一种改进的相干斑噪声抑制算法

研究了一种新的合成孔径雷达相干斑噪声抑制的算法.传统的噪声抑制和近年来的小波变换方法都有其不足之处,难以在高效降低斑点噪声的同时保持图像细节.结合增强Lee算法中的思想与小波算法用于抑制SAR图像中相干斑噪声,能够获得良好的效果,通过和现有的几种抑制斑点噪声的滤波算法进行定量的实验比较,主要的评价指标有斑点噪声指数,等效视数、平滑指数和边缘保持指数,由仿真结果可以看出算法具有较好的相干斑噪声抑制能力和边缘保持能力.     

侧扫声呐图像的3维块匹配降斑方法

斑点噪声是影响侧扫声呐图像质量的主要因素,降斑处理对侧扫声呐图像的判别与分析非常重要。针对侧扫声呐图像自身特性和斑点噪声分布特点,提出一种基于3维块匹配(BM3D)的降斑方法。根据海底散射模型,得到侧扫声呐图像斑点噪声的瑞利分布模型,然后通过高斯光滑函数幂变换将瑞利分布的噪声转化为高斯分布,通过对数变换将乘性噪声转变为加性噪声,再进行自适应的BM3D滤波,最后采用逆变换得到降斑图像。实验结果表明,该方法在降噪、边缘和纹理保持等方面均优于空间域、小波域、Curvelet域的一些降斑方法。     

基于形态Haar小波的SAR图像斑点噪声抑制方法

针对现有相干斑抑制算法不能在去除斑点噪声和保持图像边缘、细节信息之间做到很好的折中,提出了一种新的基于形态Haar小波变换的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像斑点噪声抑制方法。该方法首先对SAR图像进行二维形态Haar小波分解,图像的边缘、细节和纹理信息在低频子带中得到了更好的保留,噪声主要分布在高频子带;然后,根据各高频子带噪声的特点,分别对高频子带进行均值和中值滤波达到去除斑点噪声的目的;最后,再对低频子带和处理后的高频子带进行形态Haar小波精确重构得到去斑图像。实验证明:该算法不仅大大改善了原始SAR图像的画面质量,同时很好地保持了原始SAR图像的纹理特性和细节信息;该算法去斑性能指标总体优于传统的Lee滤波、Frost滤波、Kuan滤波和小波软阈值法。     

小波与双边滤波的医学超声图像去噪

目的：医学超声图像中的斑点噪声降低了图像质量并且限制了超声图像自动化诊断技术的发展。针对斑点噪声问题,提出了一种新型的基于小波和双边滤波的去噪算法。方法：首先,根据医学超声图像在小波域内的统计特性,在通用小波阈值函数的基础之上,改进了小波阈值函数。其次,将无噪信号的小波系数和斑点噪声的小波系数分别建模为广义拉普拉斯分布模型和高斯分布模型,利用贝叶斯最大后验估计方法得到了新型的小波收缩算法,利用小波阈值法对小波域内的高频信号分量进行去噪。最后,对小波域内的低频信号分量进行双边滤波处理,然后利用小波逆变换便得到去噪后的图像。结果：在仿真实验中,通过与其它7种去噪算法作对比,观察峰值信噪比(PSNR)等图像质量评价指标,结果表明本文算法的去噪效果优于其他相关算法。临床超声图像的实验结果进一步验证了本文算法的去噪性能。结论：本文提出了一种新型的去噪算法,实验表明本文算法能够很好地抑制斑点噪声,并且能保留图像病灶边缘等细节。     

基于冗余小波变换的医学超声图像去斑噪算法

医学超声图像中固有的斑点噪声严重降低了图像的可解译程度,影响了后续的图像分析和诊断。提出了一种基于冗余小波变换的超声图像去斑算法,首先对含斑图像进行对数变换,将乘性噪声变成加性噪声;再对转换后图像做冗余小波分解;在小波系数服从广义高斯分布的前提下,计算每个小波高频子带的贝叶斯萎缩阈值,利用软阈值方法修正小波系数。实验结果表明,该算法去斑性能优于传统的空间域滤波和正交小波阈值去噪方法。     

多义图像合成算法研究

提出了一种基于小波变换的多义图像合成算法。该算法首先通过视角来选择小波分解级对两幅目标图像进行小波分解,然后根据可选的小波融合规则和权值变量融合并重构出在两个视角下的多义图像;对小波算法与现有两种算法进行了分析比较,通过试验证明该算法合成的结果多义特性更好,合成图视觉效果醒目并充分保留原目标图像的色彩和细节特征。合成结果采取了均值降噪。     

A statistical and Wiener filtering algorithm based on the curvelet transform for SAR images

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images contain many kinds of noise. Speckle noise is multiplicative noise generated by the coherent imaging processes involved in SAR images and brings a great hindrance to the interpretation and application of SAR images, so it is considered the first major kind of noise in SAR images. SAR images also contain other incoherent additive noises generated by other factors, such as Gaussian noise, which are all considered the second major kind of noise. In order to reduce the impact of noise as much as possible, after an in-depth study of SAR imaging and noise-generating mechanism, curvelet transform principle, and Wiener filtering characteristic, a novel filtering method, here called the statistical and Wiener based on curvelet transform (SWCT) method is proposed. The SWCT algorithm processes two different kinds noise based on their properties. Specifically, it establishes a two-tiered filtering framework. For the first kind of noise, the algorithm uses the curvelet transform to decompose the SAR image and uses the statistical characteristics of the SAR image to generate an adaptive filtering threshold of the coefficients of decomposition to recover the original image. Then it filters every sub-band image at each decomposed scale and performs the inverse curvelet transform. The second kind of noise is directly filtered using the Wiener filter in the SWCT algorithm. Using the two-tiered filtering model and fully exploiting statistical characteristics, the SWCT algorithm not only reduces the amount of coherent speckle noise and incoherent noise effectively but also retains the edges and geometric details of the original SAR image. This is very good for target detection, classification, and recognition. Qualitative and quantitative tests were performed using simulated speckle noise, Gaussian noise, and real SAR images. The proposed SWCT algorithm was found to remove noise effectively and the performance of the algorithm was tested and compared to the mean filter, enhanced gamma-MAP (maximum a posterior probability) filter, wavelet transform filter, Wiener filter, and curvelet transform filter. Experiments carried out on real SAR images confirmed that the new method has a good filtering effect and can be used on different SAR images.     

Fast extraction of wavelet-based features from JPEG images for joint retrieval with JPEG2000 images

In this paper, some fast feature extraction algorithms are addressed for joint retrieval of images compressed in JPEG and JPEG2000 formats. In order to avoid full decoding, three fast algorithms that convert block-based discrete cosine transform (BDCT) into wavelet transform are developed, so that wavelet-based features can be extracted from JPEG images as in JPEG2000 images. The first algorithm exploits the similarity between the BDCT and the wavelet packet transform. For the second and third algorithms, the first algorithm or an existing algorithm known as multiresolution reordering is first applied to obtain bandpass subbands at fine scales and the lowpass subband. Then for the subbands at the coarse scale, a new filter bank structure is developed to reduce the mismatch in low frequency features. Compared with the extraction based on full decoding, there is more than 72% reduction in computational complexity. Retrieval experiments also show that the three proposed algorithms can achieve higher precision and recall than the multiresolution reordering, especially around the typical range of compression ratio.     

Image denoising algorithm via best wavelet packet base using Wiener cost function

A new cost function, namely, the Wiener cost function, is introduced to find the best wavelet packet (WP) base in image denoising. Unlike the existing entropy-type cost functions in image compression, the Wiener cost function depends on both sparseness of image representation and noise level. Combining the Wiener cost function and the doubly local Wiener filtering scheme, a new image denoising algorithm is proposed using the best wavelet packet bases. Owing to unknown true image in denoising, a pilot image with less noise is required to find the best wavelet packet base, which is obtained by the existing denoising algorithms. From the pilot image, the best 2D wavelet packet tree is searched in terms of the Wiener cost function and the energy distributions of the image in the best wavelet packet domain are also estimated. Further, the image is recovered by applying the local Wiener filtering to the best wavelet packet coefficients of the noisy image. The experimental results show that for images of structural textures, for example 'Barbara' and texture images, the proposed algorithm greatly improves denoising performance as compared with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.     

一种基于小波变换和自适应滤波的图像拼接算法

图像拼接技术其关键在于解决拼接图像配准问题,以及如何针对多幅相关图像,进行无缝接合形成连贯的没有拼接痕迹的图像.本文针对上述问题,提出了一种算法.首先对小波域的图像信息采用灰度相关法进行匹配搜索,使用RANSAC算法对匹配点进行提纯;然后在小波域生成自适应滤波器,并在图像的拼缝处作滤波处理,得到拼接后的小波系数矩阵;对小波系数矩阵进行小波逆变换还原图像.实验结果表明:在小波域对图像进行拼接,而且在接缝处根据两幅图像的自身信息进行自适应滤波(即时改变滤波器形态),故它很好地平滑了拼接中出现的接缝.     

基于噪声模型和特征联合的PS图像与隐写图像检测

为了有效区分PS图像(经过常见图像处理操作得到的图像)和隐写图像,提高隐写检测的正确率,该文分析了隐写和PS这两类操作不同的噪声模型,并给出了一类基于图像噪声模型和特征联合的检测算法.该算法基于小波分解和小波滤波,分别得到待检测图像的小波系数子带和噪声小波系数子带,从这两类子带中分别提取直方图特征函数绝对矩,并将这两部分统计矩联合作为特征,最后采用BP神经网络分类器进行图像分类.在特征选取方面,文中对两类常用典型特征:概率密度函数矩和特征函数矩,基于高斯分布模型证明了对噪声小波子带系数,提取特征函数绝对矩优于概率密度函数绝对矩.基于LSB、LTSB、SLSB、PMK等隐写图像和锐化、对比度增强、添加标签等类型PS图像的实验表明:该算法能够有效区分原始图像和非原始图像,并能对PS图像和隐写图像进行较为可靠的分类检测.     

基于灰度形态学与小波相位滤波的高分辨率遥感影像边缘检测

为了更好地获取高分辨率遥感影像的边缘信息,提出一种新的影像边缘检测方法。该方法首先利用主成分分析(PCA)变换获取影像的主要信息;然后采用symletsA小波对其进行分解,并用形态学算子对各尺度影像进行处理;最后利用小波相位滤波算法在同一尺度上进行相关性滤波以增强图像边缘,并通过OTSU算法进行分割获取其边缘信息。结果表明：与现有算法相比,该方法对边缘的定位更加精确,边缘检测效果更加明显。     

Filtering high-resolution hyperspectral imagery in a maximum noise fraction transform domain using wavelet-based de-striping

Ever improving technology and computer processing power and decreasing cost have made hyperspectral image acquisition and analysis affordable in many applications. Hyperspectral images, acquired normally using pushbroom sensing systems, are tainted with noise and nonperiodic stripes. Few methods, including wavelet-based ones, have been proposed for reducing nonperiodic stripes from multispectral images; there are even fewer studies dealing with nonperiodic stripes in high-resolution hyperspectral images. Applying de-striping filters directly to individual hyperspectral image bands can be computationally inefficient and complicated considering the large number of bands in this type of image. This article compares the performance of wavelet-based de-striping algorithms as applied on high-resolution hyperspectral imagery. The algorithms are implemented directly on individual bands in the image domain and on selected bands in the image maximum noise fraction (MNF) transform domain. Two wavelet-based de-striping algorithms were tested and compared. The first algorithm eliminates wavelet detail components in the striping direction, while the second algorithm adaptively filters these components.

The filtering methods are evaluated through visual and quantitative assessments. Quantitative assessment is performed by analysing the autocorrelation coefficient and signal-to-noise-ratio. The results show that images filtered in the MNF domain are superior in reducing stripes and noise while retaining the image information and without introducing distortions. The technique is computationally effective through filtering fewer bands, which reduces the need for filtering parameter determination and fine tuning. Visual and quantitative assessments also show that adaptive filtering of wavelet components is better than eliminating entire components due to the retention of image content.     

λ-WMAP: a statistical speckle filter operating in the wavelet domain

In this paper we introduce the Γ-WMAP filter, a wavelet based equivalent to the classical Γ-MAP filter. We model speckle as additive signal-dependent noise, and propose to use the normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution as a statistical model for the wavelet coefficients of both the reflectance image and the noise image. A method for estimating the parameters of the proposed statistical models is presented, and we show that the NIG distribution makes excellent fits to the distributions of the wavelet coefficients of single-look synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The performance of the Γ-WMAP filter is tested on three single-look SAR images. We find that when the filter is used in a global mode it may severely blur the image. However, when applied in a local, adaptive mode the new algorithm has excellent de-speckling performance. Visual comparisons with the Γ-MAP filter show that Γ-WMAP tends to give better de-speckling. Quantitative comparisons in homogeneous regions using both the equivalent number of looks and the log standard deviation as measures definitely show that the Γ-WMAP gives better speckle filtering.     

改进的多尺度域变步长自适应算法在FOCT中的应用研究

为了更有效的提高光纤电流互感器FOCT(Fiber-Optical Current Transformer)的信噪比,在分析FOCT输出信号特性的基础上,结合变步长自适应算法和小波变换理论,提出一种针对处理FOCT输出信号的改进多尺度域变步长自适应滤波算法,并设计了一种基于ActiveX技术的变步长自适应滤波系统,通过该系统将改进算法与现有的变步长自适应算法进行了对比,结果表明此算法的收敛速度和稳态精度都得到了很大的改善.然后将此算法在FOCT中进行了应用测试,测试结果反映了该算法能有效提高FOCT的检测信噪比和抗噪声干扰能力.     

自适应的图像组合降噪

BayesShrink是小波收缩降噪最好的算法之一,而WienerChop方法则是利用小波域维纳滤波改进了VisuShrink算法。为了更好地滤除噪声,研究了WienerChop组合BayesShrink进行降噪的方法。实验表明,该组合算法优于WienerChop和BayesShrink算法,其可产生更低的均方误差和更高的信噪比。它不仅综合了WienerChop和BayesShrink两种算法的优点,而且改善了WienerChop算法的过光滑和BayesShrink算法残留较多噪声的问题,同时可获得视觉上更为愉悦的降噪图像。     

基于小波域隐马尔可夫树模型的超声图象贝叶斯去噪

提出了一种新的医学超声图象去噪方法 .首先 ,原始超声图象经对数变换 ,其乘性散粒噪声变为了加性噪声 ;然后再经小波变换后 ,基于隐马尔可夫树模型 ,应用贝叶斯方法去除加性噪声 ;最后 ,经小波反变换和指数变换恢复去噪后的原始超声图象 .测试结果表明 ,此方法在有效去除噪声的同时 ,能保留原始图象的细节边缘 .针对超声图象还对几种去噪算法作出定性比较 ,并对去噪性能给出定量分析 ,实验结果表明 ,该方法是可行的     

高分辨率合成孔径雷达图像高速公路检测法

针对高分辨率合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中高速公路的特征,提出了一种结合多级非线性加权平均中值滤波和Hough变换的高速公路检测算法。该算法首先对原始高分辨率SAR图像进行多级非线性加权平均中值滤波,抑制斑点噪声,同时较好地保留图像的几何特性。然后对滤波后的图像进行Hough变换快速检测高速公路,并将检测到的高速公路信息叠加到原始SAR图像上显示。实验结果证明该算法能快速、有效地从不同工作模式下取得的高分辨率SAR图像中检测到直线高速公路。     

Unsupervised change detection in SAR images based on frequency difference and a modified fuzzy c-means clustering

Change detection for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is a key process in many applications exploiting remote-sensing images. It is a challenging task due to the presence of speckle noise in SAR imaging. This article investigates the problem of change detection in multitemporal SAR images. Our motivation is to avoid using only one detector to measure the change level of different features which is usually considered by classical methods. In this article, we propose an unsupervised change detection approach based on frequency difference in wavelet domain and a modified fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. First, the proposed method extracts high-frequency and low-frequency components using wavelet transform, and then constructs high-frequency and low-frequency difference images using different detectors. Finally, inverse wavelet transform is carried out to obtain the final difference image. In addition, inspired by manifold structure constraint, we incorporate weighted local information into the FCM to reduce the influence of speckle noise. Experimental results performed on simulated and real SAR images show the effectiveness of the proposed method, in terms of detection performance, compared with the state-of-the-art methods.     

SAR图像相干斑抑制研究进展

相干斑抑制是SAR图像处理领域的研究热点之一,也是SAR图像解译和应用中的关键步骤,因此SAR图像的相干斑抑制算法具有重要的研究价值。在简要介绍SAR图像相干斑的产生机理和数学模型的基础上,综述了国内外相干斑抑制的最新研究成果,重点分析了空域滤波和变换域滤波两类方法。从算法的可行性角度出发,分析了几种具有代表性的相干斑抑制方法及其优缺点,总结了常用相干斑抑制效果评价指标,最后对今后工作方向进行了展望。