The detection and mapping of algal blooms from space

Algal blooms change the colour of water through absorption by pigments and scattering by cells and associated detrital material. This paper gives a brief introduction, primarily using ocean colour imagery, to the use of satellite Earth observation measurements in detecting and mapping algal blooms. Two examples, using Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) imagery, show blooms within northern European waters.     

Thermal detection of buried landmines by local heating

A new concept for buried antipersonnel mine (APM) detection is proposed. The detection system is based on a focused heat source and a contactless thermometer mounted on a suspended carriage scanning the ground surface. Presence of heat diffusivity anomalies (mine candidates) is assessed from anomalies in the surface temperature measured after the local heating.

After describing the structure of the proposed system, and the physical functioning principles, we discuss a case study, based on numerical simulations, which proves the feasibility of the device.

Main advantages of the system proposed are the simplicity of the equipment (that is cheap to realize, and easy to use, maintain and repair), and power efficiency.     

Recognition technology for the detection of buried land mines

As described by Zadeh, recognition technology refers to systems that incorporate new sensors, novel signal processing, and soft computing. In this paper, we discuss these principles applied to the problem of land mine detection. We describe a complex recognition system that is evolving from basic research into a fielded system. Some components of this system have been field tested with excellent results, whereas other components have achieved such results in the laboratory. Fuzzy set-based information fusion algorithms are central to the excellent results obtained. Multiple-detection algorithms are applied to signals acquired from an innovative ground penetrating radar that produces volumetric sub-surface imagery. The outputs of the detection algorithms are combined using the fuzzy logic and Sugeno and Choquet fuzzy integrals to produce overall detection scores. Experimental results are provided on training data and on completely blind test data collected in the field and scored by the US Army     

New technique for detection and height estimation of buried metallic objects

A new technique for the detection and height estimation of buried metallic objects is developed. This technique is bused on the phase characteristics of both transmitted and received signals. A discrete Fourier transform via a fast Fourier transform algorithm is used to compute the phase characteristic. The height of the buried metallic object is estimated by detecting the transition frequency and measuring the phase difference between the transition frequency and the next frequency component in the spectrum of the received signal. Computer simulation studies show that this technique is efficient, reliable, and provides sufficient accuracy.     

Urban change detection and land-use mapping of Delhi

Today urban change detection is considered vital for monitoring the growth of an urban complex. Such a change detection system must essentially make use of the data available from conventional sources as well as that derived through remote sensing. In this study, which was conducted as an end-to-end experiment under the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) programme in India, an attempt was made to utilize this concept in monitoring the changes in Delhi, the capital city of India, during the period 1959-1980. The analysis was undertaken mainly on the basis of the data available in guide maps. The utility of aerial photography and LANDSAT imageries for such studies was evaluated. A simple digital urban information system was also developed.     

固体废物填埋场渗漏检测系统软件开发研究

针对基于分区采样、分区电极供电的填埋场实时渗漏检测系统的下位机系统,设计了一套基于RS-485串口通信,以Visual Studio 2010为开发平台,C#语言作为编程语言,SQL Server 2005作为底层数据库,Matlab6.5作为三维成图软件的上位机采集检测软件。用于实现系统基础数据管理,读取下位机采样值,并对采样数据进行直观的三维图形展示及泄漏预判分析。通过渗漏定位算法实现精确漏洞定位。     

FBG传感器在上埋式柔性涵管应变检测中的应用

在岩土工程领域,光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感技术的应用在工程检测中具有极大的优越性.阐述了FBG传感器的基本原理,通过对上埋式HDPE缠绕增强涵管采用FBG进行应变检测,将试验检测结果与数值模拟结果进行对比分析,发现FBG传感器具有精度高,抗干扰能力强,结构简单,且长期稳定性好,在岩土工程检测方面具有极大的应用与发展前景.     

River mapping from a flying robot: state estimation, river detection, and obstacle mapping

Accurately mapping the course and vegetation along a river is challenging, since overhanging trees block GPS at ground level and occlude the shore line when viewed from higher altitudes. We present a multimodal perception system for the active exploration and mapping of a river from a small rotorcraft. We describe three key components that use computer vision, laser scanning, inertial sensing and intermittant GPS to estimate the motion of the rotorcraft, detect the river without a prior map, and create a 3D map of the riverine environment. Our hardware and software approach is cognizant of the need to perform multi-kilometer missions below tree level with size, weight and power constraints. We present experimental results along a 2?km loop of river using a surrogate perception payload. Overall we can build an accurate 3D obstacle map and a 2D map of the river course and width from light onboard sensing.     

Land-use and land-cover mapping and change detection in Tripura using satellite LANDSAT data

In the present paper efforts have been made by the authors to study the changes in land use and land cover in Tripura using LANDSAT images of two different dates and to see how well data obtained help in the study of geographical phenomena with special reference to land use and land cover. The methodology for land-use mapping and limitations of LANDSAT data have been described in detail. The LANDSAT computer compatible tapes (CCTs) were analysed on the sophisticated interactive Multispectral Data Analysis System (MDAS) with the help of training sets of each category collected during field visits. Ninety per cent accuracy of these categories has been achieved when compared with existing data compiled on ground surveys by the working plan of the Division of Forest Department. The area of each land-use category was also calculated for monitoring land-use changes.     

Semantic-aided automation of interface mapping in enterprise integration with conflict detection

In enterprise integration, one of the most complex tasks is to map elements of various interfaces to each other. These interfaces often transport data in different ways. This means that some form of data transformation is needed. We present an approach where structural and semantic models of the interfaces can be used together to automate or semi-automate this otherwise tedious and error prone manual process. Some of the possible criteria for interface element mapping are shown, along with semantic conflicts and how they are detected and resolved. We also present a prototype tool, including an overview of its architecture, that enables us to test our approach and have a real-world runnable implementation that is deployable on an enterprise service bus runtime. Finally, we show how some of the steps in the mapping and conflict resolution process could be made configurable by the user, making the integration developer agnostic with respect to the technical implementation of the involved systems.     

Mixed model regression mapping for QTL detection in experimental crosses

This paper presents mixed model regression mapping (MMRM) as a method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in backcross and F2 data arising from crosses of inbred lines. It is related to interval mapping, composite interval mapping and other regression approaches but differs in that it tests for QTL presence in each linkage group before conditionally modeling QTL location.The three key ideas presented are to promote use of a Likelihood Ratio type of test for the presence of QTL in linkage groups before searching for QTL as a method of controlling false discovery rate, to present an alternative QTL profile to the LOD score for identifying the possible location of a QTL, and to promote the use of a local smoother to identify turning points in a profile based on evaluation at marker points rather than directly predicting all intermediate points.MMRM requires fitting a short series of models to locate and then evaluate putative QTL. Assuming marker covariates are allocated to linkage groups, MMRM first fits all the markers as independent random effects with common variance within the linkage groups. If there is no significant variance component associated with a linkage group, there is no evidence for a QTL associated with that group. Otherwise a QTL profile is predicted as a weighted sum of the marker BLUPs from which to postulate the most likely position of the QTL. A putative QTL covariate for that position is then calculated from flanking markers and added to the model. If this does not explain all the marker variance, the model is refined.Since MMRM is based on a linear mixed model, the model is easily extended to include extraneous sources of variation such as spatial variation in field experiments, to handle multiple QTL and to test for genotype by environment interactions. It is expounded using two simple examples analysed in the ASReml linear models software. Two simulation studies show that MMRM identifies QTL as reliably as but more directly than other common methods.     

基于特征映射的入侵检测预处理方法

在实际网络中,入侵数据包只占网络总流量的极少一部份.系统资源的消耗主要不是在对入侵包的检测,而是在对正常数据包的穷举匹配.针对这个问题本文提出一种基于特征映射和滑动窗口的预处理方法,通过对模式字符串集和位于数据包负载之上的滑动窗口的特征映射值进行比较,在保持低内存开销以及高匹配速度的同时,对网络数据包进行过滤.使得最后进行精确匹配的数据包集合中每个数据包负载都至少包含一个特征字符串,从而大大提高了入侵检测的效率.     

Plant detection and mapping for agricultural robots using a 3D LIDAR sensor

In this article, we discuss the advantages of MEMS based 3D LIDAR sensors over traditional approaches like vision or stereo vision in the domain of agricultural robotics and compare these kinds of sensors with typical 3D sensors used on mobile robots. Further, we present an application for such sensors. This application deals with the detection and segmentation of plants and ground, which is one important prerequisite to perform localization, mapping and navigation for autonomous agricultural robots. We show the discrimination of ground and plants as well as the mapping of the plants. Experiments conducted using the FX6 LIDAR by Nippon Signal were carried out in the simulation environment Gazebo, with artificial maize plants in the laboratory and on a small maize field. Our results show that the tested plants can be reliably detected and segmented from ground, despite the use of the low resolution FX6 sensor. Further, the plants can be localized with high accuracy.     

The LLE and a linear mapping

The locally linear embedding (LLE) is considered an effective algorithm for dimensionality reduction. In this short note, some of its key properties are studied. In particular, we show that: (1) there always exists a linear mapping from the high-dimensional space to the low-dimensional space such that all the constraint conditions in the LLE can be satisfied. The implication of the existence of such a linear mapping is that the LLE cannot guarantee a one-to-one mapping from the high-dimensional space to the low-dimensional space for a given data set; (2) if the LLE is required to globally preserve distance, it must be a PCA mapping; (3) for a given high-dimensional data set, there always exists a local distance-preserving LLE. The above results can bring some new insights into a better understanding of the LLE.     

Change detection using the Gramm-Schmidt transformation applied to mapping forest mortality

Coordinate scores of appropriately rotated multitemporal TM pixel vectors directly measure scene change. A successful transformation requires initial identification of a subset of multispectral space containing all unchanged pixel vectors, and subsequent definition of axes which measure the displacement of pixel vectors from this space. Carefully selected pixel vectors guide the Gramm-Schmidt orthogonalization process to produce such a transformation. A Gramm-Schmidt analysis of a multitemporal Thematic Mapper image of the Lake Tahoe Basin produces components which correspond to identifiable scene characteristics, are easily interpretable, and correlate highly with field measurements of conifer mortality.     

Optimal clustering based outlier detection and cluster center initialization algorithm for effective tone mapping

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The high dynamic range (HDR) imaging and displaying a wide range of imaging levels in the imaging industry is found in the world using devices with limited...     

The mapping of spectral coefficients and its application

A new geometric format, the r_j spectral coefficient map, is here introduced, the entries in which are the spectral coefficient values by which any combinatorial function may be defined. Although similar in outline to the classic Karnaugh map, the r_j map entries are each global parameters of the given function, unlike the discrete binary values plotted on a Karnaugh map. It is shown that the r_j map construction may readily be used to generate the spectral coefficient values for any given function, and to transform spectral coefficient values back to the conventional binary-valued domain. Further, all the known analysis and synthesis procedures using spectral data may be implemented in the map format, the geometrical layout of which provides a ready insight into the required coefficient relationships.     

The truth about texture mapping

The author describes how the unique configuration of the planet Uranus influenced him to take a close look at how the layout of a texture map in memory affects the performance of the rendering algorithm. A planet rendering program that calculates, for each occupied pixel on the screen, the latitude and longitude visible at that pixel, is described. It uses this latitude and longitude to index into a texture map to get a surface color. The actual texture color comes from bilinearly interpolating the texture colors at the four texture map pixels that surround that latitude and longitude. This, along with the shading calculations, gives the net color of the pixel. The use of virtual memory, handling page faults, tiling, and address generation are considered