多尺度绿地景观格局对滞蓄能力的影响研究

城市绿地系统作为构建城市海绵系统中的重要组成要素,通过优化绿地景观格局以提升城市整体滞蓄能力的方式更符合可持续发展的要求.以沈阳市三环内建成区为研究范围,利用景观格局指数方法,对城区、场地2个研究尺度的绿地景观格局进行评价,并利用相关性分析与回归分析等数理统计方法对2个研究尺度的绿地景观格局与内涝风险之间的关系进行分析...     

基于GPS数据与空间统计的城市森林公园 景观偏好研究

城市森林公园拥有良好的自然资源,能承载各种游憩活动,为市民带来多种益处。以上海共青森林公园与炮台湾森林公园为例,利用GPS设备每隔10s采集一次游客的地理坐标位置,并应用栅格密度、标准差椭圆与热点识别3种空间统计方法分析相关空间位置点,识别受游客喜爱的游憩场地与景观空间类型。结果表明:游客在2个森林公园中的分布并不均匀,共青森林公园西部与炮台湾森林公园南部吸引了大量游客;最吸引游客停留的区域包括儿童游乐设施区、广场、大草坪、烧烤区和滨江区域。最后,根据分析结果,对森林公园的规划设计与管理提出了相应建议。     

绿色建筑技术在景观设计中的应用——以广东省天鹿湖森林公园入口区设计为例

绿色建筑近年来在我国得到较大的关注与发展,绿色建筑的技术也日趋成熟。本文结合广东省天鹿湖森林公园主入口区规划设计的实践个案,主要从场地设计、构造处理两个方面对绿色建筑技术在景观设计中的应用进行介绍,并对该次设计实践进行反思,以期起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

滨水空间视觉景观舒适度评价研究——以上海市“一江一河”为例

城市滨水区品质提升对上海建设全球城市意义重大。既有滨水区品质评价研究主要基于人与自然环境的主动互动视角,而基于视觉感知的人与自然环境被动互动视角的研究尚未系统展开。基于街景分析技术,构建滨水空间视觉景观舒适度评价体系,对上海“一江一河”滨水空间进行视觉景观舒适度评价。研究发现,上海 “一江一河”滨水空间视觉景观舒适度的空间分异现象显著,线性滨水空间的连续性有待提升。由此以期为城市高品质发展和精细化管控提供技术支撑。     

Senses of Place,Senses of Time: Landscape History from a British Perspective

Abstract

A vast and varied literature exists on the history and archaeology of vernacular landscapes, yet still heritage ‘value’ is often weighted towards the extravagant landscapes created by powerful elites. This article is concerned to bring the wealth of historic landscape and archival research closer together with recent theoretical writing on landscape and dwelling, by focusing on the early modern period in particular. Recent theoretical approaches open up creative space for thinking through the archival material and invites landscape historians to think in terms of movement and dwelling as essential to understanding landscape at the human scale. As this article attempts to show, this is by no means a one-sided dialogue; rather historical landscape research can inform theoretical work in new and productive ways. Bridging the gaps between research areas has the potential to enrich our understanding of everyday landscapes as heritage, created by ordinary people going about their day-to-day activities. The paper argues for the importance of recasting mundane, commonplace features of the landscape—roads, fields and boundaries—as an essential part of our social and cultural landscape heritage. Read in this light, the archival sources suggest that the meanings afforded to the extant remains of the past in the landscape were made through intangible heritage practices, customs, memories, naming, rituals and performances by ‘ordinary’ people.     

城市居住环境植物景观特征对老年群体 社交行为影响研究——以上海虹口区为例

居住区绿地是城市公共绿地的重要组成部分,也是 老年群体使用最频繁的绿地。研究居住区绿地植物景观特征对 老年群体社交行为的影响,对居住区绿地景观设计具有一定的 理论和现实意义。选取上海虹口区的3个居住区绿地进行问卷 调查,结合SPSS统计与贝叶斯网络模型,来综合探索植物景 观的观赏特征与老年群体社会交往行为的相关性。结果表明： 在居住区绿地中,植物景观的植物色彩是对老年人社交活动影 响最大的因子,而植物体量因子对其影响次之。以期为居住区 绿化的服务功能研究提供一定借鉴。     

Influence of Built Heritage on Sustainable Development of Landscape

The concept of sustainable development has influenced the evolution of many scientific and practical activities. An application of this concept to landscape, as a product and a field of interaction of human and natural processes, is possible and necessary. It is evident that concepts of landscape and cultural heritage are closely interrelated: cultural heritage can obviously exist in a landscape and influence it as well as landscape can be treated as cultural heritage. The interrelationship between these concepts makes possible the search for links between cultural heritage and sustainable development of landscape. Built heritage, the abundant category of cultural heritage encompassing historic buildings, their ensembles, and other structures, has an indisputable influence on landscapes and is crucial for their sustainable development. In order to determine the influence of built heritage on sustainable development of landscape, four main dimensions of sustainability representing the integration of human and natural processes (i.e. cultural, economic, environmental, and social) are distinguished and analysed in this paper.     

How to Evaluate and Forecast Changes in Landscape Image: The Case of a Small River Valley in Poland

River valleys play a key role in functioning landscape systems on a regional and continental level. Their ecological and cultural functions have developed simultaneously for centuries, creating a unique composition. Cultural heritage has grown from natural heritage and has enriched it wonderfully. However, river valleys have become areas of particularly intense human pressure for approximately the last two centuries, but especially over the last half century; changes occurring in the landscape are more and more drastic. The analysis and evaluation of these changes can therefore be a good indicator and predictor of changes that occur in the environment of entire (regional and transregional) landscape systems. This paper presents the method and results of landscape studies based on the sequence: retrospection—diagnosis—variant prognosis. The aim of the present work was to attempt to answer questions concerning the future direction of the development landscape physiognomy of small river valleys.     

蓝绿空间景观格局对城市热岛的影响

城市热岛是城市环境中的典型问题。景观指数影响范围的空间异质性很少被理解。为了解决这个问题,拟采用多尺度地理加权回归模型(MGWR)来分析景观指数,归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)与地表温度(LST)之间的相互关系。结果显示,和普通最小二乘法回归和地理加权回归相比较,MGWR揭示了不同景观指数的空间影响尺度,具有更接近真实值的拟合效果。增加绿地和水体景观百分比及NDVI能够很好地缓解LST,其他景观指数则与LST的关系在不同的位置呈现正或负相关,需在特定位置进行优化才能有效地缓解LST。总的来说,形状简单且聚集分布的较大绿地斑块和形状复杂且较小的绿地斑块,以及在大多数情况下形状复杂、连通性强的水体景观更利于缓解LST。     

Landscape Construction of Urban Waterfront Environment

Urban waterfront landscape is the most vital landscape form in a city, the most quality urban green line, and also an ideal habitat corridor. Urban waterfront landscape belt has inborn lasting attractiveness for urban citizens. Considering needs of urban development, development and redevelopment of waterfront areas have been initiated in many cities to meet relaxation and leisure needs of citizens. This paper analyzed landscapes of urban riverfront environment, embankment landscape engineering, and waterfront plant cultivation, so as to further explore landscape construction of urban waterfront environment.     

基于遥感反演的三维绿量景观格局对 气溶胶的影响

气溶胶污染对人居环境健康构成了严峻挑战,绿地是缓解气溶胶污染的重要有机生命体。既往研究集中于二维形态绿地与气溶胶的相关研究,对三维绿量景观格局与气溶胶空间规律的定量化研究很少。基于遥感影像提取AOD数据并结合三维绿量模型得到三维绿量,并计算三维绿量景观指数,然后运用相关分析和回归分析定量探讨了两者的相关和回归规律,进而基于地理加权回归探讨了两者的空间规律特征。研究揭示了：1)CA、PLAND、LPI、COHESION、AI的增加对降低气溶胶浓度具有核心作用,PD、LSI的增大对气溶胶浓度增加具有核心的促进作用;2)气溶胶与各指数因子都属于非线性关系,CA、PLAND、LPI与气溶胶浓度呈反比关系,而PD、LSI与气溶胶浓度呈正比关系,三维绿量调控气溶胶浓度的协同作用规律模型为Y=1.154 7-0.000 1CA-0.007 2PLAND+0.029 1LSI;3)缓解气溶胶污染的三维绿量核心景观指数为CA、PLAND、LSI,其阈值分别为602、87.61和4.56,并提出阈值调控策略。旨在为风景园林规划设计提供参考。     

基于遥感反演的绿色空间景观格局对 气溶胶污染的影响

气溶胶对人类的生命健康具有重要影响,绿色空间 被认为是缓解气溶胶污染的重要生态设施。既往研究集中于单 个污染因子与土地利用的相关研究,但对绿色空间景观格局与 综合空气污染物空间规律的定量化研究较少。以武汉市为例, 基于遥感影像,利用ENVI、ArcGIS提取绿地和AOD数据, 运用Fragstats计算绿色空间景观指数,从统计学规律和空间 分布规律两方面研究了绿地景观格局与AOD的关系。研究发 现：1)绿色空间景观指数和AOD都具有显著的空间集聚特 征;2)绿色空间景观格局缓解气溶胶污染的核心景观指数指标 为CA、PLAND、LPI、COHESION、AI;3)基于地理加权 回归的绿色空间核心景观指数对AOD浓度分布影响具有空间 差异。提出了绿色空间核心景观指数缓解气溶胶污染的调控策 略,旨在从缓解气溶胶污染角度出发,为绿色空间类生态规划 设计等提供参考,为人居健康环境和公共卫生安全建设提供理 论依据。     

Habitat Suitability and Landscape Structure: A Maximum Entropy Approach in a Mediterranean Area

Species distribution models have recently become important tools in ecological research. Prediction of suitable habitats for threatened and endangered species is essential for the conservation and management of their native habitats. A landscape scale approach is relevant for biodiversity conservation since landscape planning and management are generally conducted at wide spatial scales, focusing on areas with complex landscape configuration as a consequence of human activities. The aims of this study were to test a maximum entropy approach (Maxent) to the development of a niche-based model for species of conservation interest and to relate this model to landscape structure metrics. The results obtained here showed a good predictive power of Maxent for the three target species and highlighted the importance of landscape structure analysis for the detection of patterns of habitat suitability. Moreover, this work stressed that combining classical environmental information with landscape structure in analysing habitat suitability for species of conservation interest may be used to guide conservation efforts and landscape management practices.     

华南地区人居环境高功效植物景观设计与实践

以华南地区人居环境适用的观赏植物筛选及高功效绿化配置技术研究成果为科学依据,把研究成果转化应用到植物景观工程设计上,在市政公园、居住小区、城市道路、政府办公环境等项目中进行高功效植物配置的实践,为华南地区建设高功效生态绿地作了有益的尝试,为植物景观设计提供了另一种思路和方法.     

自然景观旅游区的建筑设计——以广东南昆山十字水生态度假村为例

自然景观旅游区建筑必然与旅游和环境产生关系,它既与自然环境密切相关,也与旅游活动密切相关。该文通过对十字水度假村建筑设计与建筑使用情况的剖析,分别阐述了旅游对自然景观旅游区建筑的需求分析,环境对自然景观旅游区建筑的需求分析,以及建筑自身的需求分析,尝试得出自然景观旅游区建筑设计中,建筑与旅游、环境共生的一些具有指导性意义的设计原则。     

Landscape Degradation Modelling: An Environmental Impact Assessment for Rural Landscape Prioritisation

Landscape Degradation Assessment (LDA) of rural areas can play a crucial role in landscape planning. Japan lacks quantitative and cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) methodologies, especially in the area of LDA. Although a decision support system is in place for very large projects (Class-1) in Japan, EIAs for much smaller projects are non-existent, which often results in ambiguity with regard to environmental problems. To improve the transparency of the decision-making process for rural landscape planning, increase the scale of the assessment of project size to a more strategic local level, and enhance effective communication with decision-makers, a new EIA procedure is proposed with the development of a Landscape Degradation Model (LDM) for rural areas in Japan. The procedure is based on the equation, L_D=Σ kI/V, where L_D represents the degradation coefficient of the landscape compartments, Σ kI represents the cumulative impact of human activities, and V quantifies the vulnerability of a habitat. The value of L_D provides a means for supporting decisions aimed at the quantitative prioritisation of working units and developing respective conservation plans. This methodology is a holistic approach to rural landscape reclamation decision support systems where these LDM findings are geared toward sustainability appraisal and where integrated assessment of the economics of a proposal is recommended.     

奥林匹克森林公园景观规划设计

奥林匹克森林公园围绕"通往自然的轴线"理念展开规划设计,将"城市的绿肺和生态屏障、奥运的中国山水休闲后花园、市民的健康森林和休憩自然"作为设计目标,以丰富的自然生态系统、壮丽的传统山水园林景现终结北京的城市中轴线,力求达到中国传统园林意境、现代景观建造技术,环境生态科学技术的完美结合.     

以景观生态学为导向的大学校园规划设计

山东淄博职业学校校区规划以景观生态学为导向,以网格划分斑块,将大型的绿色斑块与水体斑块集中布置在校区中心,形成“绿色中心”,并围绕其布置教学区、生活区,以院落与景观轴线组成生长模式．满足大学校园的有机生长要求。     

Planning and the Challenges of the Metropolitan Landscape: Innovation in the Netherlands

The physical appearance of the Netherlands is rapidly changing. The land of prosperous towns and villages embedded in rich, flat and open agricultural land is turning into a metropolis. A distinctive quality of this metropolis is the mix of highly urbanized centres and open, green areas that come in different shapes and sizes. But how to design an appropriate planning system for this environment? Mixing “red” (urban) and “green” (rural) land uses, for instance, now becomes problematic as Dutch spatial planning has always focused primarily on the urban domain whereas planning of green areas has its origins in agricultural land consolidation policy. A genuinely integrated approach to the planning of built-up areas and green areas in the open spaces is a distant ideal in this setting. In addition, the regional administrative level, being so important for metropolitan spatial challenges, needs reinforcing. The authors make a plea for a reframing of the notion of spatial planning at the national and provincial geographical and administrative scale. It takes a new object for planning, design and analysis to do the trick. The traditional rural–urban opposition is traded for “metropolitan landscape”, a new image reflecting the integration of built-up and non-built-up distinctively urban and rural land uses. Planning for the metropolitan landscape requires a reassignment of duties and responsibilities among national, provincial and municipal governments and other stakeholders.     

快速城市化地区景观生态规划研究——以江苏连云港港湾地区为例

从景观变化视角出发,运用景观生态学和生态经济学方法,以连云港港湾区域为例探讨快速城市化地区生态规划的方法及应用。该方法以最新遥感TM影像为基础数据,基于RS/GIS和地统计学方法,将生态系统服务价值和景观破碎度指标进行空间量化和表达,进而将两者叠加后生成景观生态规划分区图,将连云港市区划分为重点生态维护区、重点生态修复区、一般生态维护区、一般生态修复区、城市扩展重点开发区和城市扩展优化开发区,并提出相应分区的景观生态规划方案。