薄基岩煤层覆岩裂隙演化的分形特征研究

为研究特厚松散层薄基岩煤层上覆岩层在采动影响下裂隙的发育演化规律,结合赵固一矿11011工作面地质条件和开采技术条件,采用相似材料模拟试验模拟了覆岩裂隙演化的全过程,并利用分形几何理论研究了裂隙网络分形维数与工作面推进度、矿山压力、覆岩下沉、上三带之间的关系。研究结果表明:采动所形成的裂隙网络可以较好的表征岩体的结构特征;裂隙的形成、发育、扩展、分布具有较好的自相似性和分形特征,可以用分形维数描述裂隙网络的二维空间特征;裂隙网络分形维数随着开采宽度的增加而增加,但增加趋势逐渐减缓;分形维数与矿山压力、覆岩下沉之间呈非线性关系;分形维数可以较好的表征上三带裂隙发育特征.     

峰丛地貌下浅埋煤层开采覆岩裂隙演化规律研究

研究覆岩裂隙演变规律对贵州峰丛地貌下浅埋煤层的安全绿色开采具有重要的意义。针对贵州矿区峰丛地貌下浅埋煤层开采过程中覆岩裂隙演化特征，结合普洒煤矿实际工程地质情况，利用数值模拟与相似模拟实验，揭示了11013工作面推进过程中覆岩裂隙时空演化规律。结果表明：工作面推进50~100m，覆岩裂隙发育程度随推进距离呈上升趋势。工作面推进100~160m（地表属于下坡阶段），裂隙发育速度加剧，此时最大发育高度约108m，当推进155m左右时裂隙开始导通坡体；覆岩裂隙发育呈现孕育-扩张-闭合的演化特征，裂隙分布整体形态类似于斜梯形形状。研究结果能为类似地质条件下工作面绿色开采提供借鉴。     

浅埋深薄基岩煤层组开采采动裂隙演化及台阶式切落形成机制

探索浅埋深薄基岩煤层组开采采动裂隙演化对认识溃水溃砂通道形成机制具有指导意义。基于大柳塔矿地质条件,设计相似模拟试验,首采1-2上煤层,充分开采后再采1-2煤层。由此,揭示采动裂隙演化规律,指出上煤层采动碎胀作用明显,下煤层采动地表下沉线性增长明显。利用分形与逾渗理论定量评价了采动裂隙的演化特征。上煤层开采,根据周期来压特征,分维变化划分2个线性阶段。下煤层开采,非线性受控于上覆煤层引起的分维变化,分形维数将趋于一个稳定值。进一步揭示了采动裂隙逾渗概率随推进度的线性关系的,得到整个煤层组开采覆岩裂隙非线性演化的2个临界状态。研究了切落式破坏形成机制,提出了岩层板簧效应并分析了崩塌式切落特征,指出拉破坏是典型切落式台阶形成的主要原因。     

浅埋超大采高工作面覆岩裂隙演化及能量耗散规律研究

为研究浅埋超大采高工作面覆岩裂隙演化及能量耗散规律,以上湾煤矿为研究背景,基于相似模拟实验,数字图像处理、分形理论和数值模拟,分析了8.8 m超大采高工作面采动覆岩裂隙演化及能量耗散规律.研究表明:伪顶垮落到亚关键层阶段、亚关键层破断到主关键层阶段和主关键层破断到完全垮落阶段,关键层破断前后覆岩裂隙分形维数呈上升-稳定...     

近浅埋煤层重复采动覆岩裂隙发育相似模拟

为了得到近距离浅埋煤层重复采动对覆岩裂隙发育的影响,以神东集团石圪台矿为工程背景,利用相似理论进行相似模拟实验,通过对比单层煤开采与重复采动在矿压显现和移动破坏等方面的变化对覆岩裂隙发育进行分析,得出了近距离煤层重复采动对覆岩位移、矿压及裂隙演化的特征影响。结果表明:相比于单一煤层开采,重复采动覆岩裂隙明显增多,来压步距有所减短;覆岩达到最大下沉量位置更靠近开切眼一侧,为工程实践提供了一定理论基础。     

近距离煤层重复采动覆岩裂隙时空演化特征研究

采用相似材料模型试验,在上行和下行开采方式下,对近距离煤层重复采动覆岩裂隙的时空演化特征进行了研究.采用数字图像处理技术对覆岩裂隙进行了量化分析,并基于分形理论与信息熵,提出了采用裂隙分形维数、裂隙熵和裂隙率3个特征参数来反映裂隙状态.研究结果表明:随着煤层开采的不断推进,上行开采重复采动覆岩裂隙的裂隙熵和裂隙率具有相...     

基于分形理论的上覆煤岩裂隙发育规律研究

为研究近距离保护层开采上覆煤岩裂隙发育规律，以熊家湾煤矿C8和C9煤层为工程研究背景，基于分形理论和数值模拟技术分析近距离保护层开采上覆煤岩时裂隙发育和应力变化等特征。研究表明：C9保护层开采后，裂隙网络分形维数整体呈下降—上升—稳定趋势，表征上覆煤岩裂隙发育分为新生裂隙发育到顶板垮落压实、顶板垮落压实到压实裂隙发育和压实裂隙发育到整体稳定3个阶段；随着工作面推进，上覆煤岩的应力与裂隙网络分形维数变化整体相似，可用裂隙网络分形维数表征应力变化趋势；结合“三带”经验计算公式和数值模拟结果，得出裂隙发育高度为20 m左右，高于煤层间距，C8煤层裂隙发育。相关研究结果可为黔西地区相似地质条件上覆煤岩裂隙发育规律研究提供参考。     

浅埋煤层重复采动下覆岩运动及裂隙演化规律分析

为了更深入的解析浅埋煤层在重复采动下的覆岩运动规律,通过使用UDEC数值模拟方法,对山西某煤矿1#、2#煤层进行模拟开采,最终得出浅埋煤层重复采动下覆岩运动及裂隙演化规律,并通过二维物理相似模拟实验来验证,结果表明:1#煤层开采后,工作面初次来压步距为30 m,大约每开挖10 m形成一次周期来压,周期来压步距约为10 ...     

浅埋煤层群重复采动覆岩运移及裂隙演化规律研究北大核心

为了准确掌握单一煤层和煤层群开采覆岩裂隙演化规律及分布形态特征,通过物理相似模拟实验、现场钻孔勘探、理论计算等方法分析煤层开采过程中覆岩运移破断特征及采动裂隙的分布形态。结果表明:在重复采动条件下,覆岩出现离层裂隙和纵向裂隙并伴随超前裂隙的产生,形成“采空区-工作面”和“采空区-采空区-工作面”结构时,覆岩裂隙经历产生、扩张、闭合、再产生、贯通、再闭合等6个动态循环变化阶段;煤层群在一次采动时形成“梯形”裂隙区,二次及多次采动下,覆岩受上覆载荷作用,裂隙区向工作面两侧煤柱扩展,上煤层受本煤层边界煤柱和下煤层开采形成的“悬臂岩梁”支撑影响,使工作面两侧裂隙明显高于工作面中部,覆岩形成“M”形裂隙分布形态;覆岩受采动影响产生周期性破断,以单岩层或多岩层同时产生变形、运移、破断垮落,由此可见,覆岩中存在控制上部岩层的硬岩层和其控制岩层以组合梁的形式同步运移、破断。根据覆岩破断特征建立了基于Winkler弹性地基煤层群重复采动覆岩破断特征的组合岩梁力学模型,由模型计算得到覆岩裂隙演化高度和相似模拟实验及现场所测高度相近,由此表明,该模型可作为浅埋煤层群重复采动覆岩裂隙演化高度计算的依据。     

榆神府矿区双煤层开采覆岩破坏及地面沉降特征研究北大核心

为研究双煤层开采条件下浅埋煤层覆岩破坏特征及地表沉降规律,以榆神府矿区典型浅埋煤层地质条件为基础,采用数值模拟方法,分析了6种不同工况下双煤层开采时覆岩破坏与地表沉降特征,并用物理相似模拟实验加以验证。结果表明:浅埋煤层覆岩破坏方式为全厚切落,留煤柱开采时隔水层中采动破坏呈现“泥盖效应”,不留煤柱开采时采空区两侧形成离层裂隙发育区,裂隙沿采空区两侧上方呈约45°发展;煤层开采时地表呈台阶式下沉,随着工作面推进,地表沉降中心不断前移,隔水层重量对地面沉降的影响逐渐减小,煤层厚度与地表沉降值呈正相关性;煤层开采过程中存在应力集中现象,上覆岩层中垂直应力沿煤层开采方向依次出现应力集中区、应力卸压区和应力集中区。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586