked-laser-driven laser array is considered